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Young-Shin Kim

MD, MPH, PhD

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Young-Shin Kim, MD, MPH, PhD
Rudolph Institute in Korea
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Research Summary

My research is focused on the exploration of the distribution of childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders and disruptive behavioral problems including autism and bullying, and on the understanding of the causes of these conditions, including genetics and environmental risk factors as well as their interactions.

To achieve these goals in my research, a large number of children and their families are recruited from the community, survey and biological sample collections are carried out, and laboratory analyses are followed.

My research on autism has taken place in Korean children, extensively, while my research on bullying has been conducted in both Korean and American children.

Specialized Terms: Epidemiology, genetics, and gene-environmental interactions of childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders; Autism spectrum disorders and bullying

Extensive Research Description

Dr. Kim’s major research efforts involve three areas: 1) The social and psychopathological consequences of school bullying; 2) Epidemiology of childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders; and, 3) The genetics and genetic epidemiology of childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders.

Dr. Kim developed an interdisciplinary research team and completed a series of bullying studies in Korean elementary and middle schools. The purpose of these studies are to examine: (a) the time trend change of prevalence of bullying (either victim, perpetrator or victim-perpetrator); (b) trajectories of bullying behaviors; (c) risk factors that predict bullying behavior; and, (d) bullying as a risk factor in the development of psychopathology and suicidal ideations/behaviors. Parallel studies and anti-bullying intervention studies in US children and adolescents are under preparation.

Currently, Dr. Kim is conducting epidemiological studies, genetic studies, Gene-Environmental Interaction Studies and Neuroimaging Studies of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in South Korea.
1) The international research team screen and assess all school-aged children (N=45,000) from Ilsan (population 513,024). Cases are identified through the disability registry, school surveys and records and self-referrals, and subsequent diagnosis are made by employing a variety of standardized instruments: Korean versions of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnosis Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Korean Wechsler Scale.

2) Leveraging already established infrastructure and research design in the community, our team continue to examine 6-year cumulative incidence of ASD in a prospective design for 2000 and 2001 birth cohorts. This study will provide first accurate incidence rate that was prospectively examined in a total population.

3) Third area of research is to examine the roles of genes, environment and gene-environment interactions in the etiology of childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Dr. Kim completed a family-based association study to examine dopaminergic and serotonergic system genetic markers in Korean children with ADHD. Currently, a genetic epidemiological study of ASD is underway with epidemiologically-ascertained Korean ASD cohort in which the phenotype is carefully determined using state-of-the-art, standardized assessment methods and to generate hypotheses about genotypes, environments and GE interactions.

4) Another large cohorts of children (N=10,000) have been recruited for genetics and GE interactions studies in CheonAn area. Social reciprocity of these children were measured by ASSQ, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children-II (BASC-II) by their parents, their blood or saliva samples have been collected for the genetic analyses, and environmental exposures are measured biologically and with questionnaires.

5) Children with ASD identified from ongoing prevalence and incidence studies and their sex, age and IQ matched control groups have been recruited for sMRI, fMRI and DTI studies to examine brain structure and function. Additionally, these data will serve for neuroigmaing-genetics study for ASD.
  • Prevalence study of ASD in Korean school-aged children;
  • Prospective examination of 6-year cumulative incidence of ASD in Korean children;
  • Genetic Epidemiology of ASD in Korean children;
  • Genetics and GE interactions of social reciprocity in Korean epidemiological sample;
  • Neuroimaging study of Korean children with ASD;
  • Causes and consequences of bullying in adolescents; and
  • Effectiveness of anti-bullying intervention in American children
  • A Gene Environment Interaction in the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Coauthors

Research Interests

Autistic Disorder; Mental Disorders; Child Development; China; Epidemiology; Korea; Global Health; Neuropsychiatry

Selected Publications

  • Adaptation of autism spectrum screening questionnaire (ASSQ) for use in Georgian school settingsZirakashvili M, Gabunia M, Mebonia N, Mikiashvili T, Lomidze G, Bishop S, Leventhal B, Kim Y. Adaptation of autism spectrum screening questionnaire (ASSQ) for use in Georgian school settings. Journal Of Public Mental Health 2022, 21: 309-322. DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-03-2022-0028.
  • 3.41 Effects of COVID-19 and Social Distancing in Individuals With ASD in a Korean General PopulationCho Y, Kim E, Kim H, Kim J, Choi J, Shin B, Di Martino A, Leventhal B, Kim Y. 3.41 Effects of COVID-19 and Social Distancing in Individuals With ASD in a Korean General Population. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2022, 61: s241. PMCID: PMC9553730, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.09.320.
  • 3.47 Social Interaction Via Online Peer Groups Promotes Social Communication for Individuals with ASDLee H, Fadavi F, Kim Y, Leventhal B. 3.47 Social Interaction Via Online Peer Groups Promotes Social Communication for Individuals with ASD. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2022, 61: s243. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.09.326.
  • 3.74 Validation of the Child Behavior Checklist and Achenbach Test Observation Form for Use With american indian Children in the Navajo NationChoi J, Leventhal B, Bishop S, Rennie B, Leckie A, Geib E, Davis J, Wegele A, Roman C, Lewis J, MacKenzie D, Kim Y. 3.74 Validation of the Child Behavior Checklist and Achenbach Test Observation Form for Use With american indian Children in the Navajo Nation. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2022, 61: s252. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.09.353.
  • What is Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Republic of Georgia?Zirakashvili M, Gabunia M, Mebonia N, Mikiashvili T, Chvamania G, Kurashvili E, Nadareishvili V, Bishop S, Kim Y, Leventhal B. What is Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Republic of Georgia? European Psychiatry 2022, 65: s232-s232. PMCID: PMC9566064, DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.600.
  • Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two DecadesLeckman J, Zhang H, Vitale A, Lahnin F, Lynch K, Bondi C, Kim Y, Peterson B. Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two Decades. 2022, 80-85. DOI: 10.4324/9780203822937-8.
  • 6.13 What Happens to Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder After Online Group Social Skills Training? A Pilot Study Using an Online, Personalized Peer Group for Application of the Learned Social SkillsKim H, Kim Y, Fadavi F, Lee H, Leventhal B. 6.13 What Happens to Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder After Online Group Social Skills Training? A Pilot Study Using an Online, Personalized Peer Group for Application of the Learned Social Skills. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2021, 60: s162. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.09.086.
  • BullyingKim Y, Hwang S, Leventhal B. Bullying. 2021, 766-771. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1382.
  • Childhood vaccination as a protective factor for developmental psychopathologyKim B, Ha M, Kim Y, Koh Y, Kwon H, Lim M, Paik K, Kim H, Hong P, Leventhal B. Childhood vaccination as a protective factor for developmental psychopathology. Research In Autism Spectrum Disorders 2020, 79: 101653. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101653.
  • 6.10 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE PREDICTION MODEL FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN A KOREAN GENERAL POPULATIONKim H, Kim H, Koh Y, Leventhal B, Kim Y. 6.10 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE PREDICTION MODEL FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN A KOREAN GENERAL POPULATION. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2020, 59: s162. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.103.
  • Sampling in the Examination of Gene-Environmental Interactions Within a Neurodevelopmental Disorder FrameworkKim Y. Sampling in the Examination of Gene-Environmental Interactions Within a Neurodevelopmental Disorder Framework. 2017, 131-144. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-49227-8_7.
  • Cross-Cultural Aspect of Behavior Assessment System for Children-2, Parent Rating Scale-Child: Standardization in Korean ChildrenSong J, Leventhal BL, Koh Y, Cheon K, Hong HJ, Kim Y, Cho K, Lim E, Park JI, Kim Y. Cross-Cultural Aspect of Behavior Assessment System for Children-2, Parent Rating Scale-Child: Standardization in Korean Children. Yonsei Medical Journal 2017, 58: 439-448. PMID: 28120577, PMCID: PMC5290026, DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.2.439.
  • 2.39 BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR CHILDREN-2, PARENT RATING SCALE-CHILDREN AS A POTENTIAL SCREENER FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN KOREAN CHILDRENSong J, Kim Y, Leventhal B, Koh Y, Cheon K, Hong H, Kim E. 2.39 BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR CHILDREN-2, PARENT RATING SCALE-CHILDREN AS A POTENTIAL SCREENER FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN KOREAN CHILDREN. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2016, 55: s133. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.105.
  • 3.38 AUTISM AND MENTAL ILLNESS IN A KOREAN-AMERICAN EVANGELICAL COMMUNITY: A MIXED METHODS APPROACHHong P, Leventhal B, Sullivan A, Kim B, Kim Y. 3.38 AUTISM AND MENTAL ILLNESS IN A KOREAN-AMERICAN EVANGELICAL COMMUNITY: A MIXED METHODS APPROACH. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2016, 55: s154. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.170.
  • 1.22 PRENATAL EXPOSURES TO PATERNAL SMOKING AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERKim B, Ha M, Leventhal B, Hong P, Kwon H, Kim Y. 1.22 PRENATAL EXPOSURES TO PATERNAL SMOKING AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2016, 55: s106-s107. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.023.
  • 1.6 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF SCREENING FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERHirota T, Kim Y, So R, Leventhal B, Epstein R. 1.6 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF SCREENING FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2016, 55: s101. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.007.
  • Hats Off: Journal Awards 2015Martin A, Joshi P, Hulvershorn L, Kim Y, Stringaris A. Hats Off: Journal Awards 2015. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2015, 54: 1054-1055. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.09.011.
  • A contrast of comorbid condition and adaptive function between children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from clinical and non-clinical populationsPark J, Kim Y, Koh Y, Song J, Leventhal B. A contrast of comorbid condition and adaptive function between children with Autism Spectrum Disorder from clinical and non-clinical populations. Research In Autism Spectrum Disorders 2014, 8: 1471-1481. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.014.
  • BullyingKim Y, Hwang S, Leventhal B. Bullying. 2013, 484-490. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1382.
  • Bullying and the Development of Antisocial BehaviorHwang S, Kim Y, Leventhal B. Bullying and the Development of Antisocial Behavior. 2012, 159-180. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199753475.003.0008.
  • Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience QuestionnaireYen C, Kim Y, Tang T, Wu Y, Cheng C. Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Chinese version of the School Bullying Experience Questionnaire. The Kaohsiung Journal Of Medical Sciences 2012, 28: 500-505. PMID: 22974670, DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.04.008.
  • The Autistic Spectrum DisordersTobe R, Kim Y, Owley T, Leventhal B. The Autistic Spectrum Disorders. 2012, 353-376. DOI: 10.1002/9781119962229.ch21.
  • Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Total Population SampleKim YS, Leventhal BL, Koh YJ, Fombonne E, Laska E, Lim EC, Cheon KA, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Lee H, Song DH, Grinker RR. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Total Population Sample. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2011, 168: 904-912. PMID: 21558103, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101532.
  • Gender Differences of Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Problems According to the Extracurricular EducationSong J, Jon D, Soek J, Hong N, Kim Y, Hong H. Gender Differences of Externalizing and Internalizing Behavior Problems According to the Extracurricular Education. Journal Of Korean Academy Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry 2010, 21: 37-44. DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.2010.21.1.037.
  • Time Trends, Trajectories, and Demographic Predictors of Bullying: A Prospective Study in Korean AdolescentsKim YS, Boyce WT, Koh YJ, Leventhal BL. Time Trends, Trajectories, and Demographic Predictors of Bullying: A Prospective Study in Korean Adolescents. Journal Of Adolescent Health 2009, 45: 360-367. PMID: 19766940, DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.02.005.
  • Bullying Increased Suicide Risk: Prospective Study of Korean AdolescentsKim YS, Leventhal BL, Koh YJ, Boyce WT. Bullying Increased Suicide Risk: Prospective Study of Korean Adolescents. Archives Of Suicide Research 2009, 13: 15-30. PMID: 19123106, DOI: 10.1080/13811110802572098.
  • School Bullying and Youth Violence: Causes or Consequences of Psychopathologic Behavior?Kim YS, Leventhal BL, Koh YJ, Hubbard A, Boyce WT. School Bullying and Youth Violence: Causes or Consequences of Psychopathologic Behavior? JAMA Psychiatry 2006, 63: 1035-1041. PMID: 16953006, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.9.1035.
  • A Primary Candidate Gene for Obsessive-compulsive DisorderLeckman JF, Kim YS. A Primary Candidate Gene for Obsessive-compulsive Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2006, 63: 717-720. PMID: 16818860, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.717.
  • An interaction between the serotonin transporter promoter region and dopamine transporter polymorphisms contributes to harm avoidance and reward dependence traits in normal healthy subjectsKim SJ, Kim YS, Lee HS, Kim SY, Kim C. An interaction between the serotonin transporter promoter region and dopamine transporter polymorphisms contributes to harm avoidance and reward dependence traits in normal healthy subjects. Journal Of Neural Transmission 2006, 113: 877-886. PMID: 16604301, DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0444-3.
  • An association study of catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A polymorphisms and personality traits in KoreansKim J, Kim YS, Kim SY, Lee HS, Kim CH. An association study of catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A polymorphisms and personality traits in Koreans. Neuroscience Letters 2006, 401: 154-158. PMID: 16584839, DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.006.
  • Family‐based association study of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in Korean ADHD triosKim S, Badner J, Cheon K, Kim B, Yoo H, Kim S, Cook E, Leventhal BL, Kim YS. Family‐based association study of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in Korean ADHD trios. American Journal Of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics 2005, 139B: 14-18. PMID: 16082698, DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30214.
  • PosterAleksic O, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Popovic-Deusic S, Pirgic B, Sojic I, Correll C, Parikh U, Olshanskiy V, Chopra B, Kane J, Malhotra A, Sieslack S, Barth G, Klosinski G, Sadigorsky S, Kronenberg S, Frisch A, Williams N, Tonge B, King N, Melvin G, Dudley A, Gordon M, Klimkeit E, Hatch S, Breddy J, DeCory H, Cameron S, Solanto M, Serra-Pinheiro M, Sousa I, Mattos P, Gomes F, Pastura G, Popovic-Deusic S, Aleksic O, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Milinkovic D, Bilke O, Kühnel S, Winterfeld B, Campo J, Perel J, Axelson D, Bridge J, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Brent D, Hatch S, Sonuga-Barke E, Sanchez D, Pavuluri M, Henry D, Carbray J, Sampson G, Naylor M, Janicak P, Gebhardt S, Theisen F, Haberhausen M, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Wehmeier P, Krieg J, Kühnau W, Schmidtke J, Remschmidt H, Hebebrand J, Clement H, Fleischhaker C, Hennighausen K, Schulz E, Frank R, Karamete B, Löndahl G, Gustafsson P, Parnegdrd A, Rigon G, Chiodo S, Mancaruso A, Poggioli D, Costa S, Pires P, Brito I, Carvalho I, Almeida S, Zaragoza P, Shevchenko Y, Korneeva V, Stankovic M, Lakic A, Milovanovic V, Stankovic S, Korneeva V, Shevchenko Y, Hobrücker B, Caby F, Chambry J, Laudrin S, Graindorge C, Oiji A, Morioka Y, Murata A, Sato M, Hashizume Y, Müller K, Werner W, Martin M, Mattejat E, Olivieri M, Simoncini A, Marchegiani S, Muratori M, Borsetti G, Farrag S, Olivieri M, Coltrinari R, Borsetti G, Habib D, Fung D, Lee N, Ohmann S, Popow C, Lanzenberger M, Herzog H, Schuch S, Miksch S, Abdollahy F, Khani S, Shabankhani B, Guerra J, Fontes C, Martins V, Teles A, Rodrigues C, Correia Z, Wehmeier P, Becht-Jördens G, McElearney C, Marsh M, Naumann A, Holst D, Engbarth A, Mircea T, Nehra A, Malhotra S, Chakrabarti S, Kiran S, Shoba S, Hvolby A, Jorgensen J, Medeiros M, Correia A, Gabilondo M, da Silva P, Carreira A, Yang J, Kim Y, Hong S, Lee S, Lim S, Park J, Trbic V, Boskovic D, Pauschardt J, Mattejat F, Quaschner K, Remschmidt H, Lischka E, Bauer M, Petzke F, Lischka E, Wehrmann B, Lesinskiene S, Paskauskaite L, Bueno L, Gonzales J, Cumbres J, Asensio F, Barth G, Denoix S, Kimmig F, Weinhardt M, Greven P, Buchmann S, Atas N, Jonkanski U, Pisarsky B, Treuter S, Cornellà J, Llusent A, Condesso L, da Silva P, Trigueiros A, Schütz K, Mattejat F, Quaschner K, Remschmidt H, Tarren-Sweeney M, Hazell P, Mazzone L, Mugno D, Ruta L, D’Arrigo V, Simona P, Mattina T, Mazzone D, Nordbeck R, Gierow W, Haessler F, Buchmann J, Bliznakova L, Grimmer Y, Roth H, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Schmidt M, Becker K, Ludolph A, Storch A, Boeckers T, Kirsch J, Fegert J, Drevitska O, Cianchetti C, Corona S, Foscoliano M, Contu D, Fancello G, Costa A, Roello M, Romano A, Fabrizi A, Pelliccia A, Matricardi M, Barth G, Matthias N, Klosinski G, Lesnick T, Gass M, Su L, Zhang J, Wu D, Luo X, Ardizzone I, D’Oto P, Priskich F, Rigillo E, Tomassetti N, Vagnoni F, Nordbeck R, Gierow W, Haessler F, Buchmann J, Sabisch B, Hahne A, Glass L, Friederici A, von Suchodoletz W, Di Brina C, Tomassetti N, Pagnacco A, Capozzi F, Penge R, Bocci F, Capozzi F, Cantonetti L, De Carlo A, Scanferla B, Sebastiani T, Vagnoni C, Gao X, Su L, Du Y, Bocci F, Capozzi F, Cantonetti L, De Carlo A, Lorenzetti F, Sebastiani T, Vagnoni C, von Aster M, Schweiter M, Kucian K, Loenneker T, Dietrich T, Martin-Fiori E, von Aster M, Abuhegaz H, Bahary H, Lee D, Kim B, Jeon S, Chung S, da Simoes M, da Dias M, Engqvist U, Rydelius P, da Simoes M, das Formosinho M, Pinto A, da Dias M, da Simoes M, Lima L, Edbom T, Larsson J, Lichtenstein P, Perez B, Marin M, Yang S, Lee H, Noh K, Keller F, Goldbeck L, Naumann A, Fegert J, Benjelloun G, Dhossche D, Stanfill S, Takahara A, Kusu M, Watanabe S, Matsui T, Ikeda K, Matsuda H, Allik H, Larsson J, Smedje H, Shirataki S, Murakami B, Mohamed R, Dunbar F, Shea S, Atsumi M, Matsumoto H, Ooya A, Koishi S, Aoki Y, Enseki Y, Nakamura Y, Francis K, Kazaridis V, Kirillidou P, Koukouvinou S, Paliwal S, Clinic P, Whitehouse W, Edwards M, Edwards A, Pandit S, Powell J, Tehrani-Doost M, Sepasi M, Alaghband-Rad J, Goodarzi R, Kodaira M, Viertler A, Elpel K, Reis O, Haessler F, Akçakn M, Erden G, Kerimoglu E, Lemonnier E, Munesue T, Mutoh K, Shimoda K, Nakatani H, Koshino Y, Germerott I, Remschmidt H, Sadek E, Litvinov A, Calderón-Castaneda F, Nuno-Licona A, Alatorre-Miguel E, Goth K, Schmeck K, Winter S, Wiegard A, Hinrichs G, Köhler D, Kammerer M, Adams D, von Castelberg B, Taylor A, Posserud M, Stormark K, Lundervold A, Gillberg C, Steijnen M, Verhoeven S, Francula I, Prpic I, Volga R, Di Biasi S, Piperno F, Puleo F, Cerracchio S, Giacchè R, Rein Z, Godart N, Perdereau F, Curt F, Jeammet P, Fermanian J, Bayman E, Taneli Y, Guvendeger N, Ediz B, Taneli S, Kan I, Pavuluri M, Henry D, Carbray J, Plaß A, Barkmann C, Mack B, Mittenzwei K, Riedesser P, Schulte-Markwort M, Roessner V, Becker A, Hagenberg N, Berking M, Banaschewski T, Rothenberger A, Lesinskiene S, Perdereau F, Rein Z, Curt F, Jeammet P, Godart N, Coulon N, Tardiola D, Balsamo S, Di Biasi S, Piperno F, Capriotti N, Sandhu T, Tamminen T, Iovchuk N, Milacic I, Vidojevic O, Kilincaslan A, Mukaddes N, Sozen G, Umut A, Yamamoto K, Koishi S, Koishi S, Natsume N, Yamazaki K, Matsumoto H, Nanba E, Naber F, van Daalen E, Buitelaar J, van IJzendoorn M, Willemsen-Swinkels S, BakermansKranenburg M, van Engeland H, de Jonge M, Kemner C, van Engeland H, Caby A, Caby F, Bendt S, Bashina V, Krasnoperova M, Croonenberghs J, Sliwinski S, Christophe A, Deboutte D, Maes M, Tomassetti N, Tosco A, Giorgi E, Lazzarini M, Iorio M, Becciu M, Capozzi F, Kim B, In-Hyoung J, Jeon S, Ahn D, Kim B, Shin Y, Hong K, Hrdlicka M, Neuwirth J, Komarek V, Havlovicova M, Sedlacek Z, Blatny M, Urbanek T, Ohta M, Kano Y, Nagai Y, Wintgens A, Hayez J, Lim S, Ha J, Hong S, Yang J, Byun H, Kim J, Lee R, Fombonne E, Taylor E, Çetin F, James D, Lawlor M, Sofroniou N, Kamibeppu K, Sato L, Hoshi Y, Stankovic M, Zdravkovic J, Kostic P, Stankovic S, Murafi K, Ries M, Siefen R, Jelinek M, Blatny M, Klimusova H, Blizkovska J, Krasnoperova M, Bashina V, Kusu M, McElearney C, Burke C, Doody B, Nix C, Nicole A, Wilken M, Dunitz-Scheer M, Krasnovsky A, Dressler A, Perelli V, Tinelli F, Rafanelli V, Bargagna S, Libal G, Plener P, Fegert J, Enokido F, Higuchi M, Jibiki I, Tomori M, Yoo H, Kim S, Cho I, Yune S, Lyoo I, Ha J, Haas B, Danilova L, Poggioli D, Rigon G, Dervic K, Csorba J, Rozsa S, Kleinman M, Tringer L, Friedrich M, Gould M, Akkaya-Kalayci T, Lenz G, Lapponi E, Filipponi M, Lauria F, Sogos C, Kitamura A, Albrecht B, Banaschewski T, Rothenberger A, Gao X, Su L, Zhang X, Li X, Hercigonja-Novkovim V, Kocijan-Hercigonja D, Ralston S, Lorenzo M, Aziz A, Biederman J, Spencer T, Moore R, Gao H, Bilke O, Cornelld J, Llusent A, Dajcman N, Holnthaner R, Gao X, Su L, Xie G, Sühlfleisch-Thurau U, Gierow W, Buchmann J, Häßler F, Tiffin-Richards M, Richards M, Hasselhorn M, Banaschewski T, Rothenberger A, Bayrak A, Taneli Y, Taneli S, Ralston S, Pereira R, Brussel W, Vlasveld L, Tuynman-Qua H, Lorenzo M, Song D, Ha E, Lee E, Yu Y, 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  • Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two DecadesLeckman J, Zhang H, Vitale A, Lahnin F, Lynch K, Bondi C, Kim Y, Peterson B. Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two Decades. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1999, 38: 492. DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199904000-00029.
  • Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two DecadesLeckman J, Zhang H, Vitale A, Lahnin F, Lynch K, Bondi C, Kim Y, Peterson B. Course of Tic Severity in Tourette Syndrome: The First Two Decades. Pediatrics 1998, 102: 14-19. PMID: 9651407, DOI: 10.1542/peds.102.1.14.
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