Implantable Electronic Stimulation Devices from Head to Sacrum: Imaging Features and Functions
Sterman J, Cunqueiro A, Dym RJ, Spektor M, Lipton ML, Revzin MV, Scheinfeld MH. Implantable Electronic Stimulation Devices from Head to Sacrum: Imaging Features and Functions. RadioGraphics 2019, 39: 1056-1074. PMID: 31283461, DOI: 10.1148/rg.2019180088.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNerve stimulation deviceEnd organsStimulation deviceSubcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillatorSacral nerve stimulation deviceSecond-line therapyNormal imaging appearanceTreatment of gastroparesisDeep gray nucleiImplantable cardioverter defibrillatorGastric electrical stimulation devicesElectrical stimulation deviceCraniocaudal approachDefecatory functionCommon complicationNerve functionPhrenic nerveBack painDiaphragmatic movementImaging appearancesMovement disordersVenous systemCardioverter defibrillatorGray nucleiDBS electrodes