Skip to Main Content

Yale Psychiatry Grand Rounds: Commencement

June 20, 2023

Jay Brown, Senior Vice President, Programs, Research & Training, Human Rights Campaign

"A State of Emergency for LGBTQ+ People."

ID
10073

Transcript

  • 00:00Up at the beginning and they're
  • 00:02going to be recording it.
  • 00:07And then and then Dr.
  • 00:09Olas Esky and I are going to sit down for
  • 00:11a little bit of a conversation so you
  • 00:13don't have to stare at me for too long.
  • 00:15But I am going to share some words
  • 00:17up front so you know, I'm Jay.
  • 00:18At first shout out to all the folks
  • 00:20who are using pronouns on their zoom.
  • 00:22I used he, him pronouns.
  • 00:24And I'm the senior vice President
  • 00:25of Programs, Research and training
  • 00:27at the Human Rights Campaign.
  • 00:29We're the nation's largest lesbian,
  • 00:30gay, bisexual, transgender and
  • 00:32queer civil rights organization,
  • 00:34and my team manages our foundation.
  • 00:36We work across institutions
  • 00:38that span every stage of life,
  • 00:40adoption and foster care agencies,
  • 00:42schools and universities,
  • 00:44hospitals and longterm care communities,
  • 00:46and at many of the largest
  • 00:48companies in the world.
  • 00:49Our goal is pretty simple.
  • 00:51We're empowering L, GB,
  • 00:52TQ people by making sure that the
  • 00:54places where we live, where we work,
  • 00:55where we learn, are safe and inclusive.
  • 00:58We're reducing harm for our people,
  • 01:00and we're increasing our visibility.
  • 01:02And we're building power.
  • 01:04The foundation began this work in
  • 01:06the late 19 in the In the 1990s,
  • 01:08Washington was deeply divided.
  • 01:09A Democrat was in the White House.
  • 01:12The far right was in control of Congress.
  • 01:14New drugs promised hope to the
  • 01:16community as the HIV epidemic raged on,
  • 01:19yet deep racial disparities persisted.
  • 01:22Gold culture War crusaders,
  • 01:23including politicians who controlled the
  • 01:26GOP were demonizing L GB TQ plus people,
  • 01:29spreading disinformation and
  • 01:30fear about who we were.
  • 01:32Sound familiar?
  • 01:34History is definitely repeating
  • 01:36itself right now.
  • 01:37Except back then,
  • 01:38only about 1/3 of Americans thought they
  • 01:40knew somebody who was gay or lesbian.
  • 01:42And trans visibility was at an all time low.
  • 01:45Was virtually nonexistent.
  • 01:46And this was very much the world
  • 01:48of that I came came up in.
  • 01:50Growing up, I never saw anybody out
  • 01:51there in the world who looked like me,
  • 01:53or who I who I felt reflected
  • 01:56my my realities.
  • 01:58I didn't even know trans men existed,
  • 02:00but I knew who who I was from
  • 02:02as young as I can remember.
  • 02:03I just didn't have the words for it.
  • 02:05At five years old,
  • 02:06I went to bed every night praying
  • 02:07to wake up as a boy.
  • 02:08Spoiler alert, it's not that easy.
  • 02:11I was also.
  • 02:12It was something I also couldn't deny.
  • 02:14It was fundamentally a part of me.
  • 02:15It was me, and I couldn't be anybody else.
  • 02:17I wanted to play third base for the Orioles.
  • 02:20I wished I could pee in the
  • 02:21woods like my cousin.
  • 02:22We went to the Hair Cuttery
  • 02:24and I settled for a bowl cut,
  • 02:26but I got that really wanted a buzz cut.
  • 02:28Now I just wish I had hair.
  • 02:31Nobody knows exactly what it means,
  • 02:33what it makes somebody L, GB, TQ.
  • 02:35And I'm not sure it actually
  • 02:37even really matters.
  • 02:38But I can tell you it's not our DNA and
  • 02:41it's not our it's not nurture either.
  • 02:43I have an identical twin sister.
  • 02:45My parents treated us exactly the same,
  • 02:48and we both saw the same image
  • 02:49when we looked in the mirror,
  • 02:50but from as young, young as what I can,
  • 02:52as we can eat both of us.
  • 02:53Remember we both had different
  • 02:55relationships to the reflections
  • 02:56that were staring back at us.
  • 02:58My mom and dad were great.
  • 02:59Just let us being ourselves.
  • 03:02Even still, at an early age,
  • 03:03I knew I was difference and that
  • 03:05that difference didn't feel good.
  • 03:07When we were out and about and folks would
  • 03:10talk to my parents about their son AK and me,
  • 03:12I would feel mostly shame.
  • 03:14At the same time, I also felt right
  • 03:17and I felt some some amount of pride.
  • 03:19It was very confusing.
  • 03:22Fast forward.
  • 03:23To the end of high school,
  • 03:24when I had my first brush
  • 03:26with activism for girls,
  • 03:27my principal had a no slacks allowed policy.
  • 03:31I couldn't fathom wearing a dress
  • 03:33as I walked across that stage.
  • 03:35So I pulled very politely,
  • 03:36asked and asked if I could wear pants,
  • 03:39and he threatened to ban
  • 03:40me from the ceremony.
  • 03:41It became a big thing on national
  • 03:44news and it was quite a scene.
  • 03:46But ultimately the policy changed
  • 03:48and I got to walk with honors.
  • 03:50Around this time,
  • 03:51I also came out as a lesbian.
  • 03:53It was the closest language I
  • 03:55had to describe who I was on
  • 03:58shows like Phil Donahue or Oprah.
  • 04:00I know I'm dating myself there.
  • 04:02There were a couple of examples of lesbians,
  • 04:05gay men and very sparingly trans
  • 04:08women in the media and entertainment.
  • 04:09A handful of folks were becoming
  • 04:11more visible,
  • 04:12but there was never a trans man.
  • 04:14It wasn't until college that I
  • 04:16heard the story of Brandon Tina,
  • 04:17a young trans man who died in a
  • 04:20horrible hate crime in Nebraska.
  • 04:22Let me tell you,
  • 04:23that's not a great way to find out
  • 04:24you exist in the world.
  • 04:26It was that case and Matthew Shepard's murder
  • 04:30that moved me to become a queer activist,
  • 04:33and in 2000, I started working at HRC,
  • 04:35where I finally knowingly
  • 04:37met an actual trans man.
  • 04:40Shortly thereafter, I came out.
  • 04:42And I became one of the few trans
  • 04:44people that many of my HRC colleagues
  • 04:47know knew at the time.
  • 04:48And over time, I wasn't the only
  • 04:50trans person in my workplace.
  • 04:51But others came out, too.
  • 04:53I'm sharing all this
  • 04:54because visibility matters.
  • 04:55It mattered then, and it still matters today.
  • 04:58Visibility accelerates acceptance.
  • 05:00It's not just among ourselves,
  • 05:03but among our friends and our family,
  • 05:05Harvey Milk once said.
  • 05:07When they realize we are everywhere,
  • 05:09every lie will be destroyed.
  • 05:12He was right.
  • 05:12It's that simple.
  • 05:13When we see ourselves and others,
  • 05:15we come out.
  • 05:15And when we come out,
  • 05:17the people in our lives,
  • 05:18our friends,
  • 05:19our families,
  • 05:20are forced to reconsider their
  • 05:22assumptions and question the poisonous
  • 05:25rhetoric and misinformation that's
  • 05:27often pushed by far right extremists.
  • 05:29Through my work with the Foundation,
  • 05:31I've seen this shift happen across
  • 05:33society as people got to know they're out
  • 05:36and proud colleagues in the workplace.
  • 05:37More people supported our rights.
  • 05:40As straight parents met queer families,
  • 05:42they realized, hey,
  • 05:43we're not that different.
  • 05:44And it's no coincidence that 7 and
  • 05:4610 people say they know somebody
  • 05:48gay or lesbian and that 7 and 10
  • 05:51people support marriage equality.
  • 05:52Today's world is much more queer
  • 05:55friendly and, well, more queer.
  • 05:56I want to be clear about why that is.
  • 05:59It's not like Ellen came out on TV
  • 06:01and all of a sudden perfectly straight
  • 06:04women suddenly turned into lesbians.
  • 06:07It's simply because queer people saw other
  • 06:09queer people and knew we weren't alone.
  • 06:12There is no social contagion
  • 06:13when it comes to being L GB TQ.
  • 06:15Plus, what's contagious is courage,
  • 06:19and coming out takes courage year after year,
  • 06:22no matter what they throw at us.
  • 06:24We come out in larger numbers because we
  • 06:25see more people like ourselves in the world.
  • 06:27If I were growing up in 2023,
  • 06:30I wouldn't have to look at daytime
  • 06:32talk shows for representation.
  • 06:33At least 20 more at least 20 million
  • 06:36adults now identify as L GB TQ.
  • 06:38Plus,
  • 06:38that's seventeen million more
  • 06:40people than live in the entire
  • 06:43state of Connecticut and by 2031,
  • 06:47and seven of all US adults were
  • 06:49identify as L GB TQ among Gen.
  • 06:52Z1 and five identifies as L GB TQ.
  • 06:56And while the data isn't out there,
  • 06:57I put money on the fact the majority of
  • 06:59these young people, they've grown up.
  • 07:01With somebody who identifies as
  • 07:03trans or nonbinary. Of course.
  • 07:06With progress also comes backlash.
  • 07:09It happened in the late 70s,
  • 07:11in the late 90s,
  • 07:12in the mid 2000s,
  • 07:14all following moments when our movement
  • 07:16was ascending and our progress was
  • 07:18being made and we were more visible.
  • 07:21It's happening now in the wake
  • 07:22of our winning a major Supreme
  • 07:23Court victory with Alberta fell,
  • 07:25and then with boss stock.
  • 07:27Right now, we're facing some of the
  • 07:29most significant backlash I've ever
  • 07:30witnessed in my time in the movement.
  • 07:32This is truly a moment of
  • 07:34crisis for the community,
  • 07:34specifically for trans youth.
  • 07:38The statistics are sobering.
  • 07:40More than 525 anti L GB TQ bills have been
  • 07:44introduced in just the last six months.
  • 07:47More than 220 of those bills
  • 07:49specifically target trans people,
  • 07:51especially trans kids,
  • 07:52and more than 75 of these bills are now law.
  • 07:58We've seen governor sign laws that ban books
  • 08:00and censor curriculum in the classroom,
  • 08:02that forbid trans kids from being able
  • 08:05to safely use the bathroom at school,
  • 08:07that prohibit trans kids from
  • 08:09playing sports with their friends,
  • 08:11and that ban lifesaving,
  • 08:12medically necessary, gender affirming
  • 08:14healthcare for trans young people,
  • 08:15despite what the evidence recommends,
  • 08:17despite their doctors and parents support.
  • 08:21Now visibility accelerates progress,
  • 08:22but fear and shame can stall it.
  • 08:25That's what these laws are designed to do.
  • 08:28They isolate and alienate trans kids from
  • 08:31their support systems, their teachers,
  • 08:33their coaches, their doctors,
  • 08:35their parents, and their friends.
  • 08:37The effect is chilling.
  • 08:38Data from our most most recent survey of L,
  • 08:41GB, T plus teens shows that these
  • 08:43laws make kids feel unsafe at school,
  • 08:45increase their anxiety and depression,
  • 08:47and impact their ability to see
  • 08:50a future that involves them.
  • 08:52Right now, one in five of all hate
  • 08:54crimes is motivated by anti L,
  • 08:56GB TQ bias,
  • 08:58and nearly 40% of trans youth
  • 09:00have considered suicide,
  • 09:02not because there's anything wrong with them,
  • 09:03but because there's something
  • 09:05wrong with the world around them.
  • 09:06This situation has grown so dire that
  • 09:09this month, for the first time ever,
  • 09:11HRC declared a national state of
  • 09:12emergency for the L, GB TQ Plus community.
  • 09:15You all are in.
  • 09:17You all are in the practice of medicine
  • 09:19and this is a public health crisis.
  • 09:22Of course we've seen this,
  • 09:23this playbook before.
  • 09:24The same horrific things that they
  • 09:26were saying about lesbian and
  • 09:27gay people 20 and 30 years ago,
  • 09:29they're saying about trans people now.
  • 09:31New right wing, same old tactics.
  • 09:33And just like we did back then,
  • 09:34we're tracking bills,
  • 09:35mobilizing volunteers and building
  • 09:36our people power.
  • 09:38And leading A/C through the fight is
  • 09:40our new president, Kelly Robinson.
  • 09:41She's been ultimately very clear
  • 09:43about our mission, a mission.
  • 09:45So we're centering trans people and
  • 09:47black and brown L GB TQ people as we
  • 09:49fight for liberation and justice for all.
  • 09:51Without exception,
  • 09:51we're creating a world where L GB TQ
  • 09:54plus people and all people can be safe,
  • 09:56celebrated and joyful in all
  • 09:58aspects of our lives.
  • 10:00But we're just one organization,
  • 10:01and to address this public health crisis,
  • 10:03we need the help of our
  • 10:05public health professionals.
  • 10:06All of you in this room and on the zoom room,
  • 10:09As you know,
  • 10:10the community and the medical field have
  • 10:12long and sometimes fraught histories.
  • 10:15Up until 1973, the DSM classified
  • 10:19homosexuality as a mental disorder,
  • 10:21and up until 2019,
  • 10:23who classified being transgender
  • 10:24as a mental disorder.
  • 10:26Just a couple of examples of of
  • 10:28where we've been in the past.
  • 10:31These diagnosis perpetuated stigma and
  • 10:33were used to justify conversion therapies.
  • 10:36But for as long as healthcare
  • 10:37has been used as
  • 10:38a cudgel, there have also been
  • 10:40brave catalysts for change.
  • 10:42People like Doctor John Fryer,
  • 10:43who came out as gay in the 1972 APA
  • 10:46annual conference and whose speech
  • 10:48is credited with changing the DSL.
  • 10:51Doctor Matilda Krim,
  • 10:52who raised early awareness for AIDS,
  • 10:55fought for patients rights and founded
  • 10:57the American Foundation for AIDS Research.
  • 10:59And Doctor Hamina Lopez,
  • 11:01a friend and an incredible pediatric
  • 11:02endocrinologist who opened the first
  • 11:04clinic for young people who need
  • 11:06gender affirming care in Dallas, TX.
  • 11:08She has provided a safe place for hundreds,
  • 11:10if not thousands of young people
  • 11:12over the course of her career.
  • 11:14Doctor Olazeski as well I I would be
  • 11:16remiss not to mention her name among
  • 11:18this list of of folks who are bravely
  • 11:21standing in the center of storms and and
  • 11:23fighting for the change that's needed.
  • 11:25There are countless other
  • 11:26healthcare professionals who sat
  • 11:28at bedsides when families wouldn't.
  • 11:29Who shot down spurious claims
  • 11:31and scientific facts?
  • 11:32Who've helped our community through
  • 11:34crises by sharing their expertise,
  • 11:35their knowledge,
  • 11:36and their compassion for the community,
  • 11:39for their patients.
  • 11:40Today,
  • 11:40I'm asking you to continue that legacy.
  • 11:43Far right Politicians can ban
  • 11:44every drag show, burn every book,
  • 11:47boycott every L, GB,
  • 11:48TQ friendly brand and police every bathroom.
  • 11:51But trans kids would still exist.
  • 11:53They've always existed on proof of that.
  • 11:56The true debate isn't whether we're real,
  • 11:58it's whether we should be afforded
  • 12:00basic human rights like the ability
  • 12:02to move freely in the world,
  • 12:04to hold down jobs,
  • 12:05and to access the healthcare that we need.
  • 12:08Every major Medical Association believes
  • 12:09that gender affirming care is not
  • 12:11just necessary but often lifesaving,
  • 12:13and all of you can play a role in making
  • 12:15sure that that today's trans people,
  • 12:17trans young people,
  • 12:18receive it.
  • 12:19You can do this by listening,
  • 12:20by using the right pronouns and
  • 12:22upholding the W Path Standards of care.
  • 12:24And you can do this by approaching
  • 12:27trans people without stigma and
  • 12:28transness as just one of the many
  • 12:31elements of human diversity.
  • 12:32You can do this by accepting everyone's
  • 12:35distinct expiration of gender,
  • 12:36whether that involves simply a
  • 12:38new haircut or hormone therapy.
  • 12:41And you can do this by putting gender
  • 12:42reforming care on the same continuum of
  • 12:44care as any other type of healthcare,
  • 12:45because that's what it is.
  • 12:47It's true that this is a moment of crisis,
  • 12:49but with crisis also comes opportunity.
  • 12:52It also also comes a reckoning.
  • 12:55This is a unique opportunity for
  • 12:58bold and transformative change.
  • 12:59You all can be a part of that
  • 13:01change and I hope you'll join me.
  • 13:03I've done a lot of talking at you,
  • 13:05so I'm going to turn it over to
  • 13:08a video to hear from an amazing
  • 13:11pediatrician who has worked with
  • 13:13trans youth in in Minnesota.
  • 13:16And then Dr.
  • 13:16Olas Esky and I are going to have
  • 13:18a conversation.
  • 13:19We'll take some questions on Zoom and
  • 13:21she's also got some questions that
  • 13:23have been submitted to her in advance.
  • 13:25So one second, see if I can do this.
  • 13:30Pediatricians are pretty beloved.
  • 13:32I mean, we're the people out there with,
  • 13:34you know, the soft voices and
  • 13:36the bow ties and, you know,
  • 13:38smiles and pinwheels and things like that.
  • 13:40And you don't go into Pediatrics
  • 13:43really expecting to be.
  • 13:44Attacked for the care that you provide.
  • 13:47In recent weeks, several
  • 13:49children's hospitals have become
  • 13:51targets of far right attacks.
  • 13:52The FBI has arrested a woman for
  • 13:55making bomb threats. The Boston
  • 13:57Children's Hospital.
  • 13:57Growing number of doctors say
  • 13:59they are under threat from far
  • 14:01right activists because they
  • 14:02care for transgender patients.
  • 14:04There's sometimes attacks
  • 14:06on health systems people.
  • 14:08Contacting to complain or share
  • 14:10comments that are threatening,
  • 14:12like bodily harm should come to
  • 14:14me for the care that I provide.
  • 14:16It's shocking.
  • 14:17That's just never something I
  • 14:19thought would be part of my career.
  • 14:22I'm a pediatrician because I think
  • 14:24that every child deserves to meet
  • 14:26their optimal health outcomes.
  • 14:28I want every kid to be the
  • 14:30healthiest they can possibly be,
  • 14:31and for me that also includes
  • 14:34transgender and gender diverse kids.
  • 14:38Gender firming care is providing A supportive
  • 14:41environment for kids and families to
  • 14:44ask knowledgeable healthcare providers,
  • 14:46whether they're doctors or psychologists
  • 14:49or anyone who has experience caring
  • 14:52for transgender gender diverse kids,
  • 14:54how to understand and interpret
  • 14:56what's going on with their child.
  • 14:58If the child is young and they're
  • 15:01experimenting with gender expression,
  • 15:02what what do they do about it?
  • 15:04How do they? Support them.
  • 15:06Are there certain questions they
  • 15:08should or shouldn't be asking?
  • 15:10What should they do if a child
  • 15:11gets picked on at school?
  • 15:12Or should they talk to the teachers?
  • 15:16A good majority of what we do is have long,
  • 15:19thoughtful,
  • 15:20emotional conversations with
  • 15:22kids and families about how to
  • 15:25provide love and support.
  • 15:28We live in a time where there is a lot
  • 15:30of rampant misinformation out on the
  • 15:32Internet that people can easily access.
  • 15:35So I do want people to know that
  • 15:36when we say gender affirming care,
  • 15:38we are not talking about giving
  • 15:40medications to very young children.
  • 15:41That's just not something
  • 15:42that's a part of what we do.
  • 15:44We are not talking about
  • 15:46surgeries on children.
  • 15:48That's just not really a part
  • 15:50of the care approach for kids.
  • 15:52Certainly surgeries and other medical
  • 15:54procedures can be things that transgender
  • 15:56people have as a part of their care,
  • 15:58but that's not how we
  • 16:00start this care with kids.
  • 16:03This fear of what's going to happen and
  • 16:05will my child be targeted or will you be
  • 16:07targeted or will this clinic be targeted,
  • 16:09is really causing, you know,
  • 16:10an everyday fear in the
  • 16:12lives of kids and families.
  • 16:13Kids and families deserve somewhere to
  • 16:15go to get their questions answered.
  • 16:17And if my child had diabetes
  • 16:21or cancer or asthma,
  • 16:24I deserve to be able to go to an
  • 16:26asthma specialist to find out what
  • 16:28things can we do to make it better,
  • 16:31what things might make it worse.
  • 16:33And if you have a child who is transgender,
  • 16:35you deserve that same thing.
  • 16:37At just a real, basic,
  • 16:38fundamental level,
  • 16:40Kids deserve healthcare that
  • 16:42is specialized and tailored
  • 16:44to the healthcare needs.
  • 16:45Transgender kids deserve that too.
  • 17:09Now I'm going to try to do a
  • 17:11camera switch here so you can
  • 17:14see us better. Nope. Hold on.
  • 17:19Nobody. Nobody. needs Wayfair.
  • 17:22All right. Very good.
  • 17:23I think it works. Yeah. All right.
  • 17:30All right. So
  • 17:31I think you can see us better now, right?
  • 17:36Awesome. Hi, everyone.
  • 17:40Thank you so much,
  • 17:40Dave, for being here.
  • 17:42And I just want to say
  • 17:43congratulations to everybody who
  • 17:45just graduated last night. So. So
  • 17:52we're going to have a conversation.
  • 17:54And then we're going to have a
  • 17:56moderate where we have some, yeah,
  • 17:57you're going to check the cook unit.
  • 17:58Awesome. So if folks that
  • 18:00are online have questions,
  • 18:01please feel free For all y'all
  • 18:03that are here with us today,
  • 18:05please feel free to ask
  • 18:08questions towards the end.
  • 18:11So first I'd love to, I,
  • 18:13I know you talked a little bit about this,
  • 18:14but can we start with talking about L,
  • 18:16GB, TQ, healthcare,
  • 18:18the history of healthcare and
  • 18:20what the the experience has been?
  • 18:23Historically for your healthcare, yeah,
  • 18:25Yeah. I mean, I think many of you
  • 18:28probably know that, as I said,
  • 18:31it's been fraught over time. I think
  • 18:36there's a large number of LGBTQ folks
  • 18:38who are not out to their doctors and
  • 18:41who fear and that's been historically
  • 18:43true and continues to be true today,
  • 18:45who fear bias in the doctor's room.
  • 18:48Who are worried about being judged?
  • 18:50Who, who, who have heard and have
  • 18:53experienced stigma and shame when
  • 18:55they do talk about sort of, you know,
  • 18:58any kind of healthcare realities that
  • 19:00they're dealing with related to their
  • 19:02sexual orientation or gender identity.
  • 19:04And you know,
  • 19:06I think it's particularly unique with
  • 19:08trans folks that we have, we have.
  • 19:12Also had an interesting relationship
  • 19:14with the medical field where many
  • 19:16of us have have needed medical care
  • 19:19and there have been as I said brave
  • 19:21catalyst for change in that in that
  • 19:24space who have helped us unlock new
  • 19:27futures and possibilities for ourselves.
  • 19:29So it's a it's an interesting reality,
  • 19:33you know healthcare disparities for L,
  • 19:36GB, TQ plus folks across the continuum.
  • 19:39Are there those disparities
  • 19:41increase around racial divides,
  • 19:44especially black and brown LGBTQ folks,
  • 19:46plebs, folks who lack more healthcare
  • 19:49access and and the HIV epidemic?
  • 19:53Everything.
  • 19:53A lot of folks think that it
  • 19:55was solved in the 80s and 90s.
  • 19:57In fact,
  • 19:57you know it is raging on and it it continues
  • 20:01to disproportionately affect affect,
  • 20:03brown and black,
  • 20:04L, GB,
  • 20:04TQ plus gay and bisexual men
  • 20:07especially and and trans women.
  • 20:09So there is a lot of work that needs
  • 20:11to be done to address some of the
  • 20:14disparities within the community that exist.
  • 20:16But just broadly the experience
  • 20:19can be somewhat challenging
  • 20:21around medical providers.
  • 20:23Relationship with L GB TQ plus folks,
  • 20:26your visibility as allies or as L
  • 20:29GB TQ plus providers yourselves
  • 20:32can go such a long way and opening
  • 20:34up a patient's ability to sort
  • 20:37of give you a fuller picture of
  • 20:40what they're experiencing.
  • 20:41We have a product called the
  • 20:43Healthcare Quality Index that we
  • 20:45run at the Human Rights Campaign
  • 20:47and that works with with with with
  • 20:49hospitals across the country and.
  • 20:51One of the things that we do in
  • 20:53that and that work is just talk
  • 20:54about the importance of what you
  • 20:56you do are doing right now We're
  • 20:58your lanyard with the rainbow and
  • 20:59the progress flag on it.
  • 21:01The small indications of support
  • 21:03can make a big difference from for
  • 21:06patients and and and ultimately
  • 21:07you know get folks to care that
  • 21:10they they need and and deserve.
  • 21:16We know that education is lacking
  • 21:18and that providers are lacking and
  • 21:20you had mentioned that there are 500
  • 21:23plus bills that have been introduced
  • 21:25in 2023 alone across the USI think
  • 21:3070 right 75 that have been passed,
  • 21:3220 that are prohibiting gender,
  • 21:36reforming care.
  • 21:36How is this further impacting what
  • 21:38we're seeing right now and how is this
  • 21:41going to impact not only healthcare
  • 21:42but also education and training?
  • 21:46It is. It's a really scary
  • 21:47state right now when it
  • 21:49comes to gender firm and care.
  • 21:51I mean you and I were talking earlier.
  • 21:53It's not like the field was robust
  • 21:55and to begin with we still needed
  • 21:58providers in in much larger numbers.
  • 22:00We needed, we needed schools doing what
  • 22:02young medical does in terms of you know,
  • 22:04integrating these discussions,
  • 22:06what what you're doing with with
  • 22:08the students here into the the
  • 22:11educational experience for providers.
  • 22:13I have a friend who's a
  • 22:15pediatrician in Chicago and he does
  • 22:17gender affirming care there.
  • 22:18And you know,
  • 22:20there are tons of folks coming to him
  • 22:23with folks who have congratulations
  • 22:26to who have just graduated and are
  • 22:29interested in going into the field.
  • 22:31And the the clinics that are closing
  • 22:34across the country now have have
  • 22:37no openings for for for providers.
  • 22:39These providers who who go into this
  • 22:42care desperately wanting to do good for,
  • 22:45for their patients are are
  • 22:48are receiving death threats,
  • 22:49are being you know are are being you
  • 22:53know sort of are really being attacked
  • 22:57and then you know in the educational
  • 22:58space I think what you're seeing.
  • 23:00Just just recently Project Veritas
  • 23:03was recording patient and doctor
  • 23:08interviews and and then posting those online.
  • 23:12So you're seeing things like that happen
  • 23:14also in the educational space and I
  • 23:16think it it has a chilling effect.
  • 23:18They the opposition really
  • 23:20doesn't want us talking.
  • 23:21They don't want things like this
  • 23:23to happen and then they are
  • 23:26using anything we say against us
  • 23:28splicing it in different ways.
  • 23:30That really exaggerate the realities
  • 23:33of what's happening and and make it
  • 23:36harder to provide the kind of care
  • 23:38that is actually really needed.
  • 23:40You know that it is so cynical what
  • 23:43what's happening here If they the folks,
  • 23:46there's a group of folks who who are
  • 23:49sort of trying to get people to think
  • 23:51that trans kids are convincing other
  • 23:54kids that they're trans and that
  • 23:57that that that there's not enough.
  • 24:01Vigor in providing transforming
  • 24:04care among pediatricians and and
  • 24:08psychologists and psychiatrists and
  • 24:11and if if that truly were the case,
  • 24:14what you would do is you would provide
  • 24:17more training to the medical field.
  • 24:20You'd provide more robust support
  • 24:23for expertise in this field.
  • 24:26You would not shut down the care.
  • 24:28So,
  • 24:28so what's what I'm worried about
  • 24:30is not only what this means for
  • 24:32the field and for what it means
  • 24:34for the number of of doctors who
  • 24:36are coming into their careers,
  • 24:39but also what it means for the community
  • 24:43and where folks will have to turn
  • 24:45for care without anybody to turn to.
  • 24:54Oh, sure. Sorry. Yeah.
  • 24:57And and and I think that's really
  • 24:58important to think about, right is,
  • 25:00is with folks that are trying to access care,
  • 25:04not being able to access care.
  • 25:05You had mentioned you know before
  • 25:07with the bills also not being able
  • 25:08to access supports through schools
  • 25:10or beyond sports teams etcetera.
  • 25:12And also providers not being able to
  • 25:15access education because they don't have
  • 25:17these residency programs or fellowships
  • 25:20or advanced trainings etcetera.
  • 25:22And so this is, this is very much.
  • 25:25A bleak A bleak picture right now
  • 25:28and so how as as future folks going
  • 25:33into different programs across
  • 25:34the US you know what are what are
  • 25:37some ways that we can increase the
  • 25:39education or increase the discussion.
  • 25:41Yeah,
  • 25:41I mean I I think you all have
  • 25:45a really good starting point.
  • 25:46I mean you have a lot more
  • 25:48knowledge probably just in.
  • 25:50I'm sure you've done much more than just what
  • 25:53I've explained in the last 30 minutes or so.
  • 25:56But even the last 30 minutes or so is is
  • 25:59probably more facts than many folks have.
  • 26:02So just starting with some, you know,
  • 26:08combating the misinformation and the
  • 26:09disinformation that's out there is,
  • 26:11is is really important and I I know so
  • 26:14many providers probably like yourself who?
  • 26:18You know, went into pediatric
  • 26:20endocrinology or went into Pediatrics
  • 26:23or went into the psychiatry,
  • 26:25never thinking that they would ever get into
  • 26:27anything related to gender affirming care.
  • 26:28And then they've had
  • 26:30their first trans patient,
  • 26:31they met their first trans kiddo.
  • 26:33And like any provider is supposed to do,
  • 26:36they they learned more about
  • 26:38it and and then they had,
  • 26:40you know, word of mouth,
  • 26:42whole community of folks showing up.
  • 26:44In in their offices and that can
  • 26:48happen anywhere now.
  • 26:49Now providers you know depending on
  • 26:52where you're going right like you
  • 26:54are going to be restricted by law
  • 26:56around what you can and can't provide.
  • 26:59But how you show up,
  • 27:00how you are there for your patients is
  • 27:02is going to matter more than anything.
  • 27:06And you know I was I was saying
  • 27:08earlier one thing that I.
  • 27:10Try to When I talk to parents of trans
  • 27:12kids and and kids who are who are
  • 27:16living in some of these hostile states,
  • 27:19you know one thing that I,
  • 27:20I try to remind them is just
  • 27:22the long arc of history.
  • 27:23We didn't have transferring care
  • 27:26widely accessible until very recently.
  • 27:29We can make it through this in the interim,
  • 27:33we need folks who are just going
  • 27:35to provide safe spaces.
  • 27:37And who are going to educate each
  • 27:39other and and continue to to grow the
  • 27:41field in whatever ways we possibly can.
  • 27:44So you know it,
  • 27:46it can be as small as wearing a lanyard.
  • 27:49And that's that's representative of
  • 27:52of having a a conversation with a,
  • 27:55you know a fellow provider and and
  • 27:57making sure that those folks who are
  • 27:59coming into your office or you're
  • 28:01sitting down with in your care are
  • 28:03are are clear on where you stand on
  • 28:06on on on on accepting the community.
  • 28:10One thing that I think that is is
  • 28:13interesting too is is you know the
  • 28:16field still even in some of them.
  • 28:18I I I had an experience where I
  • 28:22was in a a pediatric hospital in a
  • 28:28psychiatric unit and overheard doctors
  • 28:31huddled around the front of the desk.
  • 28:34It was in the ER in the front
  • 28:37desk making a a transphobic joke.
  • 28:40And this is in a hospital that gets.
  • 28:43100% on our healthcare quality
  • 28:45index because they have all the
  • 28:47right policies they have they do
  • 28:48all the right things.
  • 28:50But there was still that one provider
  • 28:52and the providers around him who
  • 28:55who either laughed or didn't say a
  • 28:57thing when when he made the joke.
  • 28:59You're going to be in spaces like that.
  • 29:01You're going to be in experiences
  • 29:03like that and you know you saying
  • 29:07respectfully that's that's.
  • 29:09There's no place for that here.
  • 29:11And we're here to take care of.
  • 29:12Folks can go a long way, you know,
  • 29:17to the first person who's, you know,
  • 29:19just trying to like get through the
  • 29:22moment that they're in and and you know,
  • 29:25nobody around there.
  • 29:26If I didn't tell you I was trans,
  • 29:28you probably wouldn't know.
  • 29:29And they had no idea that they had
  • 29:32said this around the trans guy
  • 29:34who actually also is is in charge
  • 29:36of the healthcare quality index.
  • 29:39So it it was,
  • 29:40it was an experience that just sort
  • 29:43of reminded me of the importance
  • 29:45of allyship among providers.
  • 29:46And I think that's the kind of thing
  • 29:49that that you all will have the
  • 29:52opportunity unfortunately to interrupt
  • 29:53by us in those sort of everyday
  • 29:55moments wherever you are and and I
  • 29:57and I hope you're able to do that.
  • 30:00And related to that,
  • 30:02you know you have folks that are going
  • 30:04out into different systems that you
  • 30:06know this one had a had a score of 100,
  • 30:08but they're going to be going
  • 30:10into systems that are oppressive
  • 30:12and have been oppressive.
  • 30:13To different multiple marginalized
  • 30:16folks across time And so you know
  • 30:18what are some words of advice or
  • 30:20things to think about as as folks are
  • 30:22going into these systems of care to
  • 30:24be aware of and to be thinking about
  • 30:25and to to advocate for patients.
  • 30:27Yeah. And and we do this a lot in our work
  • 30:30across different different institutions.
  • 30:32I mean the institute we we
  • 30:35are in a country that is.
  • 30:37On a long March toward justice.
  • 30:39Way too long.
  • 30:40And so all of the systems around us,
  • 30:44they're racist. They're transphobic.
  • 30:46They're sexist and and so how you go
  • 30:50about making change within systems and
  • 30:53especially the most hostile systems can
  • 30:56be frustratingly Mattingly slow at times.
  • 31:00You know it can be fast with with
  • 31:02litigation but the courts aren't quite
  • 31:04on our side at this moment so that's.
  • 31:07Taking a longer time than
  • 31:08anybody wants as well,
  • 31:10I think start to identify your friends.
  • 31:13Start to identify folks who you
  • 31:16you can build alliances with,
  • 31:19who you have shared understanding with, who.
  • 31:22Maybe they're not an expert
  • 31:24on on gender affirming care,
  • 31:25but they seem to be pretty well up
  • 31:29to speed on other progressive medical
  • 31:32issues and supportive and build.
  • 31:35Alliances.
  • 31:35Because you can't doing it alone is
  • 31:39an exhausting feat and and also you
  • 31:42know I I find that my cup is filled
  • 31:46when I take on one hard thing and make
  • 31:49some see some degree of progress right.
  • 31:52So don't feel like you have to boil the
  • 31:56ocean try to find the one thing that one
  • 31:59moment of progress that you can make and.
  • 32:02Pretty soon you know you'll see you,
  • 32:05you've you've amassed a lot of achievements.
  • 32:09But try not to be discouraged and
  • 32:11try to find friends in the fight
  • 32:13because there are good people
  • 32:15everywhere who want to be better and
  • 32:17and sometimes they just don't know.
  • 32:19So I think that's you know,
  • 32:21it's simple but but it is,
  • 32:23you know probably important to
  • 32:25always try to stay grounded,
  • 32:26especially when you're in in
  • 32:28some pretty tough spots.
  • 32:30And related to that, how to
  • 32:32keep moving and what to do when
  • 32:35things get dangerous. Yeah,
  • 32:37I mean I I really that pediatricians
  • 32:40and folks like you were not having to
  • 32:43worry about their own personal safety
  • 32:46in the way that they are right now.
  • 32:49It is a very dangerous time to be L, GB,
  • 32:52TQ plus to be doing transaffirming care
  • 32:56to be speaking out about trans rights.
  • 33:00And it's a dangerous time to be in this
  • 33:03country. And things are so polarized.
  • 33:07I, you know, I have talked to a lot of
  • 33:11folks who are in the field right now who
  • 33:14are having to think about security in
  • 33:16ways they never had to and and hospitals.
  • 33:19That are really talking to local FBI offices
  • 33:24in ways that they never had to in the past,
  • 33:28providing security to providers on the way
  • 33:30to their cars in ways that's remind me of,
  • 33:33you know, abortion care providers
  • 33:34and what what those providers have
  • 33:36had to go through over the years.
  • 33:38Pediatricians don't think they're signing
  • 33:40up for that kind of vitriol and reality.
  • 33:44So, you know, I again,
  • 33:46I think it finding finding friends.
  • 33:49This, you know,
  • 33:51we have at times because we work with
  • 33:54a lot of providers who, you know,
  • 33:56you, a lot of our families go to
  • 34:00and things like that.
  • 34:02You know,
  • 34:02we've provided spaces for them to come
  • 34:04together and learn from each other and
  • 34:06learn what what each other is doing to
  • 34:10navigate the realities and their situations.
  • 34:13You know,
  • 34:14there are also fortunately right now the,
  • 34:16the, the.
  • 34:18DOJ and some of the federal mechanisms
  • 34:22are out there wanting to provide whatever
  • 34:25they can in terms of protection.
  • 34:28The Boston Children's Hospital as,
  • 34:30as was in the video,
  • 34:31there were arrests made in those
  • 34:34cases and and and did.
  • 34:36The Department of Justice is pursuing
  • 34:39cases across the country.
  • 34:40So I think, you know,
  • 34:42knowing what your rights are and knowing
  • 34:45where to find support is really important.
  • 34:49And also just building community.
  • 34:51Everybody needs community,
  • 34:53including providers.
  • 34:54And I think that's really,
  • 34:55really an important piece of it
  • 34:57for sure. And behind a lot of this,
  • 34:59as you've alluded to,
  • 35:01is a lot of disinformation.
  • 35:03So can you talk a little bit about
  • 35:05the disinformation and what you
  • 35:06would hope that providers would know
  • 35:08and be able to share with patients,
  • 35:10families, etcetera? Yeah,
  • 35:12I mean I wish that more folks understood
  • 35:17you know you this is, this is yo
  • 35:19medical and it's about medical stuff,
  • 35:21but often being trans is like met the medical
  • 35:25stuff is just one small iota of it, right.
  • 35:28And when it comes to transforming
  • 35:30care for young folks.
  • 35:32A lot of it is about the social
  • 35:34aspects of transition,
  • 35:36about being affirmed with the names,
  • 35:38the pronouns, the style of dress that
  • 35:40folks are that kids feel comfortable in.
  • 35:42We don't get into the any of the
  • 35:45medical sort of even interventions
  • 35:47until you know, puberty.
  • 35:49And then it's it's all reversible, right.
  • 35:52So I think understanding that that we,
  • 35:55you know other than like what Fox
  • 36:00News would have you believe around.
  • 36:02Surgeries on 3 year olds is just
  • 36:04not happening.
  • 36:05It doesn't happen.
  • 36:06And and you know the level of and Frank,
  • 36:10frankly among adults,
  • 36:12the level of surgical regret around trans
  • 36:14affirming care is minuscule compared to
  • 36:18the level of surgical regret for knee
  • 36:22surgeries or hip replacements or you know
  • 36:25any other kind of care that everybody acts.
  • 36:28Like is just normal care,
  • 36:29right?
  • 36:29So you know,
  • 36:30I one thing I really wish and I think
  • 36:33it's a bridge too far for some folks,
  • 36:36but I really wish we could just
  • 36:40remove the stigma associated with
  • 36:43with transaffirming care period.
  • 36:45If there was no stigma in somebody,
  • 36:48you know, exploring their gender then.
  • 36:51If you know that if they're so
  • 36:54worried about somebody who who
  • 36:56has transitioned and then decides
  • 36:58that's not right for them,
  • 37:00that would just be a part of
  • 37:02the human experience,
  • 37:03it would not be a bad thing either which
  • 37:06way they go on that sort of that journey.
  • 37:09But getting folks to kind of unpack
  • 37:11that in their heads and think through
  • 37:13stigma in that way is is hard.
  • 37:16It's very hard,
  • 37:17especially with something that people think.
  • 37:19Is so ingrained in in the human
  • 37:22experience so we've got a lot of
  • 37:24education we've got to do the
  • 37:26disinformation right now is really
  • 37:29making it harder and and what we
  • 37:31have to I think what we have to
  • 37:33do is start by calming folks down
  • 37:34trying to trying to remove the
  • 37:36fear a little bit from folks have
  • 37:38them in like meet trans people know
  • 37:41that we have always existed here
  • 37:44here are stories get to see us that
  • 37:47like I'm a dad I have two kids.
  • 37:50You know I have a wife of almost 20 years,
  • 37:5320 years in November.
  • 37:55Like my family experience,
  • 37:57what I'm doing on a daytoday basis
  • 38:01probably matches a lot of folks experiences.
  • 38:04Right?
  • 38:05Tomorrow,
  • 38:06flying back tonight,
  • 38:06tomorrow I have to go to my kids
  • 38:09swim meet and do time trials right?
  • 38:10Like I've I've that's the kind of
  • 38:12stuff that makes up my my daily
  • 38:14routine when I'm not fighting
  • 38:16for justice for my people.
  • 38:18So that.
  • 38:18That's the kind of stuff that
  • 38:20I think we just need to kind of
  • 38:23reintroduce ourselves to the
  • 38:24country they are the opposition is
  • 38:26really making it unsafe to do that.
  • 38:30So we can't sort of let our foot off of
  • 38:33the the gas on this as hard as it might be,
  • 38:36as tough as it might seem you know
  • 38:39visibility really does matter to to changing
  • 38:42changing the narrative and getting folks.
  • 38:44To be more fully aware and
  • 38:46doing things like this.
  • 38:47So I really got to give you know credit
  • 38:49to you all in the student body for for
  • 38:52wanting to have this conversation as
  • 38:54your last conversation at before you
  • 38:56go off into the field because because
  • 38:59if more folks were doing this think
  • 39:01about the numbers that would be in a
  • 39:04in a much more supportive place for
  • 39:06for our people and so so you know it's
  • 39:09it's hard work but it's we're going
  • 39:12to kind of be relentless in it and.
  • 39:14And we could use all the help we can
  • 39:16get and and making sure that folks
  • 39:17are fighting the fear with some facts.
  • 39:21That's great. And I think, you know,
  • 39:22the other piece that I hear from
  • 39:23folks is we talk a lot about,
  • 39:25you know, suicide rates and
  • 39:26negative things that are happening,
  • 39:28anxiety, depression, etcetera.
  • 39:29A whole bunch of psychiatrists
  • 39:32in this room, you know,
  • 39:33also thinking about gender joy though,
  • 39:35and how do we talk about that and
  • 39:37how do we shed a light on gender joy?
  • 39:40Yeah, I mean, we've been
  • 39:40talking a lot about joy. I mean,
  • 39:42I think it's very easy to just get
  • 39:47defeated and and feel like everything's
  • 39:50going to hell and in a handbasket.
  • 39:54But being queer,
  • 39:55there's this element of defiant joy in
  • 39:58the queer experience that I just love.
  • 40:00And and I think I don't know if
  • 40:04folks saw this, but there are these
  • 40:06amazing young folks who I happen to know.
  • 40:10Three of them. Pretty.
  • 40:10Two of them pretty well, three of them.
  • 40:12I'm getting to know the other one well,
  • 40:15who organized a trans prom
  • 40:18in DC in in the spring?
  • 40:22And Daniel, who is a close,
  • 40:25close friend of the family.
  • 40:2713 year old trans kid.
  • 40:29No, no, he's older than that.
  • 40:30I'm sorry, he'd be mad at me.
  • 40:3215 year old trans kid,
  • 40:34almost 16, who is in Arizona.
  • 40:39In the middle of this fight
  • 40:41is state legislature has gone
  • 40:43back and forth on these bills.
  • 40:45Libby,
  • 40:45who's 13 and is in Texas and has
  • 40:49been back and forth to to testify
  • 40:52for her need for healthcare,
  • 40:55very Public Advocate.
  • 40:56And they just sort of came together and
  • 41:00they said listen like this is hard.
  • 41:02We need to do something fun.
  • 41:03And so they organized a prom
  • 41:06for trans kids that was in.
  • 41:09DC in front of,
  • 41:10they actually was in front of
  • 41:11the nation's capital.
  • 41:12There were,
  • 41:13you know,
  • 41:14I think more than I would say
  • 41:16they're probably at 200 kids from
  • 41:18all across the country who came
  • 41:21and danced and and and you know,
  • 41:24some of them gave speeches and then
  • 41:28they they marched to the SCOTUS steps.
  • 41:31But they just had fun.
  • 41:33They just spent you know a lot of
  • 41:35them spent about a week together
  • 41:36in DC and it was just like it
  • 41:38was in the midst of all this.
  • 41:41They just knew that having fun was
  • 41:44an important part of sort of staying
  • 41:46in it and and so and you know we're
  • 41:49we're sitting here in pride month
  • 41:51and I think that that you know,
  • 41:53that has.
  • 41:54It is just a great example of what
  • 41:56our community does to sort of,
  • 41:59even in the face of of real horrors,
  • 42:03right.
  • 42:03Pride started as a protest of of of
  • 42:07bar raids in in New York City and
  • 42:11and and and we marched and we danced
  • 42:15and we celebrated and that that's
  • 42:18always been a part of our experience.
  • 42:20So don't.
  • 42:20Don't get sort of so bogged down in
  • 42:23the heart to not find ways to find joy.
  • 42:26It is so important.
  • 42:27It is so important to us keeping going.
  • 42:31And it's important that your
  • 42:33patients understand that too.
  • 42:34You know,
  • 42:35as you as you find young folks in your
  • 42:38care who who are feeling these things,
  • 42:41to let them know that there's just
  • 42:43almost like a superpower that
  • 42:45queer folks have to find joy and.
  • 42:47I think is is a really important
  • 42:49part of their community history
  • 42:50that that we need to make sure that
  • 42:52they know. But I think that you
  • 42:54know you you all do very hard work,
  • 42:57like being a psychiatrist
  • 42:58is not an easy thing, right?
  • 43:00And so for you all to also make sure
  • 43:02you're taking care of yourselves,
  • 43:04you're finding your joy, I think is really,
  • 43:06really important because it's
  • 43:07going to make you better providers.
  • 43:09So you know maybe join a pride
  • 43:12parade or or something like that.
  • 43:14It'll it'll lift your spirits
  • 43:15if you've never been to 1.
  • 43:17No, that's really great.
  • 43:18And and I think that you know,
  • 43:19I oftentimes hear from kids like we just want
  • 43:21to be kids and we want to have fun, right.
  • 43:22And we want our care as you
  • 43:24were mentioning, you know,
  • 43:25we want to have our healthcare too.
  • 43:28And so thinking about healthcare,
  • 43:30I want to make sure that we have time for,
  • 43:32for, for questions from the audience also.
  • 43:34But thinking about this,
  • 43:35you know, going out as new
  • 43:41staff, faculty, etcetera,
  • 43:42providers in the community,
  • 43:44what are some words of advice?
  • 43:46That you have for our graduates
  • 43:49in going out there and and
  • 43:51working with LGBTQ folks.
  • 43:54Yeah, I mean, I mean,
  • 43:55so many folks are afraid of
  • 43:57getting it wrong that they don't do anything.
  • 44:00And I think that's the worst
  • 44:02thing to do most folks.
  • 44:04I I have been so forgiving of my providers.
  • 44:07In fact, I was telling you it was not
  • 44:09until I think 5 or 10 years ago that
  • 44:11I had my first provider who I was
  • 44:12not their first trans patient, right.
  • 44:14Like we are so used to to to being
  • 44:19a teacher of the folks who provide
  • 44:22our care that we are just human
  • 44:26beings who want to be respected and
  • 44:29seen and and and knowing that you.
  • 44:32Might slip up but you're going to get
  • 44:35in there is going to be making making
  • 44:38it's going to make the world of a of
  • 44:41difference for your patients so so
  • 44:42don't don't be so scared of getting
  • 44:45it wrong that you don't don't start
  • 44:48so you might have everybody stumbles.
  • 44:51We all do in whatever care we're
  • 44:53providing as parents as as.
  • 44:56As providers as healthcare providers
  • 44:59but but that just makes you better
  • 45:01you learn and and you and you become
  • 45:04stronger and and better for it so
  • 45:06so ultimately I think so many folks
  • 45:08right now especially with the trans
  • 45:10issue with when it comes to trans
  • 45:13people who we are what we need are so
  • 45:15scared of getting something wrong that
  • 45:17they're just not saying anything and.
  • 45:20You you're hearing so much from folks who
  • 45:23know exactly what they're getting wrong
  • 45:25and and are doing that deliberately.
  • 45:28So please,
  • 45:28please just speak up and give it a shot
  • 45:32because we need more folks in that space.
  • 45:35Thank you. That's so important.
  • 45:36There is so much disinformation
  • 45:38and folks continue to say it.
  • 45:40The same thing and and are hurt a lot.
  • 45:43So I think you know yeah getting
  • 45:44in there and and being supportive
  • 45:46of folks and providing good
  • 45:48cares is really important.
  • 45:49I'm going to pause.
  • 45:50Do we have any questions from the.