Research

The Yale Interventional Psychiatry Service, in collaboration with the Yale Depression Research Program (YDRP) is conducting a range of clinical trials using treatments such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), ketamine, Esketamine, psychedelics, novel pharmaceuticals, and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT).

Interventional Psychiatry Clinical Trials

Diseases of the Nervous System, Mental Health & Behavioral ResearchThe Efficacy of Psilocybin Therapy for Depression in Parkinsons Disease
Not accepting volunteers
Identifying the neural basis of depression in Parkinsons disease
Not accepting volunteers
Mental Health & Behavioral ResearchA Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Maintenance of Effect of NBI1065845 as an Adjunctive Treatment in Subjects with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Not accepting volunteers
Comparative Effectiveness of Racemic Ketamine versus Esketamine (Spravato®) for Depression: EQUIVALENCE Study
Not accepting volunteers
Mental Health & Behavioral ResearchComparative Effectiveness of Racemic Ketamine versus Esketamine (Spravato) for Depression - Observe Study
Not accepting volunteers

Publications

2026

Rapid Antidepressants and Suicide Risk: What Do We Really Know?
Hughes M, Wilkinson ST. Rapid antidepressants and suicide risk: what do we really know? Psychiatric Times. Published September 29, 2026. Accessed October 15, 2026.
Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
NMDA subunit 2B-selective negative allosteric modulator satoprodil (BI 1569912) as mono- and adjunctive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder: results from two phase 2 randomized, controlled trials
Cohen E, Sanacora G, Watanabe K, Feldbarg A, Goeldner R, Scholz A, Starling B, Süssmuth S, Fowler J, De Crescenzo F. NMDA subunit 2B-selective negative allosteric modulator satoprodil (BI 1569912) as mono- and adjunctive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder: results from two phase 2 randomized, controlled trials. Neuropsychopharmacology 2026, 1-13. PMID: 42701110, DOI: 10.1038/s41386-026-02538-4.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
The Randomization Effect in a Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Depression Study.
Targum S, Ceesay P, Lines C, Thase M, Sanacora G, Merola A. The Randomization Effect in a Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Depression Study. Journal Of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2026 PMID: 42684061, DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000002250.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Comment on Esketamine 5 Years After Approval: Welcome New Data With Continuing Questions
Ahmed M, Cabrera P, Doherty T, Himedan M, Kern D, Turkoz I, Sanacora G. Comment on Esketamine 5 Years After Approval: Welcome New Data With Continuing Questions. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2026, 183: 682-683. PMID: 41844563, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20251203.
Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
Transdiagnostic connectome-based predictive modeling reveals networks jointly linked to subjective clinical symptoms and cognition
Simon A, Samardzija A, Iannone S, Parra F, Mehta S, Tokoglu F, Qiu M, Arora J, Tang K, Flanagan A, Katz R, Sanacora G, Woods S, Srihari V, Shen X, Scheinost D, Constable R. Transdiagnostic connectome-based predictive modeling reveals networks jointly linked to subjective clinical symptoms and cognition. Communications Biology 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-026-10822-8.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Next-Generation Pharmacotherapies for Unipolar Mood Disorders: A Leading Article on Phase II/III Drug Development Across Diverse Mechanisms
King A, Hardy M, Rhee T, Wilkinson S. Next-Generation Pharmacotherapies for Unipolar Mood Disorders: A Leading Article on Phase II/III Drug Development Across Diverse Mechanisms. CNS Drugs 2026, 1-16. PMID: 42645703, DOI: 10.1007/s40263-026-01330-8.
Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
A Systematic Review of Long-term Safety Outcomes of Ketamine and Esketamine in Patients with Treatment-resistant Depression.
Wasolua T, Hardy M, Bommersbach T, McIntyre R, Rhee T. A Systematic Review of Long-term Safety Outcomes of Ketamine and Esketamine in Patients with Treatment-resistant Depression. Psychotherapy And Psychosomatics 2026, 1. PMID: 42611840, DOI: 10.1159/pps/aemag005.
Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
Combined Ketamine and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Leveraging Metaplasticity to Enhance Treatment Outcomes
Hardy M, Li S, Wilkinson S. Combined Ketamine and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Leveraging Metaplasticity to Enhance Treatment Outcomes. FOCUS The Journal Of Lifelong Learning In Psychiatry 2026, 24: 294-306. PMID: 42576910, PMCID: PMC13449557, DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20260001.
Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
Artificial intelligence as an adjunctive tool for rater qualification for clinical trials: an illustration
Targum S, Newton S, DeBonis D, Wilkinson S, Sanacora G. Artificial intelligence as an adjunctive tool for rater qualification for clinical trials: an illustration. Journal Of Affective Disorders Reports 2026, 25: 101068. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101068.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Psychedelic Therapies in the United States - Balancing State and Federal Oversight.
Hughes M. Psychedelic Therapies in the United States - Balancing State and Federal Oversight. N Engl J Med 2026, 394: 2281-2283. PMID: 42294853, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2518374.
Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
Using connectome-based predictive models to reveal the systems standardized tests and clinical symptoms are reflecting
Samardzija A, Shen X, Luo W, Greene A, Mehta S, Tokoglu F, Arora J, Woods S, Katz R, Sanacora G, Srihari V, Scheinost D, Constable R. Using connectome-based predictive models to reveal the systems standardized tests and clinical symptoms are reflecting. Nature Communications 2026, 17: 7650. PMID: 42303975, PMCID: PMC13434263, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-73941-0.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Monitoring of Clinics That Use Direct‐to‐Consumer Advertising for Off‐Label Ketamine in the New York Metropolitan Area: A Cross‐Sectional Systematic Web Search
Abukahok N, Lawrence S, Adhikari S, Wilkinson S, Palamar J. Monitoring of Clinics That Use Direct‐to‐Consumer Advertising for Off‐Label Ketamine in the New York Metropolitan Area: A Cross‐Sectional Systematic Web Search. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 2026, 40: e70095-e70095. PMID: 42274347, PMCID: PMC13262787, DOI: 10.1111/fcp.70095.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Following Esketamine for Major Depression and Suicidal Ideation for Relapse Prevention: The CBT-ENDURE Randomized Trial.
Wilkinson S, Kitay B, Macaluso M, Santucci M, Kumpf K, Voghell C, Astorino L, Hershenberg R, Martinez-Kaigi V, Nowell T, Thase M, Sanacora G, Rhee T. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Following Esketamine for Major Depression and Suicidal Ideation for Relapse Prevention: The CBT-ENDURE Randomized Trial. The Journal Of Clinical Psychiatry 2026, 87 PMID: 42095692, DOI: 10.4088/jcp.25m16285.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords
Concurrent SSRI, SNRI, or Other Antidepressant Use Not Associated With Differential Outcomes in Ketamine or Esketamine Treatment.
Curran E, Hardy M, Katz R, Rhee T, Wilkinson S. Concurrent SSRI, SNRI, or Other Antidepressant Use Not Associated With Differential Outcomes in Ketamine or Esketamine Treatment. The Journal Of Clinical Psychiatry 2026, 87 PMID: 42095696, DOI: 10.4088/jcp.25br16294.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Lower synaptic density in mood circuitry underlies depression in Parkinson’s disease
Cayir S, Naganawa M, Volpi T, Sadabad F, Dias M, Yang Y, Elliott S, Ansari M, Elshahat A, Pittman B, Esterlis I, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Sanacora G, Comley R, Finnema S, Carson R, Tinaz S, Matuskey D, Holmes S. Lower synaptic density in mood circuitry underlies depression in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Communications 2026, 8: fcag136. PMID: 42109687, PMCID: PMC13152014, DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcag136.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Long-Term Safety and Maintenance of Response With Esketamine Nasal Spray in Participants With Treatment-Resistant Depression: Interim Results of the SUSTAIN-3 Study
Zaki N, Chen L, Lane R, Doherty T, Drevets W, Morrison R, Sanacora G, Wilkinson S, Popova V, Fu D. Long-Term Safety and Maintenance of Response With Esketamine Nasal Spray in Participants With Treatment-Resistant Depression: Interim Results of the SUSTAIN-3 Study. FOCUS The Journal Of Lifelong Learning In Psychiatry 2026, 24: 212-222. PMID: 42538888, PMCID: PMC13337339, DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.26024111.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
The American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology (ASCP) task force on the deprescribing of psychotropic medications for mood disorders: Delphi expert consensus.
Goldberg J, Swartz H, McIntyre R, Mago R, Malhi G, Jha M, Berk M, Kasper S, Freeman M, Gitlin M, Sajatovic M, Ostacher M, Citrome L, Iosifescu D, Perlis R, Furukawa T, Vieta E, Thase M, Young A, Tohen M, Nierenberg A, Macaluso M, Shelton R, Correll C, Aaronson S, Rosenblat J, Gorwood P, Khan A, Kupka R, Cohen L, Mitchell P, Frye M, Sanacora G, Kane J, Rubio-Lorente J, Goodman D, Zohar J, Davis L, Gupta S, Steingard S, Zarate C, Clayton A. The American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology (ASCP) task force on the deprescribing of psychotropic medications for mood disorders: Delphi expert consensus. The British Journal Of Psychiatry 2026, 1-9. PMID: 41877318, DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2026.10580.
Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements
Phase 2 Clinical Trial of MK-1942, a Negative Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2, for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Merola A, Mukai Y, Bueters T, Ceesay P, Dupre N, Furtek C, Sanacora G, Thase M, Targum S, Smith S, Egan M. Phase 2 Clinical Trial of MK-1942, a Negative Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2, for Treatment-Resistant Depression. Journal Of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2026, 46: 427-432. PMID: 41854661, DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000002171.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Non-inferiority, comparative effectiveness study of intravenous ketamine v. intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: The EQUIVALENCE trial protocol
Wilkinson S, Prashad S, Dalthorp R, Harding L, Kitay B, Parikh S, Dziura J, Clayton A, Fram G, Lepoutre V, Brown J, Ostroff R, Sanacora G. Non-inferiority, comparative effectiveness study of intravenous ketamine v. intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: The EQUIVALENCE trial protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2026, 164: 108273. PMID: 41780747, DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2026.108273.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Toward Greater Diversity in Psychedelic Science.
Hughes M. Toward Greater Diversity in Psychedelic Science. Psychiatr Serv 2026, appips20250169. PMID: 41639945, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20250169.
Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
Recommendations for the Deprescribing of Psychotropic Medications
Goldberg J, McIntyre R, Swartz H, Freeman M, Mago R, Citrome L, Rosenblat J, Thase M, Tohen M, Vieta E, Malhi G, Sajatovic M, Shelton R, Macaluso M, Berk M, Perlis R, Ostacher M, Khan A, Iosifescu D, Sanacora G, Rubio J, Kane J, Goodman D, Nierenberg A, Correll C, Kupka R, Kasper S, Furukawa T, Davis L, Aaronson S, Gitlin M, Jha M, Cohen L, Papakostas G, Mitchell P, Gorwood P, Gupta S, Frye M, Young A, Zohar J, Steingard S, Zarate C, Clayton A, Medications F. Recommendations for the Deprescribing of Psychotropic Medications. JAMA Network Open 2026, 9: e260043. PMID: 41739481, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.0043.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords
A novel, experimental design to assess rapid antidepressant action: Results from a phase 1b randomized trial of NV-5138
Targum S, Sanacora G, Formella A, Ceresoli-Borroni G, Owen R. A novel, experimental design to assess rapid antidepressant action: Results from a phase 1b randomized trial of NV-5138. Journal Of Psychiatric Research 2026, 194: 211-220. PMID: 41512716, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.006.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords

2025

Longitudinal associations of electroconvulsive therapy with all-cause mortality and suicide deaths in severe unipolar or bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rhee T, Shim S, Nasir M, McIntyre R, Kaster T, Wilkinson S. Longitudinal associations of electroconvulsive therapy with all-cause mortality and suicide deaths in severe unipolar or bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Mental Health 2025, 28: e302083. PMID: 41407487, PMCID: PMC12716550, DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2025-302083.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research
MeSH Keywords
Evaluating a New Addition to the Treatment Toolbox for Major Depressive Disorder
Sanacora G, Katz R. Evaluating a New Addition to the Treatment Toolbox for Major Depressive Disorder. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2025, 182: 1032-1034. PMID: 41320819, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20251132.
Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
This study investigates lumateperone as an add-on treatment for major depressive disorder, showing significant symptom improvement with fewer metabolic side effects compared to other antipsychotics.
Full Summary
Questionable Data and Design in Esketamine Study
Wilkinson S, Rhee T. Questionable Data and Design in Esketamine Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2025, 82: 1054-1054. PMID: 40833767, DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.2059.
Peer-Reviewed Original Research

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