Karen L Lankford, PhD
Associate Research Scientist in NeurologyCards
Appointments
Contact Info
About
Copy Link
Titles
Associate Research Scientist in Neurology
Biography
Karen Lankford has a broadly based background in biology and over thirty years of experience with cell culture and quantitative morphometric analysis techniques using a wide variety of light and electron microscopic procedures. She is philosophically committed to following the data wherever it may lead, even when it involves shifting the direction and learning new techniques.
In addition to her research activities, she is in the process of attempting to develop a nonprofit website to provide basic brain science information to patients and families dealing with serious neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders. The site will provide this information in a layman friendly conversational tone with the goal of helping patients and family members understand what their doctor is trying to explain to them and participate in a more meaningful way in treatment decision.
Appointments
Neurology
Associate Research ScientistPrimary
Other Departments & Organizations
Education & Training
- PhD
- Northwestern University (1987)
Research
Copy Link
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Publications Timeline
Jeffery Kocsis, PhD
Masahito Nakazaki
Former YSMMasanori Sasaki, MD, PhD
Stephen Waxman, MD, PhD
Osamu Honmou, MD, PhD
Tomokazu S Sumida, MD, PhD
Publications
2026
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in brain disorders: mechanisms of repair and recovery
Nakazaki M, Lankford K, Ukai R, Hirota R, Oka S, Sasaki M, Kocsis J, Honmou O. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in brain disorders: mechanisms of repair and recovery. Frontiers In Cellular Neuroscience 2026, 20: 1819046. PMID: 42179845, PMCID: PMC13193808, DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2026.1819046.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricConceptsMSC-sEVsCentral nervous systemMultiple sclerosisBlood-brain barrier restorationCargo to target cellsExtracellular vesiclesActivation of endogenous neural stem cellsPreservation of mitochondrial functionClinical validationPromotion of neurite outgrowthCytoskeletal remodelingMitophagy regulationTraumatic brain injuryEndogenous neural stem cellsCell-derived extracellular vesiclesGrowth signalsNeurological disordersMitochondrial functionAnti-inflammatory phenotypeBlood-brain barrierEffective regenerative therapiesCell-free approachCell-derived small extracellular vesiclesCell-free therapeuticsNeural stem cellsThe Pivotal Roles of Macrophages and Microglia in Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicle–Mediated Tissue Repair After Spinal Cord Injury
Nakazaki M, Lankford K, Yokoyama T, Ukai R, Hirota R, Oka S, Sasaki M, Kocsis J, Honmou O. The Pivotal Roles of Macrophages and Microglia in Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicle–Mediated Tissue Repair After Spinal Cord Injury. Frontiers In Bioscience-Landmark 2026, 31: 47612. PMID: 42052826, DOI: 10.31083/fbl47612.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsBlood-spinal cord barrierSpinal cord injuryNOD-like receptor protein 3Myeloid cellsMSC-sEVsTherapeutic benefitInfiltration of peripheral immune cellsPericyte-endothelial interactionsCell-free therapeutic approachProduction of proinflammatory cytokinesProtein re-expressionSpinal cord injury pathophysiologyCord injuryExpression of anti-inflammatory mediatorsPeripheral immune cellsTransforming growth factor-betaActivated B cellsCD206+ macrophagesKappa-light-chain-enhancerRemoval of myelin debrisProgression of injuryM2-like phenotypeAnti-inflammatory mediatorsGrowth factor-betaReprogramming of macrophagesContinuous intravenous infusion of human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in spinal cord injured rat modulates extracellular matrix and has greater therapeutic efficacy than multiple single injections
Nakazaki M, Lankford K, Toyoshima M, Tanaka Y, Sumida T, Kocsis J. Continuous intravenous infusion of human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in spinal cord injured rat modulates extracellular matrix and has greater therapeutic efficacy than multiple single injections. Neurotherapeutics 2026, 23: e00892. PMID: 41894999, PMCID: PMC13054005, DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e00892.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsSpinal cord injured ratsContinuous intravenous infusionCell-derived small extracellular vesiclesContinuous infusionDaily injectionsOsmotic pumpTotal doseM2 macrophagesSmall extracellular vesiclesPBS-treated ratsDaily iv injectionsExtracellular vesiclesIn vitro uptakeMotor recoveryInjured ratsTreated ratsSCI ratsIV infusionTherapeutic efficacyExtracellular matrix depositionIV injectionTherapeutic outcomesMotor function recoveryFibrosis pathwaysInjury siteIntranasal administration of human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles delays disease progression in the SOD1(G93A) mouse model
Hirota R, Lankford K, Nakazaki M, Toyoshima M, Kocsis J. Intranasal administration of human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles delays disease progression in the SOD1(G93A) mouse model. Molecular Brain 2026, 19: 22. PMID: 41776544, PMCID: PMC13063686, DOI: 10.1186/s13041-026-01288-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricConceptsIntranasal administrationMSC-sEV treatmentMSC-sEVsSmall extracellular vesiclesCentral nervous systemMouse modelAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisMesenchymal stem/stromal cellsPreservation of neurological functionNasal epithelial barrierMSC-derived small extracellular vesiclesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse modelCell-free therapeutic approachProgressive motor neuron lossVehicle-treated controlsLong-term administrationDelay disease progressionMotor neuron lossClinically Meaningful OutcomesTotal survival timeModels of injuryBlood-brain barrierDisease-modifying therapiesTransgenic mouse modelSurvival duration
2024
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier Repair Following Spinal Cord Injury
Nakazaki M, Yokoyama T, Lankford K, Hirota R, Kocsis J, Honmou O. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Mechanisms for Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier Repair Following Spinal Cord Injury. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences 2024, 25: 13460. PMID: 39769223, PMCID: PMC11677717, DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413460.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsCitationsMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsBlood-spinal cord barrierBSCB repairMesenchymal stromal/stem cellsSpinal cord injuryMSC-EVsMesenchymal stromal/stem cell therapyBlood-spinal cord barrier integritySpinal cord homeostasisBlood-spinal cord barrier permeabilityCord injuryImpaired axonal regenerationTreating spinal cord injuryCell-free alternativeExtracellular vesiclesTight junction proteinsSpinal neural tissueBlood-brain barrierImprove patient outcomesAnti-inflammatory propertiesImmune cellsPreclinical studiesJunction proteinsSecreted extracellular vesiclesClinical trialsReduce inflammation
2023
Human mesenchymal stem‐derived extracellular vesicles improve body growth and motor function following severe spinal cord injury in rat
Nakazaki M, Lankford K, Yamamoto H, Mae Y, Kocsis J. Human mesenchymal stem‐derived extracellular vesicles improve body growth and motor function following severe spinal cord injury in rat. Clinical And Translational Medicine 2023, 13: e1284. PMID: 37323108, PMCID: PMC10272923, DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1284.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsSpinal cord injurySevere spinal cord injuryFunctional motor recoveryYoung adult ratsMotor recoveryMesenchymal stem/stromal cellsSmall extracellular vesiclesMSC-sEVsCord injuryM2 macrophagesMotor functionAdult ratsBody growthPro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosisAdult spinal cord injuryDay 7 post-SCISystemic pro-inflammatory cytokinesIGF-1 levelsPro-inflammatory cytokinesCytokine tumor necrosisSystemic serum levelsBroad therapeutic benefitsNormal body growthExtracellular vesiclesDifferent treatment groupsDeriving Schwann cells from hPSCs enables disease modeling and drug discovery for diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Majd H, Amin S, Ghazizadeh Z, Cesiulis A, Arroyo E, Lankford K, Majd A, Farahvashi S, Chemel A, Okoye M, Scantlen M, Tchieu J, Calder E, Le Rouzic V, Shibata B, Arab A, Goodarzi H, Pasternak G, Kocsis J, Chen S, Studer L, Fattahi F. Deriving Schwann cells from hPSCs enables disease modeling and drug discovery for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Cell Stem Cell 2023, 30: 632-647.e10. PMID: 37146583, PMCID: PMC10249419, DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.04.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsDiabetic peripheral neuropathySchwann cellsPeripheral neuropathyPeripheral nervous systemPrimary Schwann cellsBupropion treatmentDiabetic patientsMyelin damageSensory dysfunctionPrimary gliaSelective vulnerabilityAntidepressant drugsHyperglycemic miceLower incidenceRetrospective analysisHuman pluripotent stem cellsSC deathNervous systemTherapeutic candidateHigh glucoseNeuropathyHealth recordsMolecular featuresStem cellsPluripotent stem cells
2013
Sciatic nerve regeneration is not inhibited by anti-NGF antibody treatment in the adult rat
Lankford K, Arroyo E, Liu C, Somps C, Zorbas M, Shelton D, Evans M, Hurst S, Kocsis J. Sciatic nerve regeneration is not inhibited by anti-NGF antibody treatment in the adult rat. Neuroscience 2013, 241: 157-169. PMID: 23531437, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsNerve growth factorAdult ratsNerve regenerationFunctional recoveryAnti-NGF antibody treatmentElevated nerve growth factorUnilateral sciatic nerve crushDorsal root ganglion neuronsAnti-NGF antibodySciatic nerve crushType of painVehicle-treated animalsSciatic nerve regenerationPost nerve injuryNovel therapeutic approachesCell body sizePeripheral nerve regenerationFluro-GoldPeripheral nervous system developmentNerve injuryPain modelNerve crushPain managementAntibody treatmentGait recovery
2012
LOP08
Radtke C, Lankford K, Sasaki M, Kocsis J, Vogt P. LOP08. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 2012, 130: 481. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000418400.18580.18.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2008
18 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: REMYELINATION
KOCSIS J, SASAKI M, LANKFORD K, RADTKE C. 18 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: REMYELINATION. 2008, 413-435. DOI: 10.1016/b978-012373994-0.50020-8.ChaptersCitationsConceptsMyelin-forming cellsMultiple sclerosisConduction abnormalitiesPotential neuroprotective effectsProminent pathological featurePeripheral nervous systemEndogenous progenitor cellsPotassium channel distributionRemyelinated axonsIon channel organizationDemyelinated lesionsNeuroprotective effectsAxonal transectionPathological featuresFunctional deficitsMyelin repairAxonal repairMyelin resultsNervous systemImpulse conductionProgenitor cellsRemyelinationSclerosisTransectionAbnormalities
Get In Touch
Copy Link