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Jason L. Schwartz, PhD

Associate Professor of Public Health (Health Policy); Associate Professor in the History of Medicine, and Associate Professor in the Institution for Social and Policy Studies; Affiliated Faculty, Yale Institute for Global Health

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Research Summary

Dr. Schwartz's research on public health policy, history, and ethics focuses on vaccines and vaccination programs, decision-making in public health policy, and the structure and function of scientific expert advice to government. His general research interest is in the ways in which evidence is interpreted, evaluated, and translated into regulation and policy in medicine and public health. Among his current research projects is an examination of how policy-makers, regulators, physicians, and patients evaluate and respond to the risks, benefits, and costs of vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and other medical technologies.

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Research Interests

Health Policy; History of Medicine; Public Health; Risk; Sociology, Medical; Vaccination; Evidence-Based Medicine; Biostatistics

Public Health Interests

Bioethics; Cancer; Community Health; Global Health; Health Policy; History of Medicine and Science; Infectious Diseases; Maternal & Child Health; Vaccines; Health Equity, Disparities, Social Determinants and Justice; Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices; Regulatory Affairs; COVID-19

Selected Publications

The legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic for childhood vaccination in the USAOpel DJ, Brewer NT, Buttenheim AM, Callaghan T, Carpiano RM, Clinton C, Elharake JA, Flowers LC, Galvani AP, Hotez PJ, Schwartz JL, Benjamin RM, Caplan A, DiResta R, Lakshmanan R, Maldonado YA, Mello MM, Parmet WE, Salmon DA, Sharfstein JM, Omer SB. The legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic for childhood vaccination in the USA The Lancet 2022 PMID: 36309017, PMCID: PMC9605265, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01693-2.
Country immunization policies for refugees across 20 low-middle income and 20 high-income countriesElharake JA, Omer SB, Schwartz JL. Country immunization policies for refugees across 20 low-middle income and 20 high-income countries Vaccine 2022, 40: 6017-6022. PMID: 36123257, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.032.
Effectiveness of vaccination mandates in improving uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in the USAMello MM, Opel DJ, Benjamin RM, Callaghan T, DiResta R, Elharake JA, Flowers LC, Galvani AP, Salmon DA, Schwartz JL, Brewer NT, Buttenheim AM, Carpiano RM, Clinton C, Hotez PJ, Lakshmanan R, Maldonado YA, Omer SB, Sharfstein JM, Caplan A. Effectiveness of vaccination mandates in improving uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in the USA The Lancet 2022, 400: 535-538. PMID: 35817078, PMCID: PMC9270060, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00875-3.
Interventions to mitigate COVID-19 misinformation: protocol for a scoping reviewKumar N, Walter N, Nyhan K, Khoshnood K, Tucker JD, Bauch CT, Ding Q, Jones-Jang SM, De Choudhury M, Schwartz JL, Papakyriakopoulos O, Forastiere L. Interventions to mitigate COVID-19 misinformation: protocol for a scoping review Systematic Reviews 2022, 11: 107. PMID: 35637514, PMCID: PMC9148843, DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01917-4.
COVID-19 vaccine perceptions in the initial phases of US vaccine roll-out: an observational study on redditKumar N, Corpus I, Hans M, Harle N, Yang N, McDonald C, Sakai SN, Janmohamed K, Chen K, Altice FL, Tang W, Schwartz JL, Jones-Jang SM, Saha K, Memon SA, Bauch CT, Choudhury M, Papakyriakopoulos O, Tucker JD, Goyal A, Tyagi A, Khoshnood K, Omer S. COVID-19 vaccine perceptions in the initial phases of US vaccine roll-out: an observational study on reddit BMC Public Health 2022, 22: 446. PMID: 35255881, PMCID: PMC8899002, DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12824-7.
Incentives for COVID-19 vaccinationBrewer NT, Buttenheim AM, Clinton CV, Mello MM, Benjamin RM, Callaghan T, Caplan A, Carpiano RM, DiResta R, Elharake JA, Flowers LC, Galvani AP, Hotez PJ, Lakshmanan R, Maldonado YA, Omer SB, Salmon DA, Schwartz JL, Sharfstein JM, Opel DJ. Incentives for COVID-19 vaccination The Lancet Regional Health - Americas 2022, 8: 100205. PMID: 35229080, PMCID: PMC8866051, DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100205.
Understanding the Factors Influencing Health Care Provider Recommendations about Adolescent Vaccines: A Proposed FrameworkEllingson MK, Bednarczyk RA, O’Leary S, Schwartz JL, Shapiro ED, Niccolai LM. Understanding the Factors Influencing Health Care Provider Recommendations about Adolescent Vaccines: A Proposed Framework Journal Of Behavioral Medicine 2022, 1-10. PMID: 35194726, PMCID: PMC8862696, DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00296-4.
JUE Insight: Distributional Impacts of Retail Vaccine Availability.Chevalier JA, Schwartz JL, Su Y, Williams KR. JUE Insight: Distributional Impacts of Retail Vaccine Availability. Journal Of Urban Economics 2022, 127: 103382. PMID: 34538973, PMCID: PMC8437756, DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2021.103382.
Promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: recommendations from the Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal, Acceptance, and Demand in the USAOmer SB, Benjamin RM, Brewer NT, Buttenheim AM, Callaghan T, Caplan A, Carpiano RM, Clinton C, DiResta R, Elharake JA, Flowers LC, Galvani AP, Lakshmanan R, Maldonado YA, McFadden SM, Mello MM, Opel DJ, Reiss DR, Salmon DA, Schwartz JL, Sharfstein JM, Hotez PJ. Promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: recommendations from the Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal, Acceptance, and Demand in the USA The Lancet 2021, 398: 2186-2192. PMID: 34793741, PMCID: PMC8592561, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02507-1.
COVID-19 Vaccination of Minors Without Parental ConsentMorgan L, Schwartz JL, Sisti DA. COVID-19 Vaccination of Minors Without Parental Consent JAMA Pediatrics 2021, 175: 995-996. PMID: 34251411, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1855.
Assessing COVID-19 Prevention Strategies to Permit the Safe Opening of Residential Colleges in Fall 2021Paltiel AD, Schwartz JL. Assessing COVID-19 Prevention Strategies to Permit the Safe Opening of Residential Colleges in Fall 2021 Annals Of Internal Medicine 2021, 174: m21-2965. PMID: 34461034, PMCID: PMC8422997, DOI: 10.7326/m21-2965.
Future of covid-19 vaccine pricing: lessons from influenzaRamachandran R, Dhodapkar M, Ross JS, Schwartz JL. Future of covid-19 vaccine pricing: lessons from influenza The BMJ 2021, 373: n1467. PMID: 34158283, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n1467.
Characteristics of Preapproval and Postapproval Studies of Vaccines Granted Accelerated Approval by the US Food and Drug AdministrationEgilman A, Wallach JD, Puthumana J, Zhang AD, Schwartz JL, Ross JS. Characteristics of Preapproval and Postapproval Studies of Vaccines Granted Accelerated Approval by the US Food and Drug Administration Journal Of General Internal Medicine 2021, 36: 3281-3284. PMID: 34131876, PMCID: PMC8205312, DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06943-x.
Speed, Evidence, and Safety Characteristics of Vaccine Approvals by the US Food and Drug AdministrationPuthumana J, Egilman AC, Zhang AD, Schwartz JL, Ross JS. Speed, Evidence, and Safety Characteristics of Vaccine Approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration JAMA Internal Medicine 2021, 181: 559-560. PMID: 33170923, PMCID: PMC7656319, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.7472.
Demographic Characteristics of Participants in Trials Essential to US Food and Drug Administration Vaccine Approvals, 2010–2020Zhang AD, Puthumana J, Egilman AC, Schwartz JL, Ross JS. Demographic Characteristics of Participants in Trials Essential to US Food and Drug Administration Vaccine Approvals, 2010–2020 Journal Of General Internal Medicine 2021, 37: 700-702. PMID: 33660209, PMCID: PMC7928194, DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06670-3.
Announcing the Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal, Acceptance, and Demand in the USACommissioners of the Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal A, Hotez P, Cooney R, Benjamin R, Brewer N, Buttenheim A, Callaghan T, Caplan A, Carpiano R, Clinton C, DiResta R, Elharake J, Flowers L, Galvani A, Lakshmanan R, Maldonado Y, McFadden S, Mello M, Opel D, Reiss D, Salmon D, Schwartz J, Sharfstein J, Omer S. Announcing the Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal, Acceptance, and Demand in the USA The Lancet 2021, 397: 1165-1167. PMID: 33639088, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00372-x.
Speed Versus Efficacy: Quantifying Potential Tradeoffs in COVID-19 Vaccine DeploymentPaltiel AD, Zheng A, Schwartz JL. Speed Versus Efficacy: Quantifying Potential Tradeoffs in COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment Annals Of Internal Medicine 2021, 174: m20-7866. PMID: 33395345, PMCID: PMC7787166, DOI: 10.7326/m20-7866.
Shared Decision-Making and Prevention Recommendations: Evolution, Implications, and Challenges for Public Health.Lawrence JC, Schwartz JL. Shared Decision-Making and Prevention Recommendations: Evolution, Implications, and Challenges for Public Health. The Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics : A Journal Of The American Society Of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2021, 49: 444-452. PMID: 34665095, DOI: 10.1017/jme.2021.65.
Equitable global access to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines.Schwartz JL. Equitable global access to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 2020, 371: m4735. PMID: 33323384, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m4735.
Clinical Outcomes Of A COVID-19 Vaccine: Implementation Over EfficacyPaltiel AD, Schwartz JL, Zheng A, Walensky RP. Clinical Outcomes Of A COVID-19 Vaccine: Implementation Over Efficacy Health Affairs 2020, 40: 42-52. PMID: 33211536, PMCID: PMC7931245, DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.02054.
Evaluating and Deploying Covid-19 Vaccines — The Importance of Transparency, Scientific Integrity, and Public TrustSchwartz JL. Evaluating and Deploying Covid-19 Vaccines — The Importance of Transparency, Scientific Integrity, and Public Trust New England Journal Of Medicine 2020, 383: 1703-1705. PMID: 32966716, DOI: 10.1056/nejmp2026393.
Immune to addiction: the ethical dimensions of vaccines against substance abuseYoung M, Sisti D, Rimon-Greenspan H, Schwartz J, Caplan A. Immune to addiction: the ethical dimensions of vaccines against substance abuse 2020, 91-94. DOI: 10.4324/9781003074984-6.
Evaluation of Cancer Care After Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care ActSalazar MC, Canavan ME, Walters SL, Herrin J, Schwartz JL, Leapman M, Boffa DJ. Evaluation of Cancer Care After Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act JAMA Network Open 2020, 3: e2017544. PMID: 32990734, PMCID: PMC7525361, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17544.
Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine Policies and Recommendations at U.S. Colleges and UniversitiesSchwartz JL, Lawrence JC. Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine Policies and Recommendations at U.S. Colleges and Universities American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 2020, 59: 618-619. PMID: 32843279, DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.025.
The Vaccines for Children Program at 25 - Access, Affordability, and Sustainability.Schwartz JL, Colgrove J. The Vaccines for Children Program at 25 - Access, Affordability, and Sustainability. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2020, 382: 2277-2279. PMID: 32521131, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2000891.
Association Between Food and Drug Administration Advisory Committee Recommendations and Agency Actions, 2008–2015ZHANG AD, SCHWARTZ JL, ROSS JS. Association Between Food and Drug Administration Advisory Committee Recommendations and Agency Actions, 2008–2015 Milbank Quarterly 2019, 97: 796-819. PMID: 31304643, PMCID: PMC6739629, DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12403.
The Spanish Flu, Epidemics, and the Turn to Biomedical Responses.Schwartz JL. The Spanish Flu, Epidemics, and the Turn to Biomedical Responses. American Journal Of Public Health 2018, 108: 1455-1458. PMID: 30252511, PMCID: PMC6187783, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304581.
Costs, Consequences, and Policy Responses of Vaccine-Preventable Disease OutbreaksSchwartz JL. Costs, Consequences, and Policy Responses of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Outbreaks JAMA Pediatrics 2018, 172: 805-807. PMID: 30073255, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2238.
Real-World Evidence, Public Participation, and the FDA.Schwartz JL. Real-World Evidence, Public Participation, and the FDA. The Hastings Center Report 2017, 47: 7-8. PMID: 29171057, DOI: 10.1002/hast.779.
Vaccines and the Trump Administration-Reasons for Optimism Amid Uncertainty.Schwartz JL. Vaccines and the Trump Administration-Reasons for Optimism Amid Uncertainty. American Journal Of Public Health 2017, 107: 1892-1893. PMID: 29048968, PMCID: PMC5678397, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.304111.
Using campaigns to improve perceptions of the value of adult vaccination in the United States: Health communication considerations and insightsNowak GJ, Shen AK, Schwartz JL. Using campaigns to improve perceptions of the value of adult vaccination in the United States: Health communication considerations and insights Vaccine 2017, 35: 5543-5550. PMID: 28886947, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.064.
Achieving an Optimal Childhood Vaccine PolicyOpel DJ, Schwartz JL, Omer SB, Silverman R, Duchin J, Kodish E, Diekema DS, Marcuse EK, Orenstein W. Achieving an Optimal Childhood Vaccine Policy JAMA Pediatrics 2017, 171: 893-896. PMID: 28672396, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1868.
84 EthicsCaplan A, Schwartz J. 84 Ethics 2017, 1631-1637.e2. PMCID: PMC7151924, DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35761-6.00084-5.
A Broader Bioethics: Topic Selection and the Impact of National Bioethics Commissions.Schwartz JL. A Broader Bioethics: Topic Selection and the Impact of National Bioethics Commissions. The Hastings Center Report 2017, 47 Suppl 1: S17-S19. PMID: 28543649, PMCID: PMC6617797, DOI: 10.1002/hast.713.
The Uncertain Future of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination School RequirementsSchwartz JL. The Uncertain Future of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination School Requirements Pediatrics 2016, 138: e20163097. PMID: 27940739, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-3097.
Fifty Years of Expert Advice — Pharmaceutical Regulation and the Legacy of the Drug Efficacy StudySchwartz JL. Fifty Years of Expert Advice — Pharmaceutical Regulation and the Legacy of the Drug Efficacy Study New England Journal Of Medicine 2016, 375: 2015-2017. PMID: 27959733, DOI: 10.1056/nejmp1609763.
State-Level Voting Patterns and Adolescent Vaccination Coverage in the United States, 2014.Bernstein S, North A, Schwartz J, Niccolai LM. State-Level Voting Patterns and Adolescent Vaccination Coverage in the United States, 2014. American Journal Of Public Health 2016, 106: 1879-81. PMID: 27552268, PMCID: PMC5024388, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303381.
Vaccine Pricing and US Immunization PoliciesSchwartz JL. Vaccine Pricing and US Immunization Policies JAMA 2016, 316: 226-226. PMID: 27404201, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.6307.
When Not All That Counts Can Be Counted: Economic Evaluations And The Value Of VaccinationSchwartz JL, Mahmoud A. When Not All That Counts Can Be Counted: Economic Evaluations And The Value Of Vaccination Health Affairs 2016, 35: 208-211. PMID: 26858371, DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1438.
The Missions of National Commissions: Mapping the Forms and Functions of Bioethics Advisory Bodies.Schmidt H, Schwartz JL. The Missions of National Commissions: Mapping the Forms and Functions of Bioethics Advisory Bodies. Kennedy Institute Of Ethics Journal 2016, 26: 431-456. PMID: 28533498, DOI: 10.1353/ken.2016.0037.
State Vaccination Requirements for HPV and Other Vaccines for Adolescents, 1990-2015.Schwartz JL, Easterling LA. State Vaccination Requirements for HPV and Other Vaccines for Adolescents, 1990-2015. JAMA 2015, 314: 185-6. PMID: 26172898, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.6041.
A half-century of prevention--the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.Schwartz JL, Mahmoud A. A half-century of prevention--the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2014, 371: 1953-6. PMID: 25409366, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1410049.
"Model" patients and the consequences of provider responses to vaccine hesitancy.Schwartz JL. "Model" patients and the consequences of provider responses to vaccine hesitancy. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2013, 9: 2663-5. PMID: 24018350, PMCID: PMC4162040, DOI: 10.4161/hv.26371.
Rotavirus vaccines, intussusception, and risk-benefit assessments.Schwartz JL. Rotavirus vaccines, intussusception, and risk-benefit assessments. JAMA Pediatrics 2013, 167: 1093-4. PMID: 24100526, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3771.
Evidence and ethics in mandatory vaccination policies.Schwartz JL. Evidence and ethics in mandatory vaccination policies. The American Journal Of Bioethics : AJOB 2013, 13: 46-8. PMID: 23952835, DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2013.815023.
78 EthicsCaplan A, Schwartz J. 78 Ethics 2013, 1508-1513. DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0090-5.00078-1.
The first rotavirus vaccine and the politics of acceptable risk.Schwartz JL. The first rotavirus vaccine and the politics of acceptable risk. The Milbank Quarterly 2012, 90: 278-310. PMID: 22709389, PMCID: PMC3460207, DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00664.x.
Immune to addiction: the ethical dimensions of vaccines against substance abuseYoung MJ, Sisti DA, Rimon-Greenspan H, Schwartz JL, Caplan AL. Immune to addiction: the ethical dimensions of vaccines against substance abuse Nature Immunology 2012, 13: 521-524. PMID: 22610239, DOI: 10.1038/ni.2321.
New media, old messages: themes in the history of vaccine hesitancy and refusal.Schwartz JL. New media, old messages: themes in the history of vaccine hesitancy and refusal. The Virtual Mentor : VM 2012, 14: 50-5. PMID: 23116917, DOI: 10.1001/virtualmentor.2012.14.1.mhst1-1201.
Vaccination Refusal: Ethics, Individual Rights, and the Common GoodSchwartz JL, Caplan AL. Vaccination Refusal: Ethics, Individual Rights, and the Common Good Primary Care Clinics In Office Practice 2011, 38: 717-728. PMID: 22094142, DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2011.07.009.
Ethics of vaccination programsSchwartz JL, Caplan AL. Ethics of vaccination programs Current Opinion In Virology 2011, 1: 263-267. PMID: 22440783, DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.05.009.
HPV vaccination's second act: promotion, competition, and compulsion.Schwartz JL. HPV vaccination's second act: promotion, competition, and compulsion. American Journal Of Public Health 2010, 100: 1841-4. PMID: 20724671, PMCID: PMC2936995, DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.193060.
Lessons from the Failure of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine State RequirementsSchwartz JL, Caplan AL, Faden RR, Sugarman J. Lessons from the Failure of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine State Requirements Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2007, 82: 760-763. PMID: 17971822, DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100397.
Publicationslist and links available at http://jschwartz.yale.edu/publications/index.aspx

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Jason L. Schwartz, PhD

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