Larry Marks, PhD
Research & Publications
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Research Summary
Professor Marks develops quantitative, psychophysical models to account for sensory and perceptual responses to environmental stimuli. His current research is directed in particular at elucidating the mechanisms by which perceptual systems combine information from multiple sensory modalities and by which cognitive processes then modify and modulate perceptual information. Of special interest are the mechanisms of multisensory integration and interaction involved in the perception of flavors. The flavors of foods and beverages come partly from molecules that stimulate gustatory (taste) receptors on the tongue, but importantly – often most importantly – from molecules that stimulate olfactory receptors in the nose. Cognitive processes are also important, as flavor perception depends not only on sensory signals, but also, for example, on verbal labels, which modulate expectations, and on processes underlying perceptual decision-making, The perception of flavor is a critical factor controlling the intake of food. And the intake of food, in turn, is critical to the energy balance of the body, a topic central to the current mission of the John B. Pierce Laboratory.
Extensive Research Description
- Mechanisms of Multisensory Flavor Identification
- Interactions of Cognitive and Sensory Processes in Flavor Perception
- Synesthesia in Perception and Language
Coauthors
Research Interests
Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms; Cognition; Psycholinguistics; Psychophysics; Sensory Thresholds; Olfactory Perception; Taste Perception
Public Health Interests
Environmental Health
Selected Publications
- Does color change the identification of color-flavor pairs?Shavit A, Marks L. Does color change the identification of color-flavor pairs? Journal Of Vision 2021, 21: 2843. DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.9.2843.
- Interactions of Lemon, Sucrose and Citric Acid in Enhancing Citrus, Sweet and Sour Flavors.Veldhuizen MG, Siddique A, Rosenthal S, Marks LE. Interactions of Lemon, Sucrose and Citric Acid in Enhancing Citrus, Sweet and Sour Flavors. Chemical Senses 2017, 43: 17-26. PMID: 29293949, PMCID: PMC5863559, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx063.
- Synesthesia: Then and nowMarks, L.E. (2017). Synesthesia: Then and now. In O. Deroy (Ed.), Sensory Blending: On Synaesthesia and Related Phenomena. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 13-44.
- Contextual Effects in Judgments of Taste Intensity: No Assimilation, Sometimes ContrastShepard TG, Shavit AY, Veldhuizen MG, Marks LE. Contextual Effects in Judgments of Taste Intensity: No Assimilation, Sometimes Contrast. Perception 2016, 46: 268-282. PMID: 28024444, PMCID: PMC5944861, DOI: 10.1177/0301006616686099.
- Synesthesia: Perception, Language, Digital ArtMarks L, Mulvenna C. Synesthesia: Perception, Language, Digital Art. 2016, 29-34. DOI: 10.1515/9783110459937-004.
- The semantic basis of taste-shape associationsVelasco C, Woods AT, Marks LE, Cheok AD, Spence C. The semantic basis of taste-shape associations. PeerJ 2016, 4: e1644. PMID: 26966646, PMCID: PMC4783761, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1644.
- Flavor Identification and Intensity: Effects of Stimulus ContextHallowell ES, Parikh R, Veldhuizen MG, Marks LE. Flavor Identification and Intensity: Effects of Stimulus Context. Chemical Senses 2016, 41: 249-259. PMID: 26830499, PMCID: PMC5006141, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjv087.
- Response Times to Gustatory–Olfactory Flavor Mixtures: Role of CongruenceShepard TG, Veldhuizen MG, Marks LE. Response Times to Gustatory–Olfactory Flavor Mixtures: Role of Congruence. Chemical Senses 2015, 40: 565-575. PMID: 26304508, PMCID: PMC4675834, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjv042.
- Lower Pitch Is Larger, Yet Falling Pitches ShrinkEitan Z, Schupak A, Gotler A, Marks LE. Lower Pitch Is Larger, Yet Falling Pitches Shrink. Experimental Psychology 2014, 61: 273-284. PMID: 24351984, DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000246.
- Synesthesia on Our MindMarks L, Mulvennad C. Synesthesia on Our Mind. Theoria Et Historia Scientiarum 2014, 10: 13-36. DOI: 10.12775/ths-2013-0002.
- Synesthesia: A teeming multiplicityMarks, L.E. (2014). Synesthesia: A teeming multiplicity. In E. Cardeña, S.J. Lynn, & S.C. Krippner (Eds.), Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence, Revised Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 79-108.
- Identification of Gustatory–Olfactory Flavor Mixtures: Effects of Linguistic LabelingBrewer JM, Shavit AY, Shepard TG, Veldhuizen MG, Parikh R, Marks LE. Identification of Gustatory–Olfactory Flavor Mixtures: Effects of Linguistic Labeling. Chemical Senses 2013, 38: 305-313. PMID: 23329730, PMCID: PMC3629875, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjs142.
- Weak synesthesia in the general populationMarks, L.E. (2013). In J. Simner and E. Hubbard (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Synesthesia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 761-789.
- Synesthesia, at and near its bordersMarks LE, Mulvenna CM. Synesthesia, at and near its borders. Frontiers In Psychology 2013, 4: 651. PMID: 24133467, PMCID: PMC3783847, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00651.
- Garner’s paradigm and audiovisual correspondence in dynamic stimuli: Pitch and vertical directionEitan Z, Marks L. Garner’s paradigm and audiovisual correspondence in dynamic stimuli: Pitch and vertical direction. Multisensory Research 2012, 25: 70-70. DOI: 10.1163/187847612x646910.
- Detecting Gustatory–Olfactory Flavor Mixtures: Models of Probability SummationMarks LE, Veldhuizen MG, Shepard TG, Shavit AY. Detecting Gustatory–Olfactory Flavor Mixtures: Models of Probability Summation. Chemical Senses 2011, 37: 263-277. PMID: 22075720, PMCID: PMC3278677, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjr103.
- Flavor-intensity perception: Effects of stimulus contextMarks LE, Shepard TG, Burger K, Chakwin EM. Flavor-intensity perception: Effects of stimulus context. Physiology & Behavior 2011, 105: 443-450. PMID: 21930139, PMCID: PMC3225720, DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.039.
- Measurement of Loudness, Part I: Methods, Problems, and PitfallsMarks L, Florentine M. Measurement of Loudness, Part I: Methods, Problems, and Pitfalls. 2010, 37: 17-56. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6712-1_2.
- Measurement of Loudness, Part II: Context EffectsArieh Y, Marks L. Measurement of Loudness, Part II: Context Effects. 2010, 37: 57-87. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6712-1_3.
- Post-transient shifts in auditory lateralization: Effects of target levelArieh Y, Marks L. Post-transient shifts in auditory lateralization: Effects of target level. The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 2010, 127: 1-4. PMID: 20058943, DOI: 10.1121/1.3270393.
- Coactivation of Gustatory and Olfactory Signals in Flavor PerceptionVeldhuizen M, Shepard T, Wang M, Marks L. Coactivation of Gustatory and Olfactory Signals in Flavor Perception. Chemical Senses 2009, 35: 121-133. PMID: 20032112, PMCID: PMC2805810, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp089.
- Taste Coding after Selective Inhibition by ChlorhexidineWang M, Marks L, Frank M. Taste Coding after Selective Inhibition by Chlorhexidine. Chemical Senses 2009, 34: 653-666. PMID: 19703921, PMCID: PMC2745350, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp047.
- Absolute Pitch in Children prior to the Beginning of Musical TrainingRoss DA, Marks LE. Absolute Pitch in Children prior to the Beginning of Musical Training. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 2009, 1169: 199-204. PMID: 19673781, DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04847.x.
- Does induced loudness reduction explain contextual effects in loudness judgmentMarks L. Does induced loudness reduction explain contextual effects in loudness judgment. The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 2008, 123: 3306-3306. DOI: 10.1121/1.2933735.
- Cross-modal interaction between vision and hearing: A speed—accuracy analysisArieh Y, Marks L. Cross-modal interaction between vision and hearing: A speed—accuracy analysis. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 2008, 70: 412-421. PMID: 18459251, DOI: 10.3758/pp.70.3.412.
- Intramodal and cross-modal discrimination of curvature: Haptic touch versus visionIttyerah M, Marks L. Intramodal and cross-modal discrimination of curvature: Haptic touch versus vision. Current Psychology Letters 2008, 24: 1-11. PMID: 18504512, PMCID: PMC2394860, DOI: 10.4000/cpl.3333.
- Memory for curvature of objects: Haptic touch vs. visionIttyerah M, Marks L. Memory for curvature of objects: Haptic touch vs. vision. British Journal Of Psychology 2007, 98: 589-610. PMID: 17535462, PMCID: PMC2258210, DOI: 10.1348/000712606x171531.
- Posttransient shifts in auditory lateralizationArieh Y, Marks L. Posttransient shifts in auditory lateralization. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 2007, 69: 523-528. PMID: 17727105, DOI: 10.3758/bf03193909.
- Human flavor perception: Application of information integration theory.Marks L, Elgart B, Burger K, Chakwin E. Human flavor perception: Application of information integration theory. 2007, 1: 121-132. PMID: 19079746, PMCID: PMC2600858.
- Differential effects of stimulus context in sensory processingMarks L, Arieh Y. Differential effects of stimulus context in sensory processing. European Review Of Applied Psychology 2006, 56: 213-221. DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2005.09.009.
- Anxiety sensitivity and auditory perception of heartbeatPollock R, Carter A, Amir N, Marks L. Anxiety sensitivity and auditory perception of heartbeat. Behaviour Research And Therapy 2006, 44: 1739-1756. PMID: 16513082, DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.12.013.
- Absolute pitch: Music and beyondRoss DA, Gore JC, Marks LE. Absolute pitch: Music and beyond. Epilepsy & Behavior 2005, 7: 578-601. PMID: 16103017, DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.05.019.
- Tracking the time to recovery after induced loudness reduction (L)Arieh Y, Kelly K, Marks L. Tracking the time to recovery after induced loudness reduction (L). The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 2005, 117: 3381-3384. PMID: 16018440, DOI: 10.1121/1.1898103.
- A nonmusical paradigm for identifying absolute pitch possessorsRoss DA, Olson IR, Marks LE, Gore JC. A nonmusical paradigm for identifying absolute pitch possessors. The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 2004, 116: 1793-1799. PMID: 15478446, DOI: 10.1121/1.1758973.
- Valid across-group comparisons with labeled scales: the gLMS versus magnitude matchingBartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Green BG, Hoffman HJ, Ko C, Lucchina LA, Marks LE, Snyder DJ, Weiffenbach JM. Valid across-group comparisons with labeled scales: the gLMS versus magnitude matching. Physiology & Behavior 2004, 82: 109-114. PMID: 15234598, DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.033.
- Brighter noise: Sensory enhancement of perceived loudness by concurrent visual stimulationOdgaard E, Arieh Y, Marks L. Brighter noise: Sensory enhancement of perceived loudness by concurrent visual stimulation. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 2004, 4: 127-132. PMID: 15460919, DOI: 10.3758/cabn.4.2.127.
- Effect of endogenous attention on detection of weak gustatory and olfactory flavorsAshkenazi A, Marks L. Effect of endogenous attention on detection of weak gustatory and olfactory flavors. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 2004, 66: 596-608. PMID: 15311659, DOI: 10.3758/bf03194904.
- Loudness recalibration at short ISI: A closer lookArieh Y, Mailloux J, Marks L. Loudness recalibration at short ISI: A closer look. The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 2004, 115: 2600-2600. DOI: 10.1121/1.4784577.
- Utilitarianism: a psychophysical perspectiveMarks L. Utilitarianism: a psychophysical perspective. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 2004, 14: 9-16. DOI: 10.1590/s0103-863x2004000100003.
- The Temporal Automated System for Taste Experiments (TASTE)Ashkenazi A, Fritz M, Buckley J, Marks L. The Temporal Automated System for Taste Experiments (TASTE). Behavior Research Methods 2004, 36: 83-88. PMID: 15190702, DOI: 10.3758/bf03195552.
- Time course of loudness recalibration: Implications for loudness enhancementArieh Y, Marks L. Time course of loudness recalibration: Implications for loudness enhancement. The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 2003, 114: 1550-1556. PMID: 14514208, DOI: 10.1121/1.1603768.
- Recalibrating the Auditory System: A Speed–Accuracy Analysis of Intensity PerceptionArieh Y, Marks L. Recalibrating the Auditory System: A Speed–Accuracy Analysis of Intensity Perception. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 2003, 29: 523-536. PMID: 12848324, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.29.3.523.
- Evidence for distinct types of ‘‘perfect pitch.’’Ross D, Gore J, Marks L. Evidence for distinct types of ‘‘perfect pitch.’’. The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 2003, 113: 2290-2291. DOI: 10.1121/1.4780626.
- The role of attention in chemosensationMarks L. The role of attention in chemosensation. Food Quality And Preference 2003, 14: 147-155. DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3293(02)00076-9.
- Cross-modal enhancement of perceived brightness: Sensory interaction versus response biasOdgaard E, Arieh Y, Marks L. Cross-modal enhancement of perceived brightness: Sensory interaction versus response bias. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 2003, 65: 123-132. PMID: 12699315, DOI: 10.3758/bf03194789.
- Visual Marking: Selective Attention to Asynchronous Temporal GroupsJiang Y, Chun MM, Marks LE. Visual Marking: Selective Attention to Asynchronous Temporal Groups. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 2002, 28: 717-730. PMID: 12075898, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.28.3.717.
- Context effects in visual length perception: Role of ocular, retinal, and spatial locationArieh Y, Marks L. Context effects in visual length perception: Role of ocular, retinal, and spatial location. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 2002, 64: 478-492. PMID: 12049287, DOI: 10.3758/bf03194719.
- Visual Marking: Dissociating Effects of New and Old Set SizeJiang Y, Chun MM, Marks LE. Visual Marking: Dissociating Effects of New and Old Set Size. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory And Cognition 2002, 28: 293-302. PMID: 11911385, DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.28.2.293.
- Psychophysical ScalingMarks L, Gescheider G. Psychophysical Scaling. 2002 DOI: 10.1002/0471214426.pas0403.
- Synesthesia: Strong and WeakMartino G, Marks L. Synesthesia: Strong and Weak. Current Directions In Psychological Science 2001, 10: 61-65. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.00116.
- Chemosensory Context Effects: Role of Perceived Similarity and Neural CommonalityRankin K, Marks L. Chemosensory Context Effects: Role of Perceived Similarity and Neural Commonality. Chemical Senses 2000, 25: 747-759. PMID: 11114153, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/25.6.747.
- Cross-Modal Interaction between Vision and Touch: The Role of Synesthetic CorrespondenceMartino G, Marks L. Cross-Modal Interaction between Vision and Touch: The Role of Synesthetic Correspondence. Perception 2000, 29: 745-754. PMID: 11040956, DOI: 10.1068/p2984.
- study of taste perceptionHettinger T, Gent J, Marks L, Frank M. study of taste perception. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1999, 61: 1510-1521. PMID: 10598466, DOI: 10.3758/bf03213114.
- Haptic perception of linear extentArmstrong L, Marks L. Haptic perception of linear extent. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1999, 61: 1211-1226. PMID: 10497438, DOI: 10.3758/bf03207624.
- Taste Confusions following Gymnemic Acid RinseGent J, Hettinger T, Frank M, Marks L. Taste Confusions following Gymnemic Acid Rinse. Chemical Senses 1999, 24: 393-403. PMID: 10480675, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/24.4.393.
- Perceptual and Linguistic Interactions in Speeded Classification: Tests of the Semantic Coding HypothesisMartino G, Marks L. Perceptual and Linguistic Interactions in Speeded Classification: Tests of the Semantic Coding Hypothesis. Perception 1999, 28: 903-923. PMID: 10664781, DOI: 10.1068/p2866.
- Processing Linguistic and Perceptual Dimensions of Speech: Interactions in Speeded ClassificationBen-Artzi E, Marks L. Processing Linguistic and Perceptual Dimensions of Speech: Interactions in Speeded Classification. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1999, 25: 579-595. PMID: 10385980, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.25.3.579.
- Haptic form perception: Relative salience of local and global featuresLakatos S, Marks L. Haptic form perception: Relative salience of local and global features. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1999, 61: 895-908. PMID: 10499002, DOI: 10.3758/bf03206904.
- Focused Attention and the Detectability of Weak Gustatory Stimuli: Empirical Measurement and Computer SimulationsaMARKS L, WHEELER M. Focused Attention and the Detectability of Weak Gustatory Stimuli: Empirical Measurement and Computer Simulationsa. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 1998, 855: 645-647. PMID: 9929665, DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10639.x.
- A Multimodal Assessment of Sensory Thresholds in AgingStevens J, Cruz L, Marks L, Lakatos S. A Multimodal Assessment of Sensory Thresholds in Aging. The Journals Of Gerontology Series B 1998, 53B: p263-p272. PMID: 9679518, DOI: 10.1093/geronb/53b.4.p263.
- Haptic Underestimation of Angular ExtentLakatos S, Marks L. Haptic Underestimation of Angular Extent. Perception 1998, 27: 737-754. PMID: 10197190, DOI: 10.1068/p270737.
- Attention and the Detectability of Weak Taste StimuliMarks L, Wheeler M. Attention and the Detectability of Weak Taste Stimuli. Chemical Senses 1998, 23: 19-29. PMID: 9530966, DOI: 10.1093/chemse/23.1.19.
- Circle size and diameter tilt: A new look at integrality and separabilityPotts B, Melara R, Marks L. Circle size and diameter tilt: A new look at integrality and separability. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1998, 60: 101-112. PMID: 9503915, DOI: 10.3758/bf03211921.
- Chapter 2 Psychophysical ScalingMarks L, Algom D. Chapter 2 Psychophysical Scaling. 1998, 81-178. DOI: 10.1016/b978-012099975-0.50004-x.
- Differential effects of stimulus context on perceived length: Implications for the horizontal-vertical illusionArmstrong L, Marks L. Differential effects of stimulus context on perceived length: Implications for the horizontal-vertical illusion. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1997, 59: 1200-1213. PMID: 9401455, DOI: 10.3758/bf03214208.
- Erratum: Recalibrating the perception of loudness: Interaural transfer [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100 , 473–480 (1996)]Marks L. Erratum: Recalibrating the perception of loudness: Interaural transfer [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100 , 473–480 (1996)]. The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 1996, 100: 3984-3984. DOI: 10.1121/1.417352.
- Recalibrating the perception of loudness: interaural transfer.Marks L, Marks L. Recalibrating the perception of loudness: interaural transfer. The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 1996, 100: 473-80. PMID: 8675841, DOI: 10.1121/1.415860.
- Binaural summation after learning psychophysical functions for loudnessMarks L, Galanter E, Baird J. Binaural summation after learning psychophysical functions for loudness. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1995, 57: 1209-1216. PMID: 8539096, DOI: 10.3758/bf03208377.
- Visual-auditory interaction in speeded classification: Role of stimulus differenceBen-Artzi E, Marks L. Visual-auditory interaction in speeded classification: Role of stimulus difference. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1995, 57: 1151-1162. PMID: 8539090, DOI: 10.3758/bf03208371.
- “Recalibrating” the Auditory System: The Perception of LoudnessMarks L. “Recalibrating” the Auditory System: The Perception of Loudness. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1994, 20: 382-396. PMID: 8189200, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.20.2.382.
- Primacy of Dimensions in Color PerceptionMelara R, Marks L, Potts B. Primacy of Dimensions in Color Perception. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1993, 19: 1082-1104. PMID: 8228841, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.19.5.1082.
- Early-Holistic Processing or Dimensional Similarity?Melara R, Marks L, Potts B. Early-Holistic Processing or Dimensional Similarity? Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1993, 19: 1114-1120. DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.19.5.1114.
- Contextual Processing of Multidimensional and Unidimensional Auditory StimuliMarks L. Contextual Processing of Multidimensional and Unidimensional Auditory Stimuli. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1993, 19: 227-249. PMID: 8473837, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.19.2.227.
- Quantifying, valuing, choosingMarks L. Quantifying, valuing, choosing. Behavioral And Brain Sciences 1993, 16: 156-157. DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00029447.
- Memory psychophysics for chemosensation: perceptual and mental mixtures of odor and tasteAlgom D, Marks L, Cain W. Memory psychophysics for chemosensation: perceptual and mental mixtures of odor and taste. Chemical Senses 1993, 18: 151-160. DOI: 10.1093/chemse/18.2.151.
- The perplexing plurality of psychophysical processesMarks L. The perplexing plurality of psychophysical processes. Behavioral And Brain Sciences 1992, 15: 574-575. PMID: 24924064, DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00070126.
- The Contingency of Perceptual Processing: Context Modifies Equal-Loudness RelationsMarks L. The Contingency of Perceptual Processing: Context Modifies Equal-Loudness Relations. Psychological Science 1992, 3: 285-292. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00674.x.
- Effects of context on sweet and bitter tastes: Unrelated to sensitivity to PROP (6-npropylthiouracil)Rankin K, Marks L. Effects of context on sweet and bitter tastes: Unrelated to sensitivity to PROP (6-npropylthiouracil). Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1992, 52: 479-486. PMID: 1437480, DOI: 10.3758/bf03206709.
- Selective attention to loudness, ignoring pitch.Melara R, Marks L, Yamagishi N. Selective attention to loudness, ignoring pitch. The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America 1992, 91: 2380-2380. DOI: 10.1121/1.403335.
- The slippery context effect in psychophysics: Intensive, extensive, and qualitative continuaMarks L. The slippery context effect in psychophysics: Intensive, extensive, and qualitative continua. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1992, 51: 187-198. PMID: 1549437, DOI: 10.3758/bf03212243.
- Optional processes in similarity judgmentsMelara R, Marks L, Lesko K. Optional processes in similarity judgments. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1992, 51: 123-133. PMID: 1549431, DOI: 10.3758/bf03212237.
- 3 “What thin Partitions Sense from Thought Divide”: Toward a New Cognitive Psychophysics11Preparation of this chapter was supported in part by grant DC-00818 from the National Institutes of Health. I thank Daniel Algom and Bonnie Potts for comments on an earlier version. Please direct correspondence to Lawrence E. Marks, John B. Pierce Laboratory, 290 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06519.Marks L. 3 “What thin Partitions Sense from Thought Divide”: Toward a New Cognitive Psychophysics11Preparation of this chapter was supported in part by grant DC-00818 from the National Institutes of Health. I thank Daniel Algom and Bonnie Potts for comments on an earlier version. Please direct correspondence to Lawrence E. Marks, John B. Pierce Laboratory, 290 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06519. 1992, 92: 115-186. DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4115(08)61779-3.
- Slippery Context Effect and Critical BandsMarks L, Warner E. Slippery Context Effect and Critical Bands. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1991, 17: 986-996. PMID: 1837309, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.17.4.986.
- Tapping the social psychology of psychophysical experiments: Mode of responding does not alter statistical properties of magnitude estimatesAlgom D, Marks L, Wiesenfeld D. Tapping the social psychology of psychophysical experiments: Mode of responding does not alter statistical properties of magnitude estimates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1991, 29: 226-228. DOI: 10.3758/bf03342685.
- Tapping the social psychology of psychophysical experiments: Mode of responding does not alter statistical properties of magnitude estimatesAlgom D, Marks L, Wiesenfeld D. Tapping the social psychology of psychophysical experiments: Mode of responding does not alter statistical properties of magnitude estimates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1991, 29: 226-228. DOI: 10.3758/bf03335242.
- Reliability of magnitude matchingMarks L. Reliability of magnitude matching. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1991, 49: 31-37. PMID: 2011450, DOI: 10.3758/bf03211613.
- Dichotic summation of loudness with small frequency separationsMarks L, Algom D, Benoit J. Dichotic summation of loudness with small frequency separations. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1991, 29: 62-64. DOI: 10.3758/bf03334771.
- Differential context effects in taste perceptionRankin K, Marks L. Differential context effects in taste perception. Chemical Senses 1991, 16: 617-629. DOI: 10.1093/chemse/16.6.617.
- Range and Regression, Loudness Scales, and Loudness Processing: Toward a Context-Bound PsychophysicsAlgom D, Marks L. Range and Regression, Loudness Scales, and Loudness Processing: Toward a Context-Bound Psychophysics. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1990, 16: 706-727. PMID: 2148587, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.16.4.706.
- Synesthesia. A Union of the Senses by Richard E. Cytowic, Springer-Verlag, 1989. DM 148.00/$95.00 (xiv + 354 pages) ISBN 0 387 96807 5Marks L. Synesthesia. A Union of the Senses by Richard E. Cytowic, Springer-Verlag, 1989. DM 148.00/$95.00 (xiv + 354 pages) ISBN 0 387 96807 5. Trends In Neurosciences 1990, 13: 434-435. DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90130-3.
- Processes underlying dimensional interactions: Correspondences between linguistic and nonlinguistic dimensionsMelara R, Marks L. Processes underlying dimensional interactions: Correspondences between linguistic and nonlinguistic dimensions. Memory & Cognition 1990, 18: 477-495. PMID: 2233261, DOI: 10.3758/bf03198481.
- Dimensional Interactions in Language Processing: Investigating Directions and Levels of CrosstalkMelara R, Marks L. Dimensional Interactions in Language Processing: Investigating Directions and Levels of Crosstalk. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory And Cognition 1990, 16: 539-554. PMID: 2142951, DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.16.4.539.
- Hard andsoft interacting dimensions: Differential effects of dual context on classificationMelara R, Marks L. Hard andsoft interacting dimensions: Differential effects of dual context on classification. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1990, 47: 307-325. PMID: 2345683, DOI: 10.3758/bf03210870.
- Perceptual Primacy of Dimensions: Support for a Model of Dimensional InteractionMelara R, Marks L. Perceptual Primacy of Dimensions: Support for a Model of Dimensional Interaction. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1990, 16: 398-414. PMID: 2142208, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.16.2.398.
- Interaction among auditory dimensions: Timbre, pitch, and loudnessMelara R, Marks L. Interaction among auditory dimensions: Timbre, pitch, and loudness. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1990, 48: 169-178. PMID: 2385491, DOI: 10.3758/bf03207084.
- On Cross-Modal Similarity: The Perceptual Structure of Pitch, Loudness, and BrightnessMarks L. On Cross-Modal Similarity: The Perceptual Structure of Pitch, Loudness, and Brightness. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1989, 15: 586-602. PMID: 2527964, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.15.3.586.
- G and S go fishingMarks L. G and S go fishing. Behavioral And Brain Sciences 1989, 12: 282-283. DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00048706.
- Memory psychophysics for tasteAlgom D, Marks L. Memory psychophysics for taste. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1989, 27: 257-259. DOI: 10.3758/bf03334600.
- For Hedgehogs and Foxes: Individual Differences in the Perception of Cross-Modal SimilarityMarks L. For Hedgehogs and Foxes: Individual Differences in the Perception of Cross-Modal Similarity. 1989, 55-65. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74382-5_5.
- Magnitude estimation and sensory matchingMarks L. Magnitude estimation and sensory matching. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1988, 43: 511-525. PMID: 3399349, DOI: 10.3758/bf03207739.
- Magnitude-matching: the measurement of taste and smellMarks L, Stevens J, Bartoshuk L, Gent J, Rifkin B, Stone V. Magnitude-matching: the measurement of taste and smell. Chemical Senses 1988, 13: 63-87. DOI: 10.1093/chemse/13.1.63.
- Bitterness of KCl and benzoate: related to genetic status for sensitivity to PTC/PROPBartoshuk L, Rifkin B, Marks L, Hooper J. Bitterness of KCl and benzoate: related to genetic status for sensitivity to PTC/PROP. Chemical Senses 1988, 13: 517-528. DOI: 10.1093/chemse/13.4.517.
- On Cross-Modal Similarity: Auditory-Visual Interactions in Speeded DiscriminationMarks L. On Cross-Modal Similarity: Auditory-Visual Interactions in Speeded Discrimination. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1987, 13: 384-394. PMID: 2958587, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.13.3.384.
- On cross-modal similarity: Perceiving temporal patterns by hearing, touch, and visionMarks L. On cross-modal similarity: Perceiving temporal patterns by hearing, touch, and vision. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1987, 42: 250-256. PMID: 3671050, DOI: 10.3758/bf03203076.
- Perceiving similarity and comprehending metaphor.Marks L, Hammeal R, Bornstein M, Smith L. Perceiving similarity and comprehending metaphor. Monographs Of The Society For Research In Child Development 1987, 52: 1-102. PMID: 3431563, DOI: 10.2307/1166084.
- On the Cross-Modal Perception of IntensityMarks L, Szczesiul R, Ohlott P. On the Cross-Modal Perception of Intensity. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1986, 12: 517-534. PMID: 2946807, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.12.4.517.
- Cognitive science and the pragmatics of behaviorMarks L. Cognitive science and the pragmatics of behavior. Behavioral And Brain Sciences 1986, 9: 150-150. DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00021907.
- Taste and aging.Bartoshuk L, Rifkin B, Marks L, Bars P. Taste and aging. Journal Of Gerontology 1986, 41: 51-7. PMID: 3941256, DOI: 10.1093/geronj/41.1.51.
- Toward a psychophysics of intentionMarks L. Toward a psychophysics of intention. Behavioral And Brain Sciences 1985, 8: 547-547. DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00045003.
- Individual differences in loudness processing and loudness scalesAlgom D, Marks L. Individual differences in loudness processing and loudness scales. Journal Of Experimental Psychology General 1984, 113: 571-593. PMID: 6240523, DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.113.4.571.
- Synesthesia and the ArtsMarks L. Synesthesia and the Arts. 1984, 19: 427-447. DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4115(08)62362-6.
- Individual differences in perceived exertion assessed by two new methodsMarks L, Borg G, Ljunggren G. Individual differences in perceived exertion assessed by two new methods. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1983, 34: 280-288. PMID: 6646971, DOI: 10.3758/bf03202957.
- Similarities And Differences Among The SensesMarks L. Similarities And Differences Among The Senses. International Journal Of Neuroscience 1983, 19: 1-11. PMID: 6874244, DOI: 10.3109/00207458309148640.
- Twelve meanings of the measure constant in psychophysical power functionsBorg G, Marks L. Twelve meanings of the measure constant in psychophysical power functions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1983, 21: 73-75. DOI: 10.3758/bf03329958.
- Electrocutaneous stimulation III. The perception of temporal orderMarks L, Girvin J, O’Keefe M, Ning P, Quest D, Antunes J, Dobelle W. Electrocutaneous stimulation III. The perception of temporal order. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1982, 32: 537-541. PMID: 7167351, DOI: 10.3758/bf03204207.
- Electrocutaneous stimulation II. The estimation of distance between two pointsMarks L, Girvin J, Quest D, Antunes J, Ning P, O’Keefe M, Dobelle W. Electrocutaneous stimulation II. The estimation of distance between two points. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1982, 32: 529-536. PMID: 7167350, DOI: 10.3758/bf03204206.
- Electrocutaneous stimulation L The effects of stimulus parameters on absolute thresholdGirvin J, Marks L, Antunes J, Quest D, O’Keefe M, Ning P, Dobelle W. Electrocutaneous stimulation L The effects of stimulus parameters on absolute threshold. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1982, 32: 524-528. PMID: 7167349, DOI: 10.3758/bf03204205.
- Thermal stimulus thresholds: Sources of variabilityGray L, Stevens J, Marks L. Thermal stimulus thresholds: Sources of variability. Physiology & Behavior 1982, 29: 355-360. PMID: 7146141, DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(82)90026-9.
- Bright sneezes and dark coughs, loud sunlight and soft moonlightMarks L. Bright sneezes and dark coughs, loud sunlight and soft moonlight. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1982, 8: 177-193. PMID: 6461716, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.8.2.177.
- What (good) are scales of sensation?Marks L. What (good) are scales of sensation? Behavioral And Brain Sciences 1981, 4: 199-200. DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00008396.
- Binaural summation of loudness: Noise and two-tone complexesMarks L. Binaural summation of loudness: Noise and two-tone complexes. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1980, 27: 489-498. PMID: 7393695, DOI: 10.3758/bf03198676.
- Cross-modality matching functions generated by magnitude estimationStevens J, Marks L. Cross-modality matching functions generated by magnitude estimation. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1980, 27: 379-389. PMID: 7383826, DOI: 10.3758/bf03204456.
- Psychophysical judgment: Wundt's theory revisitedMarks L. Psychophysical judgment: Wundt's theory revisited. Psychological Research 1980, 42: 157-164. DOI: 10.1007/bf00308699.
- Ratio scaling of taste intensity by a matching procedureMarks L, Bartoshuk L. Ratio scaling of taste intensity by a matching procedure. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1979, 26: 335-339. DOI: 10.3758/bf03204157.
- Sensory and cognitive factors in judgments of loudnessMarks L. Sensory and cognitive factors in judgments of loudness. Journal Of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance 1979, 5: 426-443. PMID: 528950, DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.5.3.426.
- Invariance, richness, recodingMarks L. Invariance, richness, recoding. Behavioral And Brain Sciences 1979, 2: 272-272. DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00062403.
- A theory of loudness and loudness judgmentsMarks L. A theory of loudness and loudness judgments. Psychological Review 1979, 86: 256-285. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.86.3.256.
- Spatial summation of coldStevens J, Marks L. Spatial summation of cold. Physiology & Behavior 1979, 22: 541-547. PMID: 461544, DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(79)90023-4.
- A critique of Dawson and Miller’s “Inverse attribute functions and the proposed modifications of the power law”Marks L. A critique of Dawson and Miller’s “Inverse attribute functions and the proposed modifications of the power law”. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1978, 24: 569-570. PMID: 751002, DOI: 10.3758/bf03198785.
- Does the brain mind?Marks L. Does the brain mind? Behavioral And Brain Sciences 1978, 1: 358-359. DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00075336.
- MENTAL MEASUREMENT AND THE PSYCHOPHYSICS OF SENSORY PROCESSESMarks L. MENTAL MEASUREMENT AND THE PSYCHOPHYSICS OF SENSORY PROCESSES. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 1978, 309: 3-17. PMID: 284725, DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb29438.x.
- 6 The Unity of the SensesMARKS L. 6 The Unity of the Senses. 1978, 181-192. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-472960-5.50011-1.
- 3 The Doctrine of Analogous Sensory Attributes and QualitiesMARKS L. 3 The Doctrine of Analogous Sensory Attributes and Qualities. 1978, 49-103. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-472960-5.50008-1.
- 1 IntroductionMARKS L. 1 Introduction. 1978, 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-472960-5.50006-8.
- 7 Sound Symbolism in PoetryMARKS L. 7 Sound Symbolism in Poetry. 1978, 193-209. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-472960-5.50012-3.
- 2 The Doctrine of Equivalent InformationMARKS L. 2 The Doctrine of Equivalent Information. 1978, 11-48. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-472960-5.50007-x.
- 4 The Doctrine of Common Psychophysical PropertiesMARKS L. 4 The Doctrine of Common Psychophysical Properties. 1978, 105-143. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-472960-5.50009-3.
- 5 The Doctrine of Neural CorrespondencesMARKS L. 5 The Doctrine of Neural Correspondences. 1978, 145-179. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-472960-5.50010-x.
- 8 Synesthetic Metaphor in PoetryMARKS L. 8 Synesthetic Metaphor in Poetry. 1978, 211-255. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-472960-5.50013-5.
- MSG-ReplyBartoshuk L, Cain W, Cleveland C, Marks L, Stevens J, Stolwijk J. MSG-Reply. JAMA 1975, 233: 225-225. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1975.03260030014004.
- On colored-hearing synesthesia: Cross-modal translations of sensory dimensionsMarks L. On colored-hearing synesthesia: Cross-modal translations of sensory dimensions. Psychological Bulletin 1975, 82: 303-331. PMID: 1096209, DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.82.3.303.
- Spatial localization of warmthTaus R, Stevens J, Marks L. Spatial localization of warmth. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1975, 17: 194-196. DOI: 10.3758/bf03203885.
- Regional sensitivity and spatial summation in the warmth senseStevens J, Marks L, Simonson D. Regional sensitivity and spatial summation in the warmth sense. Physiology & Behavior 1974, 13: 825-836. PMID: 4445288, DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(74)90269-8.
- Blue-sensitive cones can mediate brightnessMarks L. Blue-sensitive cones can mediate brightness. Vision Research 1974, 14: 1493-1494. PMID: 4446383, DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(74)90029-7.
- Saltiness of Monosodium Glutamate And Sodium IntakeBartoshuk L, Cain W, Cleveland C, Grossman L, Marks L, Stevens J, Stolwijk J. Saltiness of Monosodium Glutamate And Sodium Intake. JAMA 1974, 230: 670-670. PMID: 4479210, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1974.03240050018008.
- Spectral sensitivity of the modulation-sensitive mechanism of visionMarks L, Bornstein M. Spectral sensitivity of the modulation-sensitive mechanism of vision. Vision Research 1974, 14: 665-669. PMID: 4424883, DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(74)90062-5.
- On scales of sensation: Prolegomena to any future psychophysics that will be able to come forth as scienceMarks L. On scales of sensation: Prolegomena to any future psychophysics that will be able to come forth as science. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1974, 16: 358-376. DOI: 10.3758/bf03203956.
- Skin Temperature Modifies the Pleasantness of Thermal StimuliMARKS L, GONZALEZ R. Skin Temperature Modifies the Pleasantness of Thermal Stimuli. Nature 1974, 247: 473-475. PMID: 4818544, DOI: 10.1038/247473a0.
- Spatial Summation in the Warmth SenseMarks L. Spatial Summation in the Warmth Sense. 1974, 369-378. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-2245-3_36.
- Temporal summation related to the nature of the proximal stimulus for the warmth senseMarks L, Stevens J. Temporal summation related to the nature of the proximal stimulus for the warmth sense. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1973, 14: 570-576. DOI: 10.3758/bf03211199.
- Temporal summation at the warmth thresholdStevens J, Okulicz W, Marks L. Temporal summation at the warmth threshold. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1973, 14: 307-312. DOI: 10.3758/bf03212396.
- Brightness and equivalent intensity of intrinsic lightMarks L. Brightness and equivalent intensity of intrinsic light. Vision Research 1973, 13: 371-382. PMID: 4692526, DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(73)90114-4.
- Photopic luminosity measured by the method of critical frequencyBornstein M, Marks L. Photopic luminosity measured by the method of critical frequency. Vision Research 1972, 12: 2023-2033. PMID: 4539068, DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(72)90056-9.
- Brightness function: Role of the pupilStevens J, Marks L. Brightness function: Role of the pupil. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1972, 11: 403-405. DOI: 10.3758/bf03206277.
- Visual brightness: Some applications of a modelMarks L. Visual brightness: Some applications of a model. Vision Research 1972, 12: 1409-1423. PMID: 5071111, DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(72)90187-3.
- Perception of intervals and magnitudes for three prothetic continuaMarks L, Cain W. Perception of intervals and magnitudes for three prothetic continua. Journal Of Experimental Psychology 1972, 94: 6-17. PMID: 5032215, DOI: 10.1037/h0032746.
- Spatial summation in relation to the dynamics of warmth sensationMarks L. Spatial summation in relation to the dynamics of warmth sensation. International Journal Of Biometeorology 1971, 15: 106-110. PMID: 5146795, DOI: 10.1007/bf01803882.
- Spatial summation and the dynamics of warmth sensationStevens J, Marks L. Spatial summation and the dynamics of warmth sensation. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1971, 9: 391-398. DOI: 10.3758/bf03210236.
- Brightness and retinal locus: Effects of target size and spectral compositionMarks L. Brightness and retinal locus: Effects of target size and spectral composition. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1971, 9: 26-30. DOI: 10.3758/bf03213022.
- Absolute sensitivity to white noise under auxiliary visual stimulation1Bothe G, Marks L. Absolute sensitivity to white noise under auxiliary visual stimulation1. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1970, 8: 176-178. DOI: 10.3758/bf03210200.
- The quantitative assessment of thermal discomfortStevens J, Marks L, Gagge A. The quantitative assessment of thermal discomfort. Environmental Research 1969, 2: 149-165. PMID: 5788906, DOI: 10.1016/0013-9351(69)90035-8.
- The form of the psychophysical function near thresholdMarks L, Stevens J. The form of the psychophysical function near threshold. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1968, 4: 315-318. DOI: 10.3758/bf03210523.
- Perceived warmth and skin temperature as functions of the duration and level of thermal irradiation!Marks L, Stevens J. Perceived warmth and skin temperature as functions of the duration and level of thermal irradiation! Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1968, 4: 220-228. DOI: 10.3758/bf03206306.
- Thermally induced pain, the Dol scale, and the psychophysical power law.Adair E, Stevens J, Marks L. Thermally induced pain, the Dol scale, and the psychophysical power law. The American Journal Of Psychology 1968, 81: 147-64. PMID: 5747959, DOI: 10.2307/1421259.
- Brightness as a function of retinal locus in the light-adapted eyeMarks L. Brightness as a function of retinal locus in the light-adapted eye. Vision Research 1968, 8: 525-535. PMID: 5760612, DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(68)90093-x.
- Apparent warmth as a function of thermal irradiationStevens J, Marks L. Apparent warmth as a function of thermal irradiation. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 1967, 2: 613-619. DOI: 10.3758/bf03210279.
- Marks, L.E., & Mulvenna, C.M. (2013). Synesthesia on our mind. Theoria et Historia Scientiarum, 10, 13-35.Marks, L.E., & Mulvenna, C.M. (2013). Synesthesia on our mind. Theoria et Historia Scientiarum, 10, 13-35.