Cesar Caraballo-Cordovez, MD
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Excess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US, 1999-2020
Caraballo C, Massey D, Ndumele C, Haywood T, Kaleem S, King T, Liu Y, Lu Y, Nunez-Smith M, Taylor H, Watson K, Herrin J, Yancy C, Faust J, Krumholz H. Excess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US, 1999-2020. JAMA 2023, 329: 1662-1670. PMID: 37191702, PMCID: PMC10189563, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.7022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExcess mortality ratesExcess deathsMortality ratePotential lifeWhite populationExcess mortalitySerial cross-sectional studyHighest excess mortality ratesBlack populationCause-specific mortalityCross-sectional studyHigh mortality rateNon-Hispanic whitesYears of lifeUS national dataMiddle-aged adultsCause mortalityHeart diseaseDeath certificatesNon-Hispanic black populationMAIN OUTCOMEAge groupsDisease controlMortalityBlack malesOrgan Dysfunction in Sepsis: An Ominous Trajectory From Infection To Death.
Caraballo C, Jaimes F. Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis: An Ominous Trajectory From Infection To Death. The Yale Journal Of Biology And Medicine 2019, 92: 629-640. PMID: 31866778, PMCID: PMC6913810.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOrgan dysfunctionSequential Organ Failure Assessment scoreLife-threatening organ dysfunctionOrgan Failure Assessment scoreGlobal public health challengeBurden of sepsisLong-term sequalaeMultiple organ failureHallmark of sepsisHeterogeneous clinical manifestationsPublic health strategiesCentral nervous systemPublic health challengeSite of infectionGlobal hypoperfusionMicrocirculatory dysfunctionOrgan failureSeptic shockPatient's courseClinical manifestationsHematologic systemAttributable deathsImmune responseSepsisHealth strategiesTrends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Barriers to Timely Medical Care Among Adults in the US, 1999 to 2018
Caraballo C, Ndumele CD, Roy B, Lu Y, Riley C, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Barriers to Timely Medical Care Among Adults in the US, 1999 to 2018. JAMA Health Forum 2022, 3: e223856. PMID: 36306118, PMCID: PMC9617175, DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.3856.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTimely medical careSerial cross-sectional studyNational Health Interview SurveyCross-sectional studyHealth Interview SurveyMedical careLack of transportationEthnic disparitiesHispanics/LatinosWhite individualsEthnicity groupsInterview SurveyCost of careSelf-reported raceStudy cohortClinic hoursMAIN OUTCOMEMedical officesCarePrevalenceLatino individualsBlack individualsSignificant differencesSignificant increasePopulation groupsTemporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Multimorbidity Prevalence in the United States, 1999-2018
Caraballo C, Herrin J, Mahajan S, Massey D, Lu Y, Ndumele CD, Drye EE, Krumholz HM. Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Multimorbidity Prevalence in the United States, 1999-2018. The American Journal Of Medicine 2022, 135: 1083-1092.e14. PMID: 35472394, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.04.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultimorbidity prevalenceRace/ethnicityWhite individualsChronic conditionsBlack individualsSerial cross-sectional analysisCommon chronic conditionsRisk of morbidityPrevalence of multimorbidityPublic health interventionsCross-sectional analysisSelf-reported presenceSelf-reported raceLatino/HispanicMAIN OUTCOMEHealth interventionsEthnic disparitiesPrevalenceHealth inequalitiesStudy periodEarly lifeHispanic individualsTemporal trendsStudy sampleAsian individualsEvaluation of Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration Among US Adults, 2004-2018
Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Valero-Elizondo J, Massey D, Lu Y, Roy B, Riley C, Annapureddy AR, Murugiah K, Elumn J, Nasir K, Nunez-Smith M, Forman HP, Jackson CL, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. Evaluation of Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration Among US Adults, 2004-2018. JAMA Network Open 2022, 5: e226385. PMID: 35389500, PMCID: PMC8990329, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6385.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCross-sectional studyLong sleep durationSleep durationWhite individualsBlack individualsLatino individualsEthnic differencesSerial cross-sectional studyNational Health Interview Survey dataHealth Interview Survey dataSelf-reported sleep durationShort sleep durationInterview Survey dataMiddle-aged adultsSelf-reported raceEstimated prevalenceMAIN OUTCOMELong sleepSleep deficiencyHigher household incomeEthnic disparitiesAge groupsHealth disparitiesPrevalenceSleep disparitiesTiming of Blood Draws Among Patients Hospitalized in a Large Academic Medical Center
Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Murugiah K, Mortazavi B, Lu Y, Khera R, Krumholz H. Timing of Blood Draws Among Patients Hospitalized in a Large Academic Medical Center. JAMA 2023, 329: 255-257. PMID: 36648476, PMCID: PMC9856620, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.21509.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTrends in Differences in Health Status and Health Care Access and Affordability by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999-2018
Mahajan S, Caraballo C, Lu Y, Valero-Elizondo J, Massey D, Annapureddy AR, Roy B, Riley C, Murugiah K, Onuma O, Nunez-Smith M, Forman HP, Nasir K, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. Trends in Differences in Health Status and Health Care Access and Affordability by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999-2018. JAMA 2021, 326: 637-648. PMID: 34402830, PMCID: PMC8371573, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.9907.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth care accessFair health statusSelf-reported health statusCare accessHealth statusWhite individualsEthnic differencesLatino/HispanicNational Health Interview Survey dataSerial cross-sectional studySelf-reported functional limitationsBlack individualsHealth Interview Survey dataLow incomeCross-sectional studyCross-sectional survey studyInterview Survey dataSelf-reported raceSelf-report measuresMAIN OUTCOMEUS adultsFunctional limitationsPercentage of peopleSignificant decreaseAdults
2025
Coronary Artery Disease–Based Polygenic Risk Score in Early-Onset Acute Myocardial Infarction Subtypes
Dong W, Lu Y, Li S, Sawano M, Caraballo C, Liu Y, Khera A, Philippakis A, Dreyer R, Lichtman J, D'Onofrio G, Spatz E, Herrington D, Post W, Rich S, Rotter J, Krumholz H. Coronary Artery Disease–Based Polygenic Risk Score in Early-Onset Acute Myocardial Infarction Subtypes. JACC Advances 2025, 4: 101994. PMID: 40712269, PMCID: PMC12311502, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101994.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcute myocardial infarction subtypePolygenic risk scoresAcute myocardial infarctionRisk of acute myocardial infarctionRisk scoreCoronary artery diseaseAssociated with acute myocardial infarctionEstimated riskAssociated with higher riskAssociated with MIAcute myocardial infarction patientsMultinomial logistic regressionArtery diseaseNonobstructive coronary artery diseaseLogistic regressionFemale-to-male ratioYoung adultsCox regressionHigh riskInfarction subtypesYoung individualsMyocardial infarctionEarly-onsetScoresSexUpdate to the JACC Report Card Excess Cardiovascular Mortality Among Black Americans, 2000-2023
Arun A, Sawano M, Lu Y, Warner F, Caraballo C, Khera R, Echols M, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Update to the JACC Report Card Excess Cardiovascular Mortality Among Black Americans, 2000-2023. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2025, 86: 559-562. PMID: 40835364, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.06.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTrends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components by Race/Ethnicity, 1999-2018
Lu Y, Li X, Liu Y, Caraballo C, Massey D, Mahajan S, Spatz E, Herrin J, Krumholz H. Trends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components by Race/Ethnicity, 1999-2018. JACC Advances 2025, 4: 101785. PMID: 40373521, PMCID: PMC12144450, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101785.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLipid-lowering medication useRacial/ethnic disparitiesMedication useMetS prevalenceRacial/Ethnic DifferencesHispanic individualsAge-standardized prevalence estimatesNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyHealth and Nutrition Examination SurveyBlack individualsPersistent racial/ethnic disparitiesFasting GlucoseNutrition Examination SurveyRelationship of metabolic syndromeMetabolic syndromePrescription drug useNationally representative dataExamination SurveyMetS componentsWaist circumferenceEligible individualsTreatment gapRacial/ethnic subgroupsU.S. adultsPrevalence estimates
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- March 14, 2025
Announcing Internal Medicine Chief Residents for 2026 - 2027
- April 01, 2024
Yale Faculty Present Groundbreaking Clinical Research at the 2024 American College of Cardiology Scientific Sessions
- May 16, 2023
Yale Study Documents Staggering Toll of Health Disparities for Black Americans
- March 05, 2023
Enhancing Treatment for Persistent Hypertension: Unleashing the Power of Actionable Taxonomy from EHR Data for Precision Medicine
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