Community in a Time of Crisis Virtual Opening

March 09, 2021

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To CiteDCA Citation Guide

00:03Welcome welcome to our virtual opening
00:06of the Community in time of crisis,
00:10Yale New Haven HIV AIDS from 1981 to 1996.
00:14Thank you all for coming almost 300
00:18people RSVP's to be part of this
00:22celebration and I truly considered
00:24a celebration for those of us who
00:28lived through this time period.
00:31You will get a chance to hear
00:33from some of your colleagues.
00:36You have a slate of speakers
00:38who they will talk from.
00:40Personal experiences will be having the
00:42Dean talk and we will also be showing
00:45you a video of the virtue of virtual
00:48video of the actual exhibit itself.
00:51So again, thank you so much for being here.
00:54I hope you enjoy but also allow
00:57yourself to reflect back during this
00:59time period and allow yourself to feel.
01:02Whatever it is that you choose to feel.
01:05Now I would like to introduce
01:08our Dean Nancy Brown.
01:10She is a Dean of the School of Medicine.
01:14She is a professor in internal medicine.
01:17She graduated from Yale College and
01:20completed medical school at Harvard.
01:22She created her research portfolio
01:25around translational research,
01:26developing new pharmacological strategies
01:28to prevent basket disease in patients
01:31with high blood pressure and diabetes.
01:34Prior to coming to Yale.
01:36She was the chair of the Department
01:39of Internal Medicine at Vanderbilt,
01:41and their physician chief for the
01:45Vanderbilt University Hospital.
01:47The Dean's research has been recognized
01:49by the American Heart Association,
01:52the American Association of Hypertension,
01:54and the American Federation
01:56of Clinical Research.
01:58The Dean is a fellow in the American
02:01Association of Advancement Science,
02:03a member of the American Society
02:06of Clinical Investigation,
02:07the American Association of Physicians,
02:09and the National Academy of Medicine.
02:12Help me welcome, Dean Brown.
02:16Thank
02:16you and thank you all for joining us.
02:19I am so delighted to welcome you to this
02:22virtual opening of an important exhibit.
02:24At the beginning of 2019,
02:26the program for Art in public spaces began
02:29the task of evaluating the artwork in
02:32the School of Medicine's public spaces.
02:35The goal of this program is to ensure
02:37that our artwork reflects the diversity,
02:40history and accomplishments of
02:42the members of our community.
02:44This can be seen in Aperture 2.
02:47The latest in a series of portraits
02:49in the hallway leading to the
02:51Beaumont Room highlighting are women,
02:53faculty and self reflection.
02:55Featuring artwork created by faculty,
02:57students and staff.
02:58Currently on display on the 1st
03:01floor of Sterling Hall of Medicine
03:03outside the Medical Library.
03:05These exhibits have transformed our
03:08hallways with vibrant artwork about or by
03:11individuals who contribute to all that we do.
03:15Portraits of the late Deputy
03:16Dean Carolyn Slaman and renowned
03:18epidemiologist Dorothy horsemen,
03:20the first woman to be a full
03:22professor at Yale School of Medicine.
03:25Augment this work.
03:26Paying tribute to two important
03:28members of our faculty,
03:29but the portraits themselves.
03:32Speak as a style of artwork in an open NIS.
03:37Not seeing another portraits on our hallways.
03:42The opening of community in a time of crisis,
03:45Yale,
03:45New Haven and HIV aids further
03:48transforms a space at the heart
03:50of Sterling Hall of Medicine,
03:52the hallway outside the Deans office.
03:55The program for art in public spaces
03:59thus continues this work in telling
04:02the stories and history of our school.
04:06The exhibit explores a time
04:08not unlike our current time,
04:10in which we find ourselves.
04:12It showcases the journey from the
04:15beginning when the CDC published report
04:18about a puzzling an unnamed illness.
04:21Through the next 15 years,
04:23when many came together at Yale and in
04:26New Haven through research activism.
04:29Inpatient care to battle aids.
04:32This exhibit highlights 2
04:34qualities that enrich our school.
04:39One is the part of citizenship of
04:42our diverse community in our diverse
04:45community in New Haven, in particular,
04:47the other is collaboration among faculty,
04:50students, and Staffs.
04:53In terms of participating in creating
04:56this exhibit and featured in it.
04:58Shortly you will be hearing from
05:01some of the people who were at the
05:04front lines during a challenging time
05:06and his work shaped the progress.
05:09We have made an understanding
05:12and in treating HIV and AIDS.
05:15Before we begin the program,
05:17I would like to extend my thanks
05:19to Deputy Darren Latimore.
05:20I would also like to thank not only the
05:23committee but the graduate students
05:24in the history of science and Medicine
05:26program in the Department of History,
05:28who created this exhibit under the
05:30direction of Professor Naomi Rogers,
05:32the program for Art in public spaces.
05:34Executive Committee,
05:34as I said,
05:35which guided their work and the staff
05:37members of the Office of Communications
05:39who helped to bring it to fruition.
05:42Welcome everybody and enjoy.
05:49Thank you so much.
05:50Dean Brown and Dean Lattimore.
05:53If we can put up that next slide,
05:56I'm Anna Reisman.
05:58I Co direct perhaps the
06:00program from public spaces,
06:02along with Darren Lattimore and.
06:06I just wanted to draw your
06:09attention to this list of.
06:12Of people who were generous
06:14with their time and during the
06:18graduate student teams work,
06:20which I should say.
06:23Took place under unique circumstances.
06:25An really had the team lead
06:27were faced with all kinds of
06:29challenges early in the pandemic,
06:31which is when this began and really
06:33they were unable to do what they
06:35are here in Graduate School to
06:37do and to get into the archives.
06:40So almost every part of the research
06:42that led to this exhibit was done
06:44via zoom via phone interviews via
06:46Internet searching and the slide that
06:48you're looking at now includes many,
06:51many amazing people who the
06:52research team spoke with.
06:54Who were really,
06:55really generous with their time
06:56and and really made the exhibit
06:58what it is and you will hear
07:00from some of them today.
07:02First thing that we're going to do
07:04is show you a short video that is a
07:06walking tour of the physical exhibit,
07:08which is now displayed on the 2nd
07:10floor of Sterling Hall of Medicine,
07:12and it is narrated by Sarah Pickman
07:14who was the leader of the graduate
07:16student team and this runs for
07:18about four and a half minutes.
07:25Welcome to community.
07:27In a time of crisis, Yale,
07:29New Haven and HIV AIDS 1981 to 1996.
07:34This exhibition on display at the Yale
07:36School of Medicine tells the story of how
07:39the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s and early
07:411990s affected the people of New Haven,
07:44CT and how a group of individuals
07:46from Yale University and the
07:48surrounding community came together
07:49to fight this deadly disease.
07:51The exhibition was organized by the School of
07:54Medicine's Program for Art in Public Spaces,
07:56or perhaps a group of faculty,
07:58staff and trainees that works to
08:00ensure that art work in public
08:02areas that the School of Medicine.
08:04Reflects the mission, history,
08:06and diversity of the schools community.
08:08Community in a time of crisis was
08:10curated by 5 doctoral students from
08:12Yale's program in History of Science
08:15and Medicine in collaboration with Paps.
08:17The exhibition draws on materials
08:19from Yale University's archives,
08:21New Haven Newspapers,
08:22Scholarship on the AIDS epidemic,
08:23and conversations with individuals who
08:25are part of this history who generously
08:28gave their time and shared materials
08:31from their personal collections.
08:33The exhibition begins in 1981,
08:35the year that the US Centers for
08:37Disease Control and Prevention.
08:39First noted in an official publication,
08:41what soon came to be known as acquired
08:44immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS?
08:46Within the year it was clear that
08:48the disease was affecting many
08:50individuals in the New Haven area,
08:52including a disproportionate number of
08:54people of color and intravenous drug users.
08:56Due to a lack of access to healthcare,
08:59poverty and defecto segregation in the city.
09:01However,
09:02as in other places in the United States,
09:04there was no coordinated care response
09:06to AIDS in these early years.
09:09People with AIDS in the early 1980s
09:11faced not only a disease with no cure
09:14and no effective treatment options,
09:16but also discrimination and
09:17institutional indifference.
09:18In these desperate circumstances,
09:19a group of people affiliated with
09:21Yale and neighboring organizations
09:23in New Haven came together.
09:24They came from different backgrounds
09:26and had different sets of expertise,
09:28but they put their skills,
09:30energy and compassion together in
09:31creative ways to fight the ongoing crisis.
09:34This exhibition tells some of these stories.
09:37Community in a time of crisis is
09:39divided into several sections.
09:41In one section,
09:42the exhibition explores the role of
09:44several New Haven based organizations
09:47that provided resources ranging
09:49from counseling to meal delivery.
09:51To those affected by AIDS,
09:53sometimes in collaboration with Yale.
09:56Another section discuss is New Haven's
09:58groundbreaking needle exchange program,
10:00which Again,
10:00in the mid 1980s,
10:02a dedicated coalition of Yale and
10:04New Haven students,
10:05activists and physicians worked
10:07together to distribute clean syringes to
10:09intravenous drug users around New Haven.
10:11Yale researchers found that the
10:13needle exchange program dramatically
10:14cut infection rates in New Haven,
10:16and the program became a model for
10:19similar needle exchanges around the US.
10:23In the early years of the AIDS crisis,
10:26caregiving activism and harm reduction
10:27initiatives were just as powerful in
10:29fighting the disease as clinical treatments.
10:31Another section of this exhibition highlights
10:33Yale student activists who worked to
10:36raise awareness about the disease and
10:37the lack of a coordinated response to it,
10:40sometimes risking arrest.
10:41The exhibition also describes the
10:43dedicated and compassionate actions
10:44of Yale physicians, nurses,
10:46social workers and administrators who
10:48coordinated care for patients with
10:50AIDS in the 1980s and early 1990s,
10:52often working with limited resources
10:54and support,
10:55their work evolved in the mid 1990s
10:57with the introduction of combination
10:59therapies that transformed AIDS
11:01from a fatal illness into a chronic
11:04one that could be managed with
11:06medication and clinical support.
11:09Community in a time of crisis
11:10concludes with a discussion of
11:12the legacies of AIDS treatment,
11:14activism,
11:14research and care at Yale and in New Haven,
11:17as well as with a piece of original
11:19artwork inspired by the AIDS crisis and
11:21a special aids quilt that was created
11:23for the community organization AIDS Project.
11:25New Haven and generously
11:27lent by its caretaker.
11:29Even if you can't visit in person
11:31at the Yale School of Medicine,
11:33we encourage you to explore
11:34the exhibition's website.
11:35We hope you have enjoyed this brief
11:37introduction to the exhibition
11:38community in a time of crisis.
11:48OK so I am so pleased to move us into
11:52the second half of our opening event.
11:55Some of the people who contributed to
11:57this exhibit who played all kinds of
12:00roles in those early days are here today,
12:02and many are tuned in here today and
12:04we are honored that four of them
12:06have agreed to share some brief
12:08reflections about their experiences
12:09with AIDS and HIV and Community at
12:12Yale and in New Haven, then and now.
12:15I invite you to put your questions
12:18in the Q&A at the bottom of the zoom
12:21screen and we should have a little
12:24time at the end to take questions.
12:27I will start by introducing our
12:29first speaker, Edward Kaplan.
12:32Professor Kaplan is the William N Annemarie,
12:35a beach professor of operations research,
12:37public health and engineering at
12:39Yale University School of Management.
12:41His research in HIV prevention in general,
12:44and needle exchange in particular has been
12:47recognized with numerous research prices.
12:49Currently,
12:50he is working on responding to local
12:53coronavirus outbreaks and his advise
12:55the University as a member of yells,
12:57COVID-19 Public Health Committee.
13:02Go ahead at thank
13:04you very much. Anna Ann.
13:05I want to thank the exhibits curators,
13:08Christine, Megan, Sarah,
13:09Maya and Beans for creating this
13:12informative and deeply moving
13:13display and good evening everyone.
13:15It's so great to have you all here.
13:19In nineteen 9029% of the 200,000 US AIDS
13:23cases today were among drug injectors.
13:27But that percentage grew to 47% in
13:30Connecticut and 61% in the New Haven area.
13:34New Haven's signature response
13:36was the needle exchange program,
13:38and the exhibit documents
13:40how this program came about,
13:42how it was delivered,
13:44its scientific evaluation,
13:45and the public health policy consequences.
13:48I urge you to watch the
13:50needle exchange video,
13:52for you will see and hear from
13:54program clients outreach workers,
13:56the AIDS Division director,
13:57New Haven's Police Chief,
13:59and the researchers.
14:00The needle exchange was emblematic of
14:03how people came together to address
14:06the HIV AIDS crisis in New Haven.
14:09When it came to evaluating
14:10the needle exchange,
14:12necessity really was the mother of invention.
14:14Elaine O'Keefe,
14:15New Haven's AIDS Division director,
14:17prohibited conducting HIV
14:18tests on program clients.
14:19You see, there were no real treatments,
14:22no life preserving anti retroviral drugs,
14:24but receiving a positive test would add
14:27that is stigma of injecting drug use.
14:30In short,
14:30if clients were to be tested,
14:33there would have been no clients.
14:35Not being allowed to test people
14:37forced us to think of alternatives.
14:39This led to the design of a system
14:41for tracking and testing needles to
14:43evaluate the program, in essence,
14:45letting the needles do the talking.
14:47Of course I had no idea how
14:50to test needles for HIV.
14:52I ran around Dale,
14:53asking chemists, biologists,
14:54engineers how to test needles.
14:56Eventually former chair of Internal
14:59Medicine Ed Cabman introduced me to
15:02a laboratory wizard named Rob Heimer.
15:04That had a PCR machine and Rob now
15:07Professor Hymer figured out how
15:09to use it to detect HIV proviral
15:12DNA in used needles.
15:13This was one of your first
15:15applications of PCR.
15:16Everyone knows where PCR is today.
15:19Thanks to covid testing or black thereof.
15:22But our use of PCR in the early
15:241990s was sometimes characterized
15:26as politically correct research.
15:28Rob talks about his work in
15:30the video exhibit,
15:31which you can see a photo of the
15:34doctoral student and now Professor
15:36Kaveh Kushner at work in the lab,
15:39along with technician Beanie Jariwala.
15:42Fast forward for a moment,
15:44almost exactly one year ago.
15:46Given the lack of coronavirus testing,
15:48Soto Mayor Albert Cohen,
15:49I wondered whether some form of
15:51environmental monitoring might
15:53help track community outbreaks.
15:55Again,
15:55a search to find the right
15:57person who knew how to do this.
15:59We quickly learned quickly learned
16:01that all roads lead to Jordan Pet.
16:03She and environmental engineering
16:05in less than two weeks,
16:06Jordan had students collecting
16:08sludge samples that,
16:08in time,
16:09revealed the speed and force of
16:11that first covid wave viral RNA
16:13and sewage sludge is now being
16:15tracked at 6 wastewater treatment
16:17plants across the state and seeing
16:19this collaboration take shape
16:20for me was deja vu
16:22all over again.
16:24Back to the 1980s and 90s,
16:26there was a remarkable and formative
16:28experience as a young junior professor
16:31and yells management school.
16:33My hero was Alvin Novick,
16:35a biology professor,
16:36chair of the New Haven Mayor's
16:39Task Force on AIDS and a World War
16:42Two prisoner of War Camp survivor.
16:45As inscribed on his memorial
16:46bench and at Griffin Park.
16:48Also shown in the exhibit,
16:50Al was ahead of his time.
16:52My go to seminar was yaks,
16:55the Yale aids Colloquium series.
16:57You can see a flyer announcing AXA
16:59needs in a conic section of the display.
17:03Many of the interlocutors
17:05and others present tonight.
17:07Will regular attendees of the IAC seminars.
17:10One last thought.
17:11During the years covered by this exhibit.
17:15There was a spirit of cooperation
17:17among affected communities.
17:18On the one hand, and yells clinicians,
17:20medical and social science researchers
17:22working on HIV aids on the other.
17:25We had a shared purpose and
17:27we were on the same team.
17:30Thank you.
17:35Thank you so much, Chad.
17:39Really appreciate those remarks.
17:40Next up will be Leetha Filderman,
17:43who currently serves as the
17:45president of the Poptech Institute,
17:47where she overseas a portfolio
17:48focused on global health,
17:50environment, social justice,
17:51peace and security.
17:52Her approach to cross sector solution
17:55development is profoundly influenced
17:57by her work on the front lines of the
17:59AIDS epidemic over nearly two decades,
18:02she developed a number of programs
18:04that opened access to state of the art
18:08care for persons living with HIV AIDS.
18:10In service to the Yale New Haven
18:13Hospital aids care program as well as
18:16similar programs in Boston and Chicago.
18:18I'll turn it over to you, Lisa.
18:22Well, thank you Anna.
18:23It's an absolute honor to join
18:25all of you today for the opening
18:27of Community in a time of crisis.
18:29I wish we were able to be together to
18:32experience this amazing exhibit first hand.
18:34I was intrigued when I got a note from
18:37Sarah Pittman last summer about the
18:40curation of an exhibit capturing the early
18:43days of the HIV epidemic in New Haven.
18:46This exhibit is historically significant.
18:47It serves to remind us of the
18:50sociopolitical challenges that run tandem
18:52take global health crises like covid,
18:54these events uncover long-term in equities,
18:57fuel discrimination,
18:57set the stage for stigma and lay bare,
19:00lay bare the enormous human suffering and
19:03premature loss of life that they cause.
19:06AIDS, perhaps more than any other modern era.
19:10Global health crisis,
19:11including Kovid,
19:12had the astonishing ability to
19:15make the invisible visible.
19:17While my first encounters with
19:19and as an AIDS care provider,
19:21go back to my time at La County
19:24USC Medical Center in Los Angeles.
19:26It was in the summer of 1985 at the
19:29suggestion of my beloved mentor whose
19:31bed mentioned Alvin Novick that I applied
19:34for the AIDS coordinator position at Yale,
19:36New Haven Hospital.
19:37In September of 1985,
19:39I became the third person to hold
19:41that role in the span of just a
19:44few years prior to coming to Yale,
19:47I helped establish.
19:48The first comprehensive home care
19:50program in Connecticut for people
19:52with AIDS under the auspices
19:54of the Viennet of New Haven.
19:56I did not step into the program
19:58that you see portrayed here today.
20:00Nor did I alone create the atmosphere
20:03that led to the eventual establishment
20:05of the AIDS Care program at Yale.
20:08I was simply a catalyst or a sum
20:10that found my suggestions for a
20:13chronic improvement challenging.
20:15I suppose I was considered a quote
20:18unquote handful to put it politely.
20:20Many remarkable individuals and
20:23organizations collaborated to create
20:25an ecosystem that eventually ensured
20:27access to state of the art care,
20:29including experimental drugs
20:31in other types of treatments,
20:33access to school for children with HIV,
20:36AIDS, needle exchange programs,
20:38secure housing in a multitude of
20:40community based services that provided care,
20:43benefits, support,
20:44and education.
20:45I would be remiss not to share the
20:48stage with side-by-side colleagues
20:50within and outside of Yale.
20:53They were my support system,
20:54my expertise pool,
20:55and my inspiration to fight the
20:57fight when it seemed insurmountable.
21:00There are two people I owe a
21:02tremendous debt of gratitude to
21:04Warren and men who came to me in
21:07early 1986 to ask if he could spend
21:10his sabbatical year learning about
21:12AIDS and experience that undoubtedly
21:14changed his life as well as mine.
21:16And when that set the stage for what
21:19would become the AIDS care program,
21:21Warren,
21:21of course is well known for his
21:24skills as a clinician in a researcher.
21:26But it really is his commitment to
21:29children with HIV aids in their family
21:32that sets him apart as a true humanitarian.
21:35The second person I would like to
21:37acknowledge is Avis Bers who served as
21:40the administrative assistant for the
21:42AIDS care program in its earliest years.
21:45She said an example of professionalism,
21:47kindness, and optimism that guided
21:49every single member of our staff.
21:52She truly was a rock of Gibraltar.
21:54Our little staff was stellar.
21:56Warren Avis.
21:57Joyce Simpson June Homes Bill Sibella.
22:00Joan Alfieri an later Rick Altys
22:02in Helena Brett Smith too.
22:04It was my honor to serve in
22:07the foxhole with that posse.
22:09Many clinicians donated their
22:10time in the AIDS clinic,
22:12helping me avoid practicing
22:14medicine without a license,
22:15which was eyes truly a risk.
22:18In the days when our our clinic
22:20was very thinly staffed,
22:22there were people like end Williams,
22:25John Rankin, Vinny Quagliarella,
22:26Low, David Podell, Frank Villa.
22:28John Boos Lloyd Friedman Phil asking
22:31ace Phil Dickey David August,
22:33Stephen Stein and the person who would
22:35later become my life long partner in crime.
22:39My husband, Andy Filderman Ann.
22:40Yes,
22:41there were a number of yentas for that one,
22:44including a patient in common than a few
22:47of the colleagues I have mentioned before.
22:50Then there was Bob Levine,
22:52Angela Holder and Nancy Angoff who
22:54provided so much support to the
22:57AIDS program staff as treatment
22:59options became more accessible.
23:00We gotta.
23:01We got really good at treating
23:03the medical problems,
23:05but there were not easy remedies
23:07for the multitude of ethical
23:08dilemmas and challenges that we were
23:11confronted with on a daily basis.
23:13End of life conversations duty
23:15to warn duty to do no harm.
23:17The balance of truthfulness and hope.
23:19These issues kept me awake at night
23:22and I am always grateful to Bob,
23:24Angela and Nancy for providing us
23:27with an ethical framework that made
23:29navigating the current so much easier.
23:32There is little chance the AIDS
23:34program would have evolved to its
23:36status as a stand alone program
23:38if it were not for the enduring
23:40support of people like John Finn,
23:42Ed, Cadman, Dean Rosenberg,
23:43Ed Rawlings,
23:44and the trustees at Yale New Haven Hospital.
23:47I I don't think we would have succeeded
23:50in creating a multidisciplinary program
23:51without the expertise beyond Yale's Walls,
23:54AIDS project.
23:55New Haven taught me how to be an
23:57advocate and has provided endless
23:59support in the form of direct services
24:01to people with AIDS and Community education.
24:04Ever since,
24:05Harlon Dalton and his colleagues
24:07at the Yellow Law School took on a
24:10variety of legal issues on behalf of
24:12people with AIDS in the New Haven community.
24:15In the state of Connecticut.
24:18And our colleagues at the methadone
24:20maintenance clinic taught us a thing
24:22or two about empathy and respect.
24:24This list could certainly go
24:25on for a long time.
24:27Of course,
24:27my greatest appreciation goes to
24:29our patients and their families.
24:31They were truly endless fonts
24:33of wisdom and our best teachers.
24:36It does serve rare day even now that
24:38I don't reflect on our conversations.
24:41The dignity they exhibited when
24:43they were there were setbacks,
24:45and the moments of humor we shared.
24:56Warren and I often refer to the early days.
25:01As a good or battle date.
25:04It's really, excuse me.
25:06It really is a perfect way to sum
25:09up those cumulative experiences
25:11those years at Yale remain the
25:14proudest of Mycareer an I'm forever
25:16grateful to my colleagues and
25:18mentors for their generosity,
25:20their senses of humor in their
25:22consummate commitment to humanity,
25:23our shared experiences truly
25:25did make a difference,
25:26and they shape my life in many ways.
25:29Many thanks to the Yale Medical
25:31School program for art in public
25:33spaces for their commitment to
25:35memorial memorializing our work.
25:37Thank you so much.
25:43Thank you so much, Lisa Felderman,
25:45that was beautifully put
25:46with good old bad old days.
25:51Sorry after phrase.
25:52OK so I am now happy to introduce
25:56Doctor Gerald Friedland.
25:59Professor Emeritus of medicine,
26:00Epidemiology and public health.
26:02He has been directly involved in
26:05clinical care and research for people
26:07living with HIV and AIDS since 1981.
26:10He helped develop and lead one of the
26:13first programs in the US with a focus
26:16on marginalized and stigmatized men,
26:17women and children living with an at
26:20risk for HIV and AIDS 10 years later,
26:23in 1991, he came to yell to develop and
26:25direct a similar and expanded Yale,
26:28a program which is now a comprehensive,
26:30compassionate and greatly admired
26:32program in New Haven at Yale and Yale,
26:34New Haven Hospital and beyond.
26:36For people living with an at
26:38risk for HIV and AIDS.
26:44Sorry. OK. Thank you for inviting me,
26:49Anna. Thank you for the introduction
26:51and thank you for bringing some
26:53of our colleagues together for
26:55this wonderful, wonderful event.
26:57Honey, let me see. Not seeing my text.
27:10Home. Sorry.
27:25OK. So as you heard, I arrived at
27:30Yale in 1991 after a tense spending.
27:33The first 10 years with the
27:36HIV epidemic in the Bronx.
27:38New York and at a time when New Haven
27:41was among the 12 cities in the US in
27:44which AIDS had become the leading cause
27:46of death in young men and young women.
27:50Ages 25 to 44. In Yale,
27:54New Haven Hospital on a given day,
27:57there were 50 people hospitalized
28:00almost randomly throughout the
28:02hospital and most was soon to die.
28:04Nathan Smith Clinic already underway in
28:07its early stages was severely underfunded
28:09for the required needs of the New Haven.
28:13Despite the wonderful people working there,
28:15including Lisa and Warren, Andaman.
28:19Had you heard?
28:20Although the patients and
28:21populations in New Haven were and
28:23remain diverse in risk and race,
28:25the M at the epidemic was being driven
28:28by injection drug use among young
28:30people with color not unlike the Bronx
28:32in New York where I previously worked.
28:35And I think one can contemplate
28:38that pandemics,
28:39both HIV AIDS and now covid share many feet.
28:43Features. Among them is the initial denial.
28:47Followed by despair and initial
28:50and terrible leadership.
28:52As we've experienced with
28:54both of these epidemics.
28:56They uncover all the flaws in
28:59healthcare system and indeed society.
29:01In both diseases have shed glaring
29:04light on longstanding and continuing
29:07poverty inequity racism with resultant
29:11disproportionate devastating
29:13consequences for individual communities.
29:16Building on the extending and
29:18pioneering HIV AIDS work illustrated
29:21in this beautiful exhibit and
29:23described so beautifully by Ed Kaplan
29:25and Letha and needing to confront
29:27the challenges of the stigmatized,
29:30cruel and then almost invariably fatal
29:32disease in New Haven and beyond,
29:35we were able to obtain new resource
29:37is from the hospital from the
29:40medical school from the state,
29:42from the federal government
29:44and from foundations,
29:45and recruited a wonderful and broad
29:48array of additional colleagues doctors.
29:50Nurses, social workers,
29:51other health care workers,
29:53scientists and many others.
29:56How did we?
29:57How did we overcome the challenges
30:00that we face?
30:02But I think it was said in this work.
30:04I think I'm most important.
30:06Teachers have been the patients themselves
30:08listening to the patients and their needs.
30:11And trying to meet them and learning
30:14and understanding the nature of the HIV
30:17virus and AIDS and their lethal tricks.
30:20And to do this,
30:21I have a sort of list of sees
30:25as I'll go through,
30:27and some of them mentioned.
30:29The first is compassion,
30:31but that's not enough competence is needed.
30:34Comprehensiveness and continuity.
30:37Also needed and so important among all of
30:39these and already mentioned it is colleagues.
30:42It's impossible to do this work alone.
30:45What sustains us in doing our
30:47work is doing it together.
30:50Often the presence of college
30:52is always listed as the first
30:54reason for working in Hades.
30:56Among those who do it,
30:58creating new knowledge.
31:00Both of these diseases,
31:01diseases, HIV AIDS,
31:03and COVID are new diseases in human history.
31:06They share similarities,
31:08but they are unique.
31:10The importance of finding out of learning,
31:14creating new knowledge about HIV
31:17and AIDS is paramount in addressing
31:20it and looking to their hand.
31:24And then the last thing I'd say and
31:26was sort of mentioned his courage and
31:29resilience and humanity and wisdom.
31:31For providers and also patients.
31:35I remember learning this when
31:37one of my patients said to me.
31:40You know, Doc doctor,
31:42you know that aids aids.
31:44It's like life only faster.
31:48And another transporting the patient
31:50from the Nathan Smith Clinic to the
31:54emergency Department in a wheelchair.
31:56Breathing frequent breathing rapidly
31:58properly with Pneumocystis Carinae pneumonia.
32:01When we passed the food trucks he
32:05held his hand up it said stop.
32:09In turn to myself,
32:10another college and said hey Doc can
32:13I buy you lunch so our patients will
32:16wise they had humanity and they had a
32:19sense of humor and we cherish them.
32:23To accomplish the seas over
32:25the past three decades,
32:27the AIDS program components
32:28were expanded and brought it.
32:30Now led by data spilling away that
32:33include the Atkins Donaldson HIV AIDS,
32:36inpatient service,
32:37markedly improving.
32:39And shortening hospitalization.
32:41I'm in Hanst and also a site for
32:44training of new doctors who will be the
32:46next generation of AIDS doctors and
32:49enhanced resource than comprehensive
32:51Nathan Smith Clinic now led by Lindy.
32:54About Linda Barrick Cotton Wynette
32:57Stewart with close to 1000 patients.
32:59HIV positive care on site,
33:02substance use and mental health services.
33:05HCV treatment.
33:07Collaboration with other services,
33:09including the pediatric
33:11AIDS program and many,
33:13many other components of HI in aid
33:16of AIDS care and necessary and
33:19insert it into the clinic as a one
33:23Stop Community Clinic site so we
33:26try to pack the clinic with as many
33:30services as when necessary rather
33:33than have patients get lossed trying
33:35to explore the sometimes unfathomable.
33:39Characters and entrances and exits at Yale.
33:43Added to that was the needle exchange
33:46program, directed by Rick Altise,
33:48an ongoing patient,
33:49and population partnerships with
33:51multiple community programs such
33:53as AIDS Project in Hammond.
33:55In a large and varied portfolio of research,
33:59including NIH and Industry Pro funded
34:02programs, cutting edge clinical trials,
34:05only therapies and prevention
34:07strategies led by meiko Zalan,
34:09Ounianga Bogu,
34:10and in total more than 100 clinical trials,
34:14many tailored to the needs of people
34:17who inject drugs.
34:19And of course, new cutting edge therapies
34:22were founded were started or completed.
34:26I'm here at Yale.
34:27This experience and expertise have
34:30now been refocused successfully on
34:33Sarah's Covert 2 vaccine trials.
34:36With all of this in place,
34:38we've seen and participated in
34:40the miraculous conversion of Hi
34:42Apas into a chronic disease still
34:45challenging in so many ways,
34:47but enabling a young man or woman
34:49with HIV infection with proper
34:51treatment and care to achieve a
34:54normal or near normal life expectancy.
34:57As an aging senior citizen.
35:00Who would have thought that was
35:02possible when we first started stigma,
35:05though,
35:06is still present but partially
35:08mitigated by scientific studies
35:10that we participated in about
35:13transpress transmission risk and non
35:15risk and also advances in treatment.
35:18I like to say but need to
35:20be careful and apolitical.
35:22I believe that treatment can Trump stigma.
35:26And a final legacy is to note that
35:29the full force of the of the HIV
35:32epidemic has moved overseas, although.
35:35Terrable damage has been done here in
35:39New Haven and in the United States.
35:42It continues the reach of the program.
35:45AIDS program has been extended to
35:48global settings with Seminole work
35:50in advocating and introducing anti
35:52retroviral therapy made by Sheila
35:54Shenoy and Rick LTS based Appan.
35:57I should say the strategies initially
35:59learned and employed in New Haven
36:02in the early days earlier pandemic.
36:04Thank you.
36:09Thank you so much Jerry.
36:13Our last speaker is Chris Cole.
36:18Christopher call it's been executive
36:20Director of AIDS Project, New Haven,
36:22or a PNH known as a place to
36:25nourish your health for 13 years.
36:28He's been a community Advisory Board
36:30and Executive committee member of
36:32Center for Interdisciplinary Research
36:33on AIDS at Yale for over a decade.
36:36Mr Cole is Co chair of the Ryan White,
36:39New Haven, Fairfield County
36:41Planning Council and the New
36:42Haven Regional care continuum.
36:47Yeah, good afternoon.
36:48Thanks for inviting me to participate.
36:50I'm so grateful for all the brave,
36:52compassionate and loving people who
36:54came together to respond to HIV and
36:56AIDS over the decades and those who
36:58founded AIDS Project New Haven in 1980.
37:00Three were the oldest AIDS service
37:02organization in the state of Connecticut.
37:05We've come a long,
37:06long way from the days when our
37:08organization AIDS Interfaith and
37:10Hispanos Unidos were founded.
37:12Today, AP Nature is the only organization
37:15still open and serving the community.
37:17We're still serving the most marginalized,
37:20stigmatized and overlooked within
37:22our community.
37:23Our Caring Cuisine program is
37:24still feeding those who cannot
37:26prepare meals for themselves.
37:28Both individuals with HIV and
37:30living with other chronic illnesses.
37:33We continue to distribute condoms throughout
37:35the city and participate in advocacy,
37:37and we continue to offer counseling.
37:39We continue to help folks overcome
37:41the multiple barriers they face
37:43in taking care of themselves
37:45and manage their HIV disease.
37:47What a fantastic and important exhibit.
37:49So many of our younger staff have
37:51no idea of this history and it's
37:53such important information to know
37:55so that we can understand and learn
37:57from the past to address the present.
38:01The work of a PNH would not be possible
38:03without the collaboration we have with Yale,
38:06the medical clinics,
38:07the El AIDS program Sera the Center for
38:09Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS at Yale,
38:11the Community health care van,
38:13they yell Child study Center,
38:14and so many others.
38:16What I'm most proud of is the community,
38:19another C for you.
38:21Doctor friedland.
38:22In the list of your sees,
38:25AP&H began as a community response
38:27and remains rooted in community.
38:29We work as a community of organizations,
38:32clinics and advocates to make the
38:34greatest impact and support those living
38:37with HIV and anyone who faces stigma
38:39in receiving culturally competent care.
38:42I came to New Haven in 2008,
38:44well after the 15 years
38:46covered in this exhibit.
38:47There are many others who have
38:49led and served at a pH before me.
38:52All humble servants who made
38:54significant contributions to
38:55caring for those living with HIV.
38:57I'm grateful to Co.
38:58Campbell for her contributions to this
39:01exhibit and for representing AP&H so well,
39:03especially the days before I was there.
39:06I can tell you, though,
39:08that while we have come a long
39:11way and things have changed,
39:13HIV continues to be an ongoing
39:15public health concern and stigma,
39:17racism,
39:18homophobia and transphobia continue to be a
39:21public health crisis intertwined with HIV.
39:24I want to tell you a little story
39:26and I'm going to share my screen,
39:27so give me one second to pull it up.
39:31This is our building at 1302 Chapel St.
39:34On my second day on the job at its project,
39:37New Haven,
39:37the New Haven Register came to
39:39do a little story on the new
39:41executive director and they wanted
39:43to take my picture and I said,
39:44let's go out on the front porch and
39:47take the picture and I was asked by.
39:49I can't see my screen. Want some?
39:54Can another see my screen?
39:57No, OK, no we're not seeing that.
40:00There you go. OK, thank you, I'm so sorry.
40:05And while I was out on the front porch with
40:08a with a camera from the New Haven register.
40:11Someone from the staff came out
40:13and said you can't take your
40:14picture on the front porch.
40:16People will know that were AIDS
40:18project New Haven and I thought people
40:20don't know or AIDS project New Haven.
40:22And I was told that you know if folks
40:25saw people walking into our building
40:27and knew that it was AIDS project,
40:29New Haven that they would be judged
40:31and an they wouldn't come and
40:33get their care any longer.
40:37As you can see in this
40:39photo on a nice winter day,
40:41we have our name and a sign on the
40:43building now and I'm proud of that.
40:45I think that it's our job to
40:47overcome stigma and as an
40:49institution we began to do that.
40:51In 2018, we changed our name and
40:53updated our logo and mission to
40:55expand our services to anyone facing
40:57stigma and challenges and receiving
40:59culturally competent care firmly rooted
41:01in our beginning and looking forward
41:03to utilizing our core competencies
41:05to reach a broader community.
41:09In 2019, the latest compiled public
41:12health data available for the State of
41:15Connecticut says that there are 10,705
41:18people living in with HIV in Connecticut.
41:21And 222 new cases of HIV in 2019 alone.
41:2628% diagnosed with aids within
41:28one year of HIV diagnosis,
41:30so these are folks who have waited
41:34quite awhile to test positive
41:36for HIV and get into care.
41:393322 people are living with diagnosed
41:42HIV infection in New Haven in 2019 and
41:46there's an estimated 378 living in New
41:49Haven who don't know their HIV status.
41:53Of those diagnosed in with HIV in 2000,
41:57nineteen 76% are male, 24% female.
42:00The more important numbers are 60% are black,
42:0420% are Latin X and 12% are white.
42:0856% our MSM or men who have sex with men.
42:1516% heterosexual,
42:168% presumed hedera sexual and only 4%.
42:21Are people who inject drugs.
42:22This is a big change from the early
42:25days of HIV and AIDS in New Haven.
42:2840% of the total R 20 are between the ages
42:32of 20 to 29 and 78% of men who have sex
42:36with men are between the ages of 20 and 29.
42:39Young black and Latin X gay men
42:42and transgender individuals are
42:43disproportionately impacted by
42:45HIV and account for the majority
42:47of new infections in New Haven,
42:49CT.
42:49Today,
42:50a friend of mine once said HIV
42:52and AIDS has always been about
42:55judgment and racism and homophobia
42:57more than it's been about a virus.
43:00In coordination with the Ryan White Part,
43:03A office for the New Haven,
43:05Fairfield counties,
43:06we have conducted a series of
43:08conversations with groups at AP&H.
43:13This is a storyboard illustrating
43:15a conversation held in January
43:17with our empowerment participants,
43:19young gay men, some living with HIV
43:22and some not living in New Haven.
43:25You can clearly see that homophobia,
43:28stigma, transphobia and racism continue
43:30to be barriers to prevent HIV to health,
43:34Wellness, and self esteem of young gay men.
43:44There we go, this next storyboard.
43:48It's from a conversation in January with
43:51our transgender support group again
43:54clearly showing HIV stigma transphobia.
43:57And judgment are significant issues.
43:59We need to stop labeling.
44:02We need to see real images of
44:05transgender folks in mainstream
44:06media and non stereotype roles.
44:09We need to talk to folks who,
44:11as as they are who they are,
44:14and stop perpetuating shame.
44:17And this final storyboard is from
44:20our chapter Change Workgroup Group
44:22of Young Black and Latin X-Men who
44:25have come together to assist us in
44:28increasing Prep Pro pre exposure,
44:30prophylaxis uptake among their peers.
44:32And it shows that addressing disparities
44:34and intersectionality with raisan clefts,
44:37class movements, ending stigma,
44:38sex, positive iti,
44:40social networks and media can
44:42increase prevention efforts and help
44:44us in ending new HIV infections.
44:50While our crisis is different today,
44:52until our society begins to treat
44:54people as people eliminate racism,
44:56transphobia, and homophobia,
44:57we continue to have a community in crisis.
45:01All like we did in the early
45:03days of the AIDS epidemic.
45:05All of us at Apna HC,
45:07it is our responsibility
45:09is to educate ourselves,
45:10understand our past and make healthcare,
45:12housing, education, technology and
45:13opportunity equally accessible to all.
45:15It is then that we will be able to
45:18end HIV that we will be able to
45:21end COVID-19 and that we will be
45:23able to end so many of the other
45:26ills that our society faces today.
45:28All of us at AP&H are humbled and
45:31honored to stand on the shoulders and
45:33carry on the work begun by these Giants,
45:36and so many others who have provided long
45:39and loving care to so many in our community.
45:46Thank you so much Chris.
45:49So glad that you brought this storyboards.
45:50This really added.
45:53A lot to your remarks.
45:55Thank you so much so we do have
45:57some time for questions and
46:00really so much gratitude towards
46:02the four of you for sharing.
46:04So much of your experiences and
46:07challenges from those early days,
46:09and one of the questions that's come in.
46:12Actually, it's related to challenges,
46:14and the attendee asks what was the
46:17hardest challenge that you faced as
46:20you confronted HIV and AIDS at Yale
46:23in New Haven back in those early days.
46:30I can take a stab at this.
46:31This is Ed Kaplan.
46:33So as I said, I arrived at Yale in 1987,
46:36so I I was a young guy then
46:39I actually had her.
46:41Now I have hearing aids,
46:43so it's not the same thing.
46:46And while there were some
46:48off the cuff remarks,
46:49some some of the company marks in
46:51the extent that what are you doing
46:54working on this problem for drug injectors,
46:56when you should be using your
46:58math for other problems?
46:59Here you're throwing your career away.
47:01That was really the minority
47:03I found my Yale colleagues to
47:04be tremendously supportive,
47:06but I and I think others,
47:08at least on the research side
47:10of the needle exchange,
47:11were not prepared for was some of the
47:14politics and the attention that we would get.
47:16Not so much at the local level,
47:19we expected that we we were well prepared,
47:21but at the national level
47:23we were taking it back.
47:25For example,
47:25when the initial results were released.
47:27Some of you may remember Congressman
47:29Charles Rangel from Harlem.
47:31He was the chair of the House
47:33Select Committee on Narcotics,
47:34and he requisitioned the
47:36General Accounting Office.
47:37The Geo now is the General
47:39Accountability Office.
47:39Basically to come up and investigate us.
47:41He did not believe.
47:43Or maybe he did not want to
47:45believe that there could be a
47:47program doing good that involved.
47:49Making it possible for drug injectors
47:51to continue injecting drugs,
47:53but in a safer way so that you
47:56could attack the twin problems of
47:58injection drug use on one hand.
48:01But HIV transmission in particular
48:03on the other.
48:05And so there were people from
48:06the jail who came up.
48:08And here I am,
48:09standing at a blackboard and literally
48:10was like doing my orals all over again.
48:12Where did this number come from?
48:14Where did this?
48:15You know?
48:15Why do you believe this?
48:16Why do you believe that?
48:18When in the end,
48:20of course it worked out for
48:23the better because.
48:25Diego actually said that we had
48:27lowballed things they thought the
48:29program is more effective than we
48:30had given it credit for because we
48:33didn't pay appropriate attention to
48:35how much of an effect the people
48:37getting into drug treatment him.
48:39That was one instance,
48:40and there were others the
48:42the director of the Office of
48:44National Drug Control Policy,
48:45Bob Martinez,
48:46put an article out there was in
48:48newspapers all around the country,
48:50basically castigating us for this program.
48:52You know, this is a band aid.
48:55We're squandering away.
48:56The gains we've made in the hard
48:58earned war on Drugs quote unquote.
49:00On the other hand,
49:02there there were also moments of victory.
49:04If you want to think of it like that.
49:08Probably my favorite was when
49:10committee from the National Academies,
49:11chaired by an eminent statistician
49:13with the name Lincoln.
49:15Moses basically wrote a report that was
49:17largely approving of what we had done,
49:20an I,
49:20I guess,
49:21I felt that if someone named
49:23Lincoln, Moses was going to say this was OK.
49:27Didn't really go too far wrong.
49:33Thanks, Ed, anybody else want it?
49:36Comment on that question about.
49:39The most difficult challenges.
49:40At Yale and New Haven,
49:42those in those early days.
49:51I think for me.
49:54First of all, I confirm all the
49:56wonderful things that have been
49:57that we've done in New Haven.
49:59But given the fact that it.
50:0010 years into the epidemic
50:03and there was an behave and
50:05was so brutalized by HIV aids,
50:08I was disappointed that the medical
50:11school and the hospital would not
50:14more generous in resources. And.
50:18I thought that there would be more
50:20and had to set out to actually
50:22find sources and fight for them.
50:24So we did that successfully and
50:27convince people that this was.
50:30Had to be done.
50:31But I think it must have been very
50:33hard for Lisa and Ed and others
50:36to be in an environment in which
50:39although they were wonderful
50:41colleagues working together,
50:42the mainstream was still not
50:44comfortable with HIV aids.
50:59Well, Jerry, I would certainly
51:02concur with you there and I think
51:06as I politely alluded in my talk.
51:09There were significant challenges
51:10that that were all around us and
51:13they they weren't just within the
51:15medical school in the hospital.
51:17They were with the local newspaper that
51:20kind of badgered us on a regular basis
51:23for names of patients and what have you.
51:25There were all kinds of problems with
51:28state legislature people, so it was.
51:30It was a list,
51:32but I think we just said we have to put
51:35our heads down and make the best of
51:38what we have and keep trying to get more and.
51:42You know, every day you got
51:44rooted in in feeling negative,
51:46you lost ground on other areas.
51:48So I think we learned how to
51:51be a a positive crew together.
51:55Well, I think the issue of
51:57colleagues is so important.
51:58I think a lot of us said
52:00that and that's sustaining,
52:02and it's true with Covid also.
52:04We just have to have people to work
52:07with who are supportive and is that
52:09a lot of love among people who do HIV
52:12work because they see themselves.
52:16People.
52:20I have a question. If I may.
52:25So one of the sections of the exhibit is
52:28entitled Legacy and one of the images
52:30that's included is the Community health
52:33care van that remains in the service
52:35of Community all these years later,
52:37an I was just curious about what
52:40each of you thinks about that term,
52:42the visual legacy.
52:43What is the visual legacy?
52:45Aside from the van up of the early
52:48days of HIV and AIDS in New Haven,
52:51and it yell that we should be capturing.
52:54In this exhibit, what other images do you
52:57kind of carry with you that have lasted from?
53:01But the 1980s until now,
53:02what still resonates?
53:03What could we put up?
53:05What could we add to our
53:06exhibit to capture that legacy?
53:11Well, I don't speak what I would like to do,
53:15but won't is to include the
53:17faces of some of our patients.
53:20Because in my mind and in my thoughts,
53:23I think of so many of them still.
53:27Wonderful as I tried to portray.
53:33Ordinary people who had were who
53:35were really extraordinary in
53:36terms of courage and resilience,
53:38and learn so much from them.
53:41And there's so much a part of it.
53:44And because of stigma and privacy.
53:48We we don't do that,
53:49so that would make a tremendous contribution.
53:52I think if we were able to do that,
53:55we really should be hearing the
53:57voices of people living with HIV.
54:03Yeah, and I I would agree with Jerry
54:06when you ask me what's my visual
54:09image that comes to me it it generally
54:13revolves around the people we care
54:15for and yet we can't show those
54:18photos or or portray them visually.
54:21But I think you could do a very
54:23interesting audio collection where
54:25where you capture comments from people.
54:28And I think that would bring
54:31so much of this to life.
54:33I mean, we become translators.
54:36Um for them, and that's that's well meaning,
54:39but it's not always accurate.
54:43And it tends to be sanitized messaging,
54:45so I I think if there was an
54:47ability to expand the exhibit some,
54:49I might try to to capture some audio files.
54:53And I think it would be useful,
54:56and it might be people might be willing
54:59long-term survivors who've successfully
55:01lived with AIDS for long periods
55:03of time might be willing actually
55:06to participate in that way and tell
55:08their stories, and that would be.
55:11I mean, that would be very,
55:13I think, both courageous.
55:15But also, I think.
55:20Well, it will help people
55:21understand what it has been like.
55:27Thank you, I love that idea.
55:29And just to say the the
55:31online portion of the exhibit.
55:32By all means, we're going to
55:34continue to expand upon that
55:36because it's it's online.
55:37It's ritual, so we have endless space.
55:40So we very well may look into doing that.
55:43So thank you for that.
55:54I have another I don't
55:55want to be the only one.
56:02That comes to mind.
56:05So we as you know, have had a program
56:09in the prisons in Connecticut,
56:11but 10% of the HIV population
56:13is incarcerated on free day.
56:16For reasons that you might expect
56:18that people might be incarcerated for,
56:20but also because of racial
56:22issues and poverty.
56:26And I had the opportunity to visit
56:28a program that we had in Niantic,
56:31which is where the single
56:33women's prison is in Connecticut.
56:36And prisons are very eerie places
56:38and you go through signing your
56:41name with with invisible ink
56:43and multiple layers of doors and
56:46gates and all and you drive to new
56:48Niantic through this very pristine,
56:50beautiful New England town.
56:52And it really is and you come to the
56:56prison and you go inside and all
56:59of the women are black and Brown.
57:05It's very vivid, really.
57:10What can I say picture?
57:13Have hidden picture.
57:14Of the consequences of
57:16the HIV epidemic in women.
57:26Thank you.
57:40Darren, do you wanna close us out?
57:43I think we've reached the end of the hour.
57:45I know there are a few more questions
57:48that haven't been answered and I strongly
57:50encourage you to email us and we will
57:52share those with our speakers and and we
57:55appreciate your comments and questions
57:56and feedback as we move forward.
58:00So again, I want to thank
58:02everyone for joining us.
58:04Our speakers do an extraordinary
58:06job of reminding me of the courage,
58:09the advocacy and the hope they got
58:12many of us through this time period.
58:15I hope once we all can actually
58:18be in person that you'll come and
58:21see the exhibit in person I'm.
58:24I think being able to touch and feel has
58:27value within itself until that time occurs.
58:31Please go on the online website
58:33because you can see the exhibit.
58:36You can zoom in, zoom out and have
58:39the experience at your own rate.
58:42Again, thank you, thank you,
58:44thank you for being here speakers.
58:46Thank you so much for bringing
58:49our stories to life and I love the
58:52statement of learning from the past
58:54to help influence what we do today.
58:57And I think that.
58:59If the program on art in public spaces,
59:03if that's one of our values,
59:05one of our goals is to really
59:08use the walls of young School
59:10of Medicine as an opportunity,
59:12not just to showcase,
59:14but actually to teach and for people
59:17to learn and to create conversation.
59:19And I think this was an excellent
59:22example of that happening in real time.
59:25Again,
59:26thank you and have a wonderful evening.