Robert King, MD
Emeritus Professor in the Child Study CenterCards
About
Research
Publications
2025
Sex Differences in Natural History and Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Tic Disorders
Dy-Hollins M, Chibnik L, Tracy N, Osiecki L, Budman C, Cath D, Grados M, King R, Lyon G, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Singer H, Sharma N, Mathews C, Scharf J. Sex Differences in Natural History and Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Tic Disorders. Neurology 2025, 104: e210249. PMID: 39813627, PMCID: PMC11735146, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000210249.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeTic disordersTime to diagnosisSex differencesVocal tic disorderLonger time to diagnosisGeneralized estimating equation regression modelsSymptom onsetAnalyze sex differencesEquation regression modelsTic severityClinical measuresTouretteParticipantsRegression modelsFamily relationshipsPersistent motorSymptomsDisordersResearch studies
2024
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Stereotypical Movement Disorders and Tic Disorders
Vitulano L, Vitulano M, King R, Yazgan M, Leckman J. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Stereotypical Movement Disorders and Tic Disorders. 2024, 1685-1707. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_45.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDevelopmental coordination disorderStereotypic movement disorderTic disordersCoordination disorderMotor skillsBest practice assessmentsNeurodevelopmental disorder groupMotor disordersMovement disordersSelf-bitingHead bangingNeurobiological disorderMotor behaviorHand flappingDisordersPractical assessmentEarly-onsetNonrhythmic movementsChildrenGroup of conditionsJerking movementsMagnetic resonance imaging techniquesSkillsIndividualsThe Challenge of Examining Social Determinants of Health in People Living With Tourette Syndrome
Dy-Hollins M, Carr S, Essa A, Osiecki L, Lackland D, Voeks J, Mejia N, Sharma N, Budman C, Cath D, Grados M, King R, Lyon G, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Singer H, Chibnik L, Mathews C, Scharf J. The Challenge of Examining Social Determinants of Health in People Living With Tourette Syndrome. Pediatric Neurology 2024, 155: 55-61. PMID: 38608551, PMCID: PMC11132913, DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.02.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchParental educational attainmentEthnic minority groupsEducational attainmentSocial determinants of healthExamining social determinants of healthNon-Hispanic white individualsDeterminants of healthDiagnosis ageNon-Hispanic whitesMinority groupsHispanic individualsWhite individualsSignificant disparitiesLogistic regressionParental educationNon-whiteComorbid conditionsNon-parametric testsEthnicityGroup differencesSymptom onsetOutcomesParticipantsResearch studiesTourette syndrome
2023
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Stereotypical Movement Disorders and Tic Disorders
Vitulano L, Vitulano M, King R, Yazgan M, Leckman J. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Stereotypical Movement Disorders and Tic Disorders. 2023, 1-23. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_45-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchStereotypic movement disorderTic disordersDevelopmental coordination disorderMovement disordersMotor disordersCoordination disorderMotor skillsNeurodevelopmental disorder groupMagnetic resonance imaging techniquesBest practice assessmentHead bangingHand flappingNeurobiological disorderDisorder groupMotor behaviorDisordersNonrhythmic movementsSuch childrenPractice assessmentUnwanted attentionChildrenImaging techniquesSkillsYearsRecurrentGenome-Wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Tsetsos F, Topaloudi A, Jain P, Yang Z, Yu D, Kolovos P, Tumer Z, Rizzo R, Hartmann A, Depienne C, Worbe Y, Müller-Vahl K, Cath D, Boomsma D, Wolanczyk T, Zekanowski C, Barta C, Nemoda Z, Tarnok Z, Padmanabhuni S, Buxbaum J, Grice D, Glennon J, Stefansson H, Hengerer B, Yannaki E, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Benaroya-Milshtein N, Cardona F, Hedderly T, Heyman I, Huyser C, Mir P, Morer A, Mueller N, Munchau A, Plessen K, Porcelli C, Roessner V, Walitza S, Schrag A, Martino D, Group T, TSAICG T, Barr C, Batterson J, Berlin C, Budman C, Coppola G, Cox N, Darrow S, Dion Y, Freimer N, Grados M, Greenberg E, Hirschtritt M, Huang A, Illmann C, King R, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Lyon G, Malaty I, McMahon W, Neale B, Okun M, Osiecki L, Robertson M, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Singer H, Smit J, Sul J, Initiative T, Androutsos C, Basha E, Farkas L, Fichna J, Janik P, Kapisyzi M, Karagiannidis I, Koumoula A, Nagy P, Puchala J, Szejko N, Szymanska U, Tsironi V, Group T, Apter A, Ball J, Bodmer B, Bognar E, Buse J, Vela M, Fremer C, Garcia-Delgar B, Gulisano M, Hagen A, Hagstrøm J, Madruga-Garrido M, Pellico A, Ruhrman D, Schnell J, Silvestri P, Skov L, Steinberg T, Gloor F, Turner V, Weidinger E, Network T, Alexander J, Aranyi T, Buisman W, Buitelaar J, Driessen N, Drineas P, Fan S, Forde N, Gerasch S, van den Heuvel O, Jespersgaard C, Kanaan A, Möller H, Nawaz M, Nespoli E, Pagliaroli L, Poelmans G, Pouwels P, Rizzo F, Veltman D, van der Werf Y, Widomska J, Zilhäo N, Group T, Brown L, Cheon K, Coffey B, Fernandez T, Gilbert D, Hong H, Ibanez-Gomez L, Kim E, Kim Y, Kim Y, Koh Y, Kook S, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Maras A, Murphy T, Shin E, Song D, Song J, State M, Visscher F, Wang S, Zinner S, Tischfield J, Heiman G, Willsey A, Dietrich A, Davis L, Crowley J, Mathews C, Scharf J, Georgitsi M, Hoekstra P, Paschou P. Genome-Wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2023, 96: 114-124. PMID: 36738982, PMCID: PMC10783199, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExpression quantitative trait lociGenome-wide significant lociWide association study dataComplex genetic architectureQuantitative trait lociAssociation study dataGenetic architectureTrait lociChromosome 5q15Significant lociSignificant enrichmentLociNovel insightsNeurodevelopmental disordersChildhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorderHistonesRNAsGenesPolygenic riskFuture studiesEnrichment
2022
Characterization of human basal ganglia organoids
Brady M, Mariani J, Koca Y, Szekely A, King R, Bloch M, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman J, Vaccarino F. Characterization of human basal ganglia organoids. Molecular Psychiatry 2022, 27: 4823-4823. PMID: 36536052, DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01914-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMispatterning and interneuron deficit in Tourette Syndrome basal ganglia organoids
Brady M, Mariani J, Koca Y, Szekely A, King R, Bloch M, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman J, Vaccarino F. Mispatterning and interneuron deficit in Tourette Syndrome basal ganglia organoids. Molecular Psychiatry 2022, 27: 5007-5019. PMID: 36447010, PMCID: PMC9949887, DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01880-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeInterneuron deficitsGABAergic interneuronsHealthy controlsNeurodevelopmental underpinningsNeuropathological deficitsBG circuitryNeuropsychiatric disordersDecreased differentiationT patientsInterneuronsAltered expressionPotential mechanismsCilia disruptionSonic hedgehogOrganoidsStem cellsTS individualsPluripotent stem cellsGli transcription factorsDeficitsOrganoid differentiationEarly stagesCholinergicPatientsPhenomenology of Tics and Sensory Urges
Leckman J, Bloch M, Sukhodolsky D, Artukoğlu B, Scahill L, King R. Phenomenology of Tics and Sensory Urges. 2022, 6-25. DOI: 10.1093/med/9780197543214.003.0002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComprehensive Assessment Strategies
King R, Landeros-Weisenberger A. Comprehensive Assessment Strategies. 2022, 335-342. DOI: 10.1093/med/9780197543214.003.0020.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2019
Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders
Consortium C, Lee P, Anttila V, Won H, Feng Y, Rosenthal J, Zhu Z, Tucker-Drob E, Nivard M, Grotzinger A, Posthuma D, Wang M, Yu D, Stahl E, Walters R, Anney R, Duncan L, Ge T, Adolfsson R, Banaschewski T, Belangero S, Cook E, Coppola G, Derks E, Hoekstra P, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A, Kirov G, Kranzler H, Luykx J, Rohde L, Zai C, Agerbo E, Arranz M, Asherson P, Bækvad-Hansen M, Baldursson G, Bellgrove M, Belliveau R, Buitelaar J, Burton C, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Casas M, Cerrato F, Chambert K, Churchhouse C, Cormand B, Crosbie J, Dalsgaard S, Demontis D, Doyle A, Dumont A, Elia J, Grove J, Gudmundsson O, Haavik J, Hakonarson H, Hansen C, Hartman C, Hawi Z, Hervás A, Hougaard D, Howrigan D, Huang H, Kuntsi J, Langley K, Lesch K, Leung P, Loo S, Martin J, Martin A, McGough J, Medland S, Moran J, Mors O, Mortensen P, Oades R, Palmer D, Pedersen C, Pedersen M, Peters T, Poterba T, Poulsen J, Ramos-Quiroga J, Reif A, Ribasés M, Rothenberger A, Rovira P, Sánchez-Mora C, Satterstrom F, Schachar R, Artigas M, Steinberg S, Stefansson H, Turley P, Walters G, Team 2, Werge T, Zayats T, Arking D, Bettella F, Buxbaum J, Christensen J, Collins R, Coon H, De Rubeis S, Delorme R, Grice D, Hansen T, Holmans P, Hope S, Hultman C, Klei L, Ladd-Acosta C, Magnusson P, Nærland T, Nyegaard M, Pinto D, Qvist P, Rehnström K, Reichenberg A, Reichert J, Roeder K, Rouleau G, Saemundsen E, Sanders S, Sandin S, St Pourcain B, Stefansson K, Sutcliffe J, Talkowski M, Weiss L, Willsey A, Agartz I, Akil H, Albani D, Alda M, Als T, Anjorin A, Backlund L, Bass N, Bauer M, Baune B, Bellivier F, Bergen S, Berrettini W, Biernacka J, Blackwood D, Bøen E, Budde M, Bunney W, Burmeister M, Byerley W, Byrne E, Cichon S, Clarke T, Coleman J, Craddock N, Curtis D, Czerski P, Dale A, Dalkner N, Dannlowski U, Degenhardt F, Di Florio A, Elvsåshagen T, Etain B, Fischer S, Forstner A, Forty L, Frank J, Frye M, Fullerton J, Gade K, Gaspar H, Gershon E, Gill M, Goes F, Gordon S, Gordon-Smith K, Green M, Greenwood T, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Guzman-Parra J, Hauser J, Hautzinger M, Heilbronner U, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Holland D, Jamain S, Jones I, Jones L, Kandaswamy R, Kelsoe J, Kennedy J, Joachim O, Kittel-Schneider S, Kogevinas M, Koller A, Lavebratt C, Lewis C, Li Q, Lissowska J, Loohuis L, Lucae S, Maaser A, Malt U, Martin N, Martinsson L, McElroy S, McMahon F, McQuillin A, Melle I, Metspalu A, Millischer V, Mitchell P, Montgomery G, Morken G, Morris D, Müller-Myhsok B, Mullins N, Myers R, Nievergelt C, Nordentoft M, Adolfsson A, Nöthen M, Ophoff R, Owen M, Paciga S, Pato C, Pato M, Perlis R, Perry A, Potash J, Reinbold C, Rietschel M, Rivera M, Roberson M, Schalling M, Schofield P, Schulze T, Scott L, Serretti A, Sigurdsson E, Smeland O, Stordal E, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Thorgeirsson T, Treutlein J, Turecki G, Vaaler A, Vieta E, Vincent J, Wang Y, Witt S, Zandi P, Adan R, Alfredsson L, Ando T, Aschauer H, Baker J, Bencko V, Bergen A, Birgegård A, Perica V, Brandt H, Burghardt R, Carlberg L, Cassina M, Clementi M, Courtet P, Crawford S, Crow S, Crowley J, Danner U, Davis O, Degortes D, DeSocio J, Dick D, Dina C, Docampo E, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Espeseth T, Fernández-Aranda F, Fichter M, Foretova L, Forzan M, Gambaro G, Giegling I, Gonidakis F, Gorwood P, Mayora M, Guo Y, Halmi K, Hatzikotoulas K, Hebebrand J, Helder S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Hinney A, Imgart H, Jiménez-Murcia S, Johnson C, Jordan J, Julià A, Kaminská D, Karhunen L, Karwautz A, Kas M, Kaye W, Kennedy M, Kim Y, Klareskog L, Klump K, Knudsen G, Landén M, Le Hellard S, Levitan R, Li D, Lichtenstein P, Maj M, Marsal S, McDevitt S, Mitchell J, Monteleone P, Monteleone A, Munn-Chernoff M, Nacmias B, Navratilova M, O’Toole J, Padyukov L, Pantel J, Papezova H, Rabionet R, Raevuori A, Ramoz N, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ricca V, Roberts M, Rujescu D, Rybakowski F, Scherag A, Schmidt U, Seitz J, Slachtova L, Landt M, Slopien A, Sorbi S, Southam L, Strober M, Tortorella A, Tozzi F, Treasure J, Tziouvas K, van Elburg A, Wade T, Wagner G, Walton E, Watson H, Wichmann H, Woodside D, Zeggini E, Zerwas S, Zipfel S, Adams M, Andlauer T, Berger K, Binder E, Boomsma D, Castelao E, Colodro-Conde L, Direk N, Docherty A, Domenici E, Domschke K, Dunn E, Foo J, de. Geus E, Grabe H, Hamilton S, Horn C, Hottenga J, Howard D, Ising M, Kloiber S, Levinson D, Lewis G, Magnusson P, Mbarek H, Middeldorp C, Mostafavi S, Nyholt D, Penninx B, Peterson R, Pistis G, Porteous D, Preisig M, Quiroz J, Schaefer C, Schulte E, Shi J, Smith D, Thomson P, Tiemeier H, Uher R, van der Auwera S, Weissman M, Alexander M, Begemann M, Bramon E, Buccola N, Cairns M, Campion D, Carr V, Cloninger C, Cohen D, Collier D, Corvin A, DeLisi L, Donohoe G, Dudbridge F, Duan J, Freedman R, Gejman P, Golimbet V, Godard S, Ehrenreich H, Hartmann A, Henskens F, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Jablensky A, Joa I, Jönsson E, Kelly B, Knight J, Konte B, Laurent-Levinson C, Lee J, Lencz T, Lerer B, Loughland C, Malhotra A, Mallet J, McDonald C, Mitjans M, Mowry B, Murphy K, Murray R, O’Neill F, Oh S, Palotie A, Pantelis C, Pulver A, Consortium P, Petryshen T, Quested D, Riley B, Sanders A, Schall U, Schwab S, Scott R, Sham P, Silverman J, Sim K, Steixner A, Tooney P, van Os J, Vawter P, Walsh D, Weiser M, Wildenauer D, Williams N, Wormley B, Consortium W, Zhang F, Androutsos C, Arnold P, Barr C, Barta C, Bey K, Bienvenu O, Black D, Brown L, Budman C, Cath D, Cheon K, Ciullo V, Coffey B, Cusi D, Davis L, Denys D, Depienne C, Dietrich A, Eapen V, Falkai P, Fernandez T, Garcia-Delgar B, Geller D, Gilbert D, Grados M, Greenberg E, Grünblatt E, Hagstrøm J, Hanna G, Hartmann A, Hedderly T, Heiman G, Heyman I, Hong H, Huang A, Huyser C, Ibanez-Gomez L, Khramtsova E, Kim Y, Kim Y, King R, Koh Y, Konstantinidis A, Kook S, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Lochner C, Ludolph A, Madruga-Garrido M, Malaty I, Maras A, McCracken J, Meijer I, Mir P, Morer A, Müller-Vahl K, Münchau A, Murphy T, Naarden A, Nagy P, Nestadt G, Nestadt P, Nicolini H, Nurmi E, Okun M, Paschou P, Piras F, Piras F, Pittenger C, Plessen K, Richter M, Rizzo R, Robertson M, Roessner V, Ruhrmann S, Samuels J, Sandor P, Schlögelhofer M, Shin E, Singer H, Song D, Song J, Spalletta G, Stein D, Stewart S, Storch E, Stranger B, Stuhrmann M, Tarnok Z, Tischfield J, Tübing J, Visscher F, Vulink N, Wagner M, Walitza S, Wanderer S, Woods M, Worbe Y, Zai G, Zinner S, Sullivan P, Franke B, Daly M, Bulik C, McIntosh A, O’Donovan M, Zheutlin A, Andreassen O, Børglum A, Breen G, Edenberg H, Fanous A, Faraone S, Gelernter J, Mathews C, Mattheisen M, Mitchell K, Neale M, Nurnberger J, Ripke S, Santangelo S, Scharf J, Stein M, Thornton L, Walters J, Wray N, Geschwind D, Neale B, Kendler K, Smoller J. Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders. Cell 2019, 179: 1469-1482.e11. PMID: 31835028, PMCID: PMC7077032, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.020.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
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