Xiao Xu, PhD, MA
Associate Professor Adjunct of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesCards
Contact Info
Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
310 Cedar Street, LSOG 205B, PO Box 208063
New Haven, CT 06510
United States
About
Titles
Associate Professor Adjunct of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
Biography
Dr. Xiao Xu is an Associate Professor in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at Yale School of Medicine, and a faculty member of Yale Cancer Center and Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center (COPPER). As a health economist and health services researcher, her work seeks to promote the delivery of high-quality and high-value care. Her research focuses on examining and identifying factors that influence the quality, outcomes, and value of care, with a focus on women's health care. Her recent studies examined hospital and geographic variation in care utilization, costs, and patient outcomes; comparative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of alternative treatment strategies; and gender and racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Dr. Xu is also actively involved in the teaching of medical students, clinical residents/fellows, and postgraduate/postdoctoral fellows. She mentors trainees on research design and methodology, and lectures on methods of data collection, data analysis, and cost effectiveness evaluation.
Dr. Xu has served as a principal investigator or co-investigator on multiple research grants funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and various research foundations. She received honorable mention for the Aetna Susan B. Anthony Award for excellence in research on older women and public health from the American Public Health Association (Gerontological Health Section) in 2005, the Frank J. McDevitt Excellence in Research Award in Policy Research from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation in 2008 and 2011, and the Carol Weisman & Gary Chase Gender-Based Research Award from the AcademyHealth in 2017. Dr. Xu is a member of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, AcademyHealth, the International Health Economics Association, and the Gerontological Society of America.
Departments & Organizations
Education & Training
- PhD
- Wayne State University, Economics (2004)
- MA
- Wayne State University, Economics (2002)
Research
Overview
Medical Research Interests
Public Health Interests
ORCID
0000-0001-6519-1731
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Publications Timeline
Research Interests
Vrunda Desai, MD, FACOG
Jessica Illuzzi, MD, MS, FACOG
Cary Gross, MD
Katherine Harper Campbell, MD, MPH
Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM
Jeph Herrin, PhD
Costs and Cost Analysis
Publications
2025
Peer Influence on Physicians in Adopting Opportunistic Salpingectomy at the Time of Hysterectomy
Xu X, Long J, Pollack C, Desai V, Gross C, Spatz E, Wright J. Peer Influence on Physicians in Adopting Opportunistic Salpingectomy at the Time of Hysterectomy. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology 2025 PMID: 40254276, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2025.04.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRate of opportunistic salpingectomyOpportunistic salpingectomyInpatient hysterectomyOvarian cancer risk reductionHighest quartilesTime of hysterectomyCancer risk reductionIndex physicianCancer prevention strategiesMultivariate regression analysisFallopian tubePeer physiciansSurgical routeSurgical indicationsFemale patientsSalpingectomyHysterectomyCounseling patientsPatientsPrevention strategiesIncreased likelihoodPhysiciansRegression analysisRisk reductionComplete removal
2024
Labor and delivery unit practices and racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity among nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies
Leonard S, Xu X, Davies-Balch S, Main E, Bateman B, Rehkopf D, Lee H, Illuzzi J, Igbinosa I, Iwekaogwu I, Lyell D. Labor and delivery unit practices and racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity among nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2024, kwae459. PMID: 39691947, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae459.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricConceptsLow-risk pregnanciesEthnic disparitiesUnit practicesAI/AN individualsNulliparous individualsNeonatal morbidityDisparity measuresAlaska NativesDelivery unitLatino individualsSevere neonatal morbidityWhite individualsLatent class analysisG-estimationSurvey responsesDisparitiesHospitalClass analysisMorbidityDeliveryIndividualsPracticeBirthPregnancyAI/ANImproving care after stillbirth
Sweeney L, Reddy U, Xu X. Improving care after stillbirth. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology 2024, 232: e159. PMID: 39547349, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.11.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPhysician variation in adopting prophylactic salpingectomy at the time of postpartum sterilization for ovarian cancer risk reduction
Xu X, Desai V, Gross C, Spatz E, Schwartz P, Wright J. Physician variation in adopting prophylactic salpingectomy at the time of postpartum sterilization for ovarian cancer risk reduction. Gynecologic Oncology 2024, 190: s318-s319. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.07.480.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDiagnostic experiences of Black and White patients with uterine cancer: A qualitative study
Britton M, Izampuye E, Clark M, Ornstein R, Nunez-Smith M, Wright J, Xu X. Diagnostic experiences of Black and White patients with uterine cancer: A qualitative study. Gynecologic Oncology 2024, 191: 67-73. PMID: 39362045, PMCID: PMC11637892, DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.09.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricConceptsDiagnosis of uterine cancerUterine cancerRacial disparitiesHealthcare systemSocial determinants of healthNon-Hispanic White (WhiteGynecologic careDeterminants of healthDiscriminatory experiencesSemi-structured interviewsPatient engagementSocial determinantsAcceptance of discomfortHealthcare accessPerceived barriersPatient experienceThematic analysisDiagnostic journeyQualitative studyAudio-recordedBlack respondentsWhite patientsNegative experiencesHealthcareStage II-IV diseaseTubal Sterilization Rates by State Abortion Laws After the Dobbs Decision
Xu X, Chen L, Desai V, Gross C, Pollack C, Schwartz P, Wright J. Tubal Sterilization Rates by State Abortion Laws After the Dobbs Decision. JAMA 2024, 332: 1204-1206. PMID: 39259564, PMCID: PMC11391354, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.16862.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricStimulation Therapy to Induce Mothers: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Tortal D, Shabanova V, Taylor S, Xu X, McAdow M, Stetson B, McCollum S, Sanchez E, Adjakple A, Leventhal J, Son M. Stimulation Therapy to Induce Mothers: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols 2024, 13: e63463. PMID: 39207839, PMCID: PMC11393510, DOI: 10.2196/63463.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricImpact of medicaid expansion on cervical cancer screening: A state-specific difference in difference analysis
Bergstein A, Huang Y, Hershman D, Xu X, Wright J. Impact of medicaid expansion on cervical cancer screening: A state-specific difference in difference analysis. Gynecologic Oncology 2024, 189: 49-55. PMID: 39013240, DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.06.028.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsCervical cancer screeningBaseline screening ratesNon-expansion statesCancer screeningMedicaid expansion statesScreening ratesExpansion statesMedicaid expansionBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance SystemRisk Factor Surveillance SystemImpact of Medicaid expansionPre-expansion periodPost-expansion periodAffordable Care ActEffect of Medicaid expansionOutcome measuresCare ActMedicaid coverageHousehold incomeEvaluate trendsSurveillance systemMedicaidDiD analysisState-specific differencesFemale respondentsImplementation of a multi-site neonatal simulation improvement program: a cost analysis
Xu X, Yao J, Bohnert J, Yamada N, Lee H. Implementation of a multi-site neonatal simulation improvement program: a cost analysis. BMC Health Services Research 2024, 24: 623. PMID: 38741098, PMCID: PMC11090826, DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11075-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsNeonatal resuscitation trainingCalifornia Perinatal Quality Care CollaborativePre-implementation periodResuscitation trainingParticipating sitesPre-implementationNon-financial benefitsSuccessful programsConfidence intervalsMonthly costProgram implementation periodImprovement programsData collection formQuality Improvement ProgramMicro-costing approachCost accountingCare CollaborativeHealthcare sector perspectiveAssist hospitalsU.S. dollarsImplementation periodTeam practiceCollection formMean costTraining curriculumBundled Payments for Care Improvement and Quality of Care and Outcomes in Heart Failure
Oddleifson D, Holmes D, Alhanti B, Xu X, Heidenreich P, Wadhera R, Allen L, Greene S, Fonarow G, Spatz E, Desai N. Bundled Payments for Care Improvement and Quality of Care and Outcomes in Heart Failure. JAMA Cardiology 2024, 9: 222-232. PMID: 38170516, PMCID: PMC10765313, DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.5009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricConceptsNon-BPCI hospitalsCause readmission rateReadmission ratesHeart failureSignificant differential changesCare measuresHospital participationBPCI hospitalsHospital mortalityEnzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockersMortality rateBPCI programAngiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitorEvidence-based β-blockersGuidelines-Heart Failure registryEnd pointBPCI Model 2Heart failure educationAngiotensin receptor blockersPrimary end pointSecondary end pointsThird of patientsCardiac resynchronization therapyCause mortality ratesHeart failure program
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Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
310 Cedar Street, LSOG 205B, PO Box 208063
New Haven, CT 06510
United States