Gretchen Diefenbach, PhD
About
Research
Publications
2025
Predictive Validity and Treatment Sensitivity of the Death-Implicit Association Test (D-IAT) During Inpatient Treatment and Across a 6-Month Follow-Up Period
Levy H, Lord K, Rice T, Sain K, Stubbing J, Diefenbach G, Tolin D. Predictive Validity and Treatment Sensitivity of the Death-Implicit Association Test (D-IAT) During Inpatient Treatment and Across a 6-Month Follow-Up Period. Cognitive Therapy And Research 2025, 1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10564-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDeath Implicit Association TestSuicidal thoughtsInpatient treatmentFrequency of suicidal behaviorAssociation TestCognitive-behavioral therapyHigh risk of suicidePsychiatric inpatient unitTreatment sensitivitySample of inpatientsRisk of suicideImplicit cognitionSuicidal behaviorSuicide riskPredictive validitySuicide preventionDetect treatment effectsInpatient unitSuicideFollow-up periodPeriod post-dischargeInpatientsTreatment effectsThoughtsInpatient admissionsThe effect of inpatient brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention on post-discharge emergency department utilization: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Diefenbach G, Collett S, Black S, Rudd M, Gueorguieva R, Tolin D. The effect of inpatient brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for suicide prevention on post-discharge emergency department utilization: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. General Hospital Psychiatry 2025, 93: 73-79. PMID: 39837259, DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2025.01.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSubstance use disordersBrief cognitive-behavioral therapyCognitive-behavioral therapyED visitsSuicide preventionSecondary analysisEmergency departmentSuicide-related ED visitsHistory of suicide attemptsEmergency department utilizationElectronic medical record reviewPost-discharge emergency departmentMedical record reviewED utilizationPsychiatric readmissionTreatment effectsSuicide attemptsUse disorderRecord reviewSelf-reportRandomized clinical trialsGeneralized linear modelVisitsSuicidePost-discharge ED visits
2024
Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Inpatients
Diefenbach G, Lord K, Stubbing J, Rudd M, Levy H, Worden B, Sain K, Bimstein J, Rice T, Everhardt K, Gueorguieva R, Tolin D. Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicidal Inpatients. JAMA Psychiatry 2024, 81: 1177-1186. PMID: 39259550, PMCID: PMC11391362, DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2349.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBrief cognitive behavioral therapyCognitive behavioral therapySubstance use disordersSuicidal ideationBehavioral therapySuicide attemptsFollow-up assessmentUse disorderOccurrence of suicide attemptsPsychiatric readmissionRates of psychiatric readmissionSuicide prevention treatmentsEffect of treatment conditionPrivate psychiatric hospitalTreatment effectsSuicidal inpatientsSuicide riskSuicidal crisisPsychiatric hospitalIndividual sessionsIdeationSuicide reattemptsPost hoc analysisSelf-reportBlinded interviewersTypologies of Psychiatric Diagnoses Among Inpatients with Recent Suicide Attempts
Lord K, Tolin D, Diefenbach G. Typologies of Psychiatric Diagnoses Among Inpatients with Recent Suicide Attempts. Archives Of Suicide Research 2024, ahead-of-print: 1-16. PMID: 39302084, DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2024.2405732.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLatent class analysisSuicide attemptsComorbidity classesBattery of self-report measuresComorbidity of psychiatric disordersSemi-structured diagnostic interviewHistory of suicide attemptsPerson-centered statistical approachPatterns of comorbiditySelf-report measuresSuicide risk assessmentSuicide risk factorsDiagnostic heterogeneityDiagnostic InterviewCognitive-affectivePsychiatric disordersSuicidal ideationPsychiatric diagnosingPsychiatric multimorbidityAttempted suicideInterrupted attemptsActual attemptsSuicideComorbidityClass analysisBorderline Personality Traits Do Not Moderate the Relationship Between Depression, Beliefs, and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Stubbing J, Tolin D, Sain K, Everhardt K, Rudd M, Diefenbach G. Borderline Personality Traits Do Not Moderate the Relationship Between Depression, Beliefs, and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors. Archives Of Suicide Research 2024, 29: 223-237. PMID: 38683542, DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2024.2345168.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBorderline personality disorder traitsSuicide beliefsSuicidal ideationSuicidal thoughtsMediation modelExploratory moderated mediation analysesPersonality disorder traitsHistory of STBSuicide attempt historyHistory of suicideModerated mediation analysisModerated mediation modelDisorder traitsEstimated mediation modelsAttempt historySuicidal patientsSuicide attemptsMediation analysisEmotional distressDepressionLongitudinal researchSuicideInpatient unitMediation effectTreatment targetUtility of the Death-Implicit Association Test in a Sample of Suicidal Inpatients
Lord K, Rice T, Levy H, Sain K, Stubbing J, Diefenbach G, Tolin D. Utility of the Death-Implicit Association Test in a Sample of Suicidal Inpatients. Cognitive Therapy And Research 2024, 48: 426-434. DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10465-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDeath Implicit Association TestSuicide riskD scoreSample of psychiatric inpatientsMeasures of suicide riskAssessment of suicide riskAssociation TestIndicators of suicide riskLifetime suicide attemptsMethodThe present studySuicidal cognitionsPsychiatric inpatientsSuicidal ideationExplicit measuresSuicide attemptsAttempted suicideInconsistent findingsPositive scoresDD scoresPresent studyAssociated with lifeIdeationSelf-identificationHopelessnessCognitionBrain-based classification of youth with anxiety disorders: transdiagnostic examinations within the ENIGMA-Anxiety database using machine learning
Bruin W, Zhutovsky P, van Wingen G, Bas-Hoogendam J, Groenewold N, Hilbert K, Winkler A, Zugman A, Agosta F, Åhs F, Andreescu C, Antonacci C, Asami T, Assaf M, Barber J, Bauer J, Bavdekar S, Beesdo-Baum K, Benedetti F, Bernstein R, Björkstrand J, Blair R, Blair K, Blanco-Hinojo L, Böhnlein J, Brambilla P, Bressan R, Breuer F, Cano M, Canu E, Cardinale E, Cardoner N, Cividini C, Cremers H, Dannlowski U, Diefenbach G, Domschke K, Doruyter A, Dresler T, Erhardt A, Filippi M, Fonzo G, Freitag G, Furmark T, Ge T, Gerber A, Gosnell S, Grabe H, Grotegerd D, Gur R, Gur R, Hamm A, Han L, Harper J, Harrewijn A, Heeren A, Hofmann D, Jackowski A, Jahanshad N, Jett L, Kaczkurkin A, Khosravi P, Kingsley E, Kircher T, Kostic M, Larsen B, Lee S, Leehr E, Leibenluft E, Lochner C, Lui S, Maggioni E, Manfro G, Månsson K, Marino C, Meeten F, Milrod B, Jovanovic A, Mwangi B, Myers M, Neufang S, Nielsen J, Ohrmann P, Ottaviani C, Paulus M, Perino M, Phan K, Poletti S, Porta-Casteràs D, Pujol J, Reinecke A, Ringlein G, Rjabtsenkov P, Roelofs K, Salas R, Salum G, Satterthwaite T, Schrammen E, Sindermann L, Smoller J, Soares J, Stark R, Stein F, Straube T, Straube B, Strawn J, Suarez-Jimenez B, Sylvester C, Talati A, Thomopoulos S, Tükel R, van Nieuwenhuizen H, Werwath K, Wittfeld K, Wright B, Wu M, Yang Y, Zilverstand A, Zwanzger P, Blackford J, Avery S, Clauss J, Lueken U, Thompson P, Pine D, Stein D, van der Wee N, Veltman D, Aghajani M. Brain-based classification of youth with anxiety disorders: transdiagnostic examinations within the ENIGMA-Anxiety database using machine learning. Nature Mental Health 2024, 2: 104-118. DOI: 10.1038/s44220-023-00173-2.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2023
Subscales of alexithymia show unique pathways through reappraisal and suppression to anxiety, depression and stress
Morie K, Lord K, Diefenbach G, Basuchoudhary O, Lewis S, Assaf M. Subscales of alexithymia show unique pathways through reappraisal and suppression to anxiety, depression and stress. Journal Of Affective Disorders 2023, 347: 445-452. PMID: 38007105, PMCID: PMC10842914, DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.038.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmotion regulation strategiesRegulation strategiesMechanical TurkPlatform Amazon Mechanical TurkAmazon Mechanical TurkEmotion regulationMediation modelAlexithymiaAnxietyMental healthSubscalesReappraisalDepressionNegative associationDistressDirect associationPositive associationConstituent factorsVarianceFantasizingBVAQAssociationMultiple factorsTurksUnique pathwayUncovering the role of substance use in suicide attempts using a mixed‐methods approach
Diefenbach G, Stubbing J, Rice T, Lord K, Rudd M, Tolin D. Uncovering the role of substance use in suicide attempts using a mixed‐methods approach. Suicide And Life-Threatening Behavior 2023, 54: 70-82. PMID: 37987548, DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDrug use disordersLifetime suicide attemptsSuicide attemptsSubstance useRisk factorsSuicide attempt historyUse disordersAcute substance useCo-occurring alcoholAttempt historySubstance use contributesModifiable treatment targetSuicide risk factorsSuicide attempt methodClinical confoundersAdult inpatientsBaseline riskTreatment targetsTreatment planAttempt methodInpatientsAcute riskDisordersRiskStudy 2