Frontal norepinephrine represents a threat prediction error under uncertainty
Basu A, Yang J, Yu A, Glaeser-Khan S, Rondeau J, Feng J, Krystal J, Li Y, Kaye A. Frontal norepinephrine represents a threat prediction error under uncertainty. Biological Psychiatry 2024 PMID: 38316333, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.01.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrediction error signalsResponses to conditioned stimuliThreat prediction errorsReinforcement learning modelThreat learningAnticipation of dangerAversive learningMemory strengthConditioned stimulusNoradrenergic signalingDefensive behaviorError signalPrediction errorAuditory stimuliTask structureNorepinephrine releaseNorepinephrineLearning modelsPredictive signalsStimuliFootshockDopamineLearningRewardError