Robert King, MD
Emeritus Professor in the Child Study CenterCards
About
Research
Publications
2025
Sex Differences in Natural History and Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Tic Disorders
Dy-Hollins M, Chibnik L, Tracy N, Osiecki L, Budman C, Cath D, Grados M, King R, Lyon G, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Singer H, Sharma N, Mathews C, Scharf J. Sex Differences in Natural History and Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Tic Disorders. Neurology 2025, 104: e210249. PMID: 39813627, PMCID: PMC11735146, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000210249.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeTic disordersTime to diagnosisSex differencesVocal tic disorderLonger time to diagnosisGeneralized estimating equation regression modelsSymptom onsetAnalyze sex differencesEquation regression modelsTic severityClinical measuresTouretteParticipantsRegression modelsFamily relationshipsPersistent motorSymptomsDisordersResearch studies
2024
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Stereotypical Movement Disorders and Tic Disorders
Vitulano L, Vitulano M, King R, Yazgan M, Leckman J. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Stereotypical Movement Disorders and Tic Disorders. 2024, 1685-1707. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_45.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDevelopmental coordination disorderStereotypic movement disorderTic disordersCoordination disorderMotor skillsBest practice assessmentsNeurodevelopmental disorder groupMotor disordersMovement disordersSelf-bitingHead bangingNeurobiological disorderMotor behaviorHand flappingDisordersPractical assessmentEarly-onsetNonrhythmic movementsChildrenGroup of conditionsJerking movementsMagnetic resonance imaging techniquesSkillsIndividualsThe Challenge of Examining Social Determinants of Health in People Living With Tourette Syndrome
Dy-Hollins M, Carr S, Essa A, Osiecki L, Lackland D, Voeks J, Mejia N, Sharma N, Budman C, Cath D, Grados M, King R, Lyon G, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Singer H, Chibnik L, Mathews C, Scharf J. The Challenge of Examining Social Determinants of Health in People Living With Tourette Syndrome. Pediatric Neurology 2024, 155: 55-61. PMID: 38608551, PMCID: PMC11132913, DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.02.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchParental educational attainmentEthnic minority groupsEducational attainmentSocial determinants of healthExamining social determinants of healthNon-Hispanic white individualsDeterminants of healthDiagnosis ageNon-Hispanic whitesMinority groupsHispanic individualsWhite individualsSignificant disparitiesLogistic regressionParental educationNon-whiteComorbid conditionsNon-parametric testsEthnicityGroup differencesSymptom onsetOutcomesParticipantsResearch studiesTourette syndrome
2023
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Stereotypical Movement Disorders and Tic Disorders
Vitulano L, Vitulano M, King R, Yazgan M, Leckman J. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Stereotypical Movement Disorders and Tic Disorders. 2023, 1-23. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_45-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchStereotypic movement disorderTic disordersDevelopmental coordination disorderMovement disordersMotor disordersCoordination disorderMotor skillsNeurodevelopmental disorder groupMagnetic resonance imaging techniquesBest practice assessmentHead bangingHand flappingNeurobiological disorderDisorder groupMotor behaviorDisordersNonrhythmic movementsSuch childrenPractice assessmentUnwanted attentionChildrenImaging techniquesSkillsYearsRecurrent
2022
Mispatterning and interneuron deficit in Tourette Syndrome basal ganglia organoids
Brady M, Mariani J, Koca Y, Szekely A, King R, Bloch M, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman J, Vaccarino F. Mispatterning and interneuron deficit in Tourette Syndrome basal ganglia organoids. Molecular Psychiatry 2022, 27: 5007-5019. PMID: 36447010, PMCID: PMC9949887, DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01880-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeInterneuron deficitsGABAergic interneuronsHealthy controlsNeurodevelopmental underpinningsNeuropathological deficitsBG circuitryNeuropsychiatric disordersDecreased differentiationT patientsInterneuronsAltered expressionPotential mechanismsCilia disruptionSonic hedgehogOrganoidsStem cellsTS individualsPluripotent stem cellsGli transcription factorsDeficitsOrganoid differentiationEarly stagesCholinergicPatientsPhenomenology of Tics and Sensory Urges
Leckman J, Bloch M, Sukhodolsky D, Artukoğlu B, Scahill L, King R. Phenomenology of Tics and Sensory Urges. 2022, 6-25. DOI: 10.1093/med/9780197543214.003.0002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComprehensive Assessment Strategies
King R, Landeros-Weisenberger A. Comprehensive Assessment Strategies. 2022, 335-342. DOI: 10.1093/med/9780197543214.003.0020.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2017
The PNKD gene is associated with Tourette Disorder or Tic disorder in a multiplex family
Sun N, Nasello C, Deng L, Wang N, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Song Z, Kwan K, King R, Pang Z, Xing J, Heiman G, Tischfield J. The PNKD gene is associated with Tourette Disorder or Tic disorder in a multiplex family. Molecular Psychiatry 2017, 23: 1487-1495. PMID: 28894297, PMCID: PMC5847395, DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.179.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNonsense-mediated mRNA decayNonsense mutationMultiplex familiesPluripotent stem cellsTD phenotypeDeleterious sequence variantsGenetic architectureMRNA decayHouse bioinformatics pipelineDNA sequencesBioinformatics pipelineTD familyWhole-exome sequencingSequence variantsBiochemical assaysMolecular differencesWhole exomeIsoform levelsStem cellsProtein levelsTD etiologyExome sequencingPNKDHeterozygous nonsense mutationGenesGenetic and phenotypic overlap of specific obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit/hyperactive subtypes with Tourette syndrome
Hirschtritt M, Darrow S, Illmann C, Osiecki L, Grados M, Sandor P, Dion Y, King R, Pauls D, Budman C, Cath D, Greenberg E, Lyon G, Yu D, McGrath L, McMahon W, Lee P, Delucchi K, Scharf J, Mathews C. Genetic and phenotypic overlap of specific obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit/hyperactive subtypes with Tourette syndrome. Psychological Medicine 2017, 48: 279-293. PMID: 28651666, PMCID: PMC7909616, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001672.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderSymmetry/exactnessTourette syndromeLatent class analysisSymptom patternsADHD symptomsHigher psychiatric comorbidity ratesPsychiatric comorbidity ratesExploratory factor analysisHyperactive subtypeComorbidity ratesTS patientsClinical relevanceSpecific subtypesSum scoreUnique phenotypicHyperactivity disorderSymptomsPhenotypic overlapThree-class solutionTraditional diagnostic boundariesAggressive urgesSyndromeSubtypesDiagnostic boundaries896 Genetic and Phenotypic Overlap of Specific Obsessive-Compulsive Subtypes with Tourette Syndrome
Hirschtritt M, Darrow S, Illmann C, Osiecki L, Grados M, Sandor P, Dion Y, King R, Pauls D, Budman C, Cath D, Greenberg E, Lyon G, Yu D, McGrath L, McMahon W, Lee P, Delucchi K, Scharf J, Mathews C. 896 Genetic and Phenotypic Overlap of Specific Obsessive-Compulsive Subtypes with Tourette Syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2017, 81: s361-s362. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.621.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Academic Achievements & Community Involvement
News
Get In Touch
Contacts
Email
Academic Office Number
Appointment Number
Clinic Fax Number
Mailing Address
Child Study Center
PO Box 207900, 230 South Frontage Road
New Haven, CT 06520-7900
United States
Locations
Neison Irving Harris Building
Academic Office
230 South Frontage Road
New Haven, CT 06519