Angela Arlen, MD
Associate Professor of UrologyCards
About
Research
Publications
2026
Clinical manifestations and management of prune-belly syndrome: A 20-year single center experience
Chu E, Press B, Weinstein C, Arlen A, Smith E, Kirsch A. Clinical manifestations and management of prune-belly syndrome: A 20-year single center experience. Journal Of Pediatric Urology 2026, 22: 105806. PMID: 41719823, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2026.105806.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrune belly syndromeRetrospective reviewRenal functionRenal transplantationRetrospective review of pediatric patientsLong-term quality-of-life outcomesReview of pediatric patientsEstimated glomerular filtration rateEarly identification of patientsNadir serum creatininePediatric urology centersPredictive of long-term outcomeMedian Follow-UpContinent catheterizable channelUrinary tract abnormalitiesGlomerular filtration rateEarly identificationProgression to CKDIdentification of patientsLong-term outcomesFisher's exact testMultivariate logistic regressionStudent's t-testQuality-of-life outcomesAbdominal wall reconstruction
2025
Ultrasound Diagnostic Features and Management of Torsion-detorsion
Olawoyin O, Choksi A, Press B, Sohoni N, Weiss R, Arlen A. Ultrasound Diagnostic Features and Management of Torsion-detorsion. Urology 2025, 209: 96-99. PMID: 41352377, DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.11.254.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPositive predictive valueTorsion-detorsionScrotal explorationUltrasound findingsAsymmetric blood flowIntraoperative findingsSpermatic cordTesticular torsionBlood flowRisk of testicular lossAcute testicular painBilateral testicular fixationImmediate scrotal explorationDuration of painOnset of painTesticular painContralateral testicleUrologic evaluationPerioperative outcomesTesticular fixationTesticular lossUltrasound predictorsPatient demographicsPresence of blood flowUltrasound descriptionDuplex System and Vesicoureteral Reflux
Kirsch A, Press B, Arlen A. Duplex System and Vesicoureteral Reflux. 2025, 349-357. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-95091-9_22.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEndoscopic Treatment for Complex Cases of Vesicoureteral Reflux
Kirsch A, Press B, Arlen A. Endoscopic Treatment for Complex Cases of Vesicoureteral Reflux. 2025, 279-285. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-95091-9_17.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrimary vesicoureteral refluxVesicoureteral refluxEndoscopic therapyEndoscopic injectionManagement of primary vesicoureteral refluxManagement of vesicoureteral refluxCases of vesicoureteral refluxComplex casesEndoscopic treatmentBladder anomaliesResolution ratePatient populationSuccess rateTherapyTreatmentEfficacyRefluxContemporary evidenceEarly spontaneous resolution of vesicoureteral reflux from voiding cystourethrogram: A comparison of contemporary prediction models
Khondker A, Kim J, Arlen A, Rickard M, Chua M, Kirsch A, Lorenzo A, Cooper C. Early spontaneous resolution of vesicoureteral reflux from voiding cystourethrogram: A comparison of contemporary prediction models. Journal Of Pediatric Urology 2025, 21: 999-1004. PMID: 40368726, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.04.030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUreteral diameter ratioFollow-up VCUGVesicoureteral reflux gradeVesicoureteral refluxAssociated with resolutionVUR resolutionSpontaneous resolution of vesicoureteral refluxResolution of vesicoureteral refluxDegree of VURResolved vesicoureteral refluxVesicoureteral reflux resolutionPrimary vesicoureteral refluxSpontaneous complete resolutionArea under the receiver-operatingImprove risk stratificationMultivariate logistic regressionAssociated with lower oddsVUR gradeVoiding cystourethrogramRenal scarringComplete resolutionRetrospective studyUreteral anomaliesClinical outcomesRisk stratificationFactors Associated With Short Term Outcomes After Pyeloplasty in the Pediatric Population
Olawoyin O, Press B, Choksi A, Sohoni N, Weiss R, Sterling J, Arlen A. Factors Associated With Short Term Outcomes After Pyeloplasty in the Pediatric Population. Urology 2025, 199: 136-140. PMID: 39970964, DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.02.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHistory of prematurityUrinary tract infectionTime of surgeryClavien-DindoSurgical factorsIncidence of urinary tract infectionNational Surgical Quality Improvement Program-PediatricAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists classificationAssociated with increased complicationsFrequent post-operative complicationPost-operative complicationsRetrospective cohort studyShort-term outcomesPost-surgical outcomesDay morbidityPediatric pyeloplastyLaparoscopic pyeloplastyTract infectionsMedian ageSteroid usePediatric patientsPyeloplastyPediatric populationTerm outcomesCohort studyEvaluation and Management of Pediatric Patients with Urinary Tract Infection and Vesicoureteral Reflux for the Adult Urologist
Olawoyin O, Arlen A. Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Patients with Urinary Tract Infection and Vesicoureteral Reflux for the Adult Urologist. 2025, 65-81. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-10306-2_5.ChaptersUrinary tract infectionTract infectionsVesicoureteral refluxUrinary tract infection diagnosisManagement of pediatric patientsRenal-bladder ultrasoundUrinary tract anomaliesEmpiric antibiotic choiceOpen surgical correctionPediatric vesicoureteral refluxAntibiotic prophylaxisHospital antibiogramVoiding cystourethrogramAntibiotic choiceClean catchPositive urinalysisRecurrent infectionsPediatric patientsSurgical correctionAdult urologistsBowel dysfunctionPediatric populationBacterial infectionsInfectionInfection risk
2023
Heresy - Is there a role for ultrasound in management of the non-palpable testicle?
Press B, Olawoyin O, Arlen A, Silva C, Weiss R. Heresy - Is there a role for ultrasound in management of the non-palpable testicle? Journal Of Pediatric Urology 2023, 20: 106-111. PMID: 37749009, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.08.032.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNon-palpable testiclesNon-palpable testesUndescended testicleInguinal canalLower pelvisPediatric urologistsSurgical managementPhysical examinationPhysical examInternal ringIntra-operative findingsPre-operative ultrasonographyEvaluation of boysReal-time ultrasoundUrology referralDiagnostic laparoscopyMedian agePatient demographicsSurgical findingsSurgical approachAUA guidelinesLaparoscopic orchiopexyUS findingsViable testisAtrophic testisSpontaneous vesicoureteral reflux resolution curves based on ureteral diameter ratio
Arlen A, Leong T, Kirsch A, Cooper C. Spontaneous vesicoureteral reflux resolution curves based on ureteral diameter ratio. Journal Of Pediatric Urology 2023, 19: 468.e1-468.e6. PMID: 37188603, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.04.028.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUreteral diameter ratioUrinary tract infectionPrimary vesicoureteral refluxVesicoureteral refluxSpontaneous resolutionRisk groupsBreakthrough febrile urinary tract infectionDistal ureteral diameter ratioFebrile urinary tract infectionLargest ureteral diameterObjective prognostic informationGrade of refluxHigh-risk patientsLow-risk patientsHigh-risk groupLow-risk groupLow-risk childrenVUR resolutionPrimary refluxProphylactic antibioticsVUR gradeConservative managementPersistent refluxRisk patientsTract infections
2022
Transurethral resection of posterior urethral valves
Arlen A. Transurethral resection of posterior urethral valves. Urology Video Journal 2022, 15: 100165. DOI: 10.1016/j.urolvj.2022.100165.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPosterior urethral valvesUrethral valvesVesicoureteral refluxLower urinary tract obstructionBladder neck hypertrophyBladder wall thickeningUpper tract dilationStage renal diseaseUrinary tract obstructionFetal development resultsTract obstructionRenal diseaseTransurethral resectionDetrusor hypertrophyTract dilationPosterior urethraCommon causeWall thickeningMost valvesHypertrophyDilationValveResectionUrethraObstruction
Clinical Care
Overview
Angela Arlen, MD, a pediatric urologist with Yale Medicine, finds it rewarding to help children—she performs minimally invasive reconstructive surgeries to correct urinary tract and bladder issues.
Dr. Arlen also participates in Yale Medicine’s multidisciplinary Spina Bifida Program, providing specialty care to children with neurogenic bladder, a condition in which a medical issue, trauma or injury causes the bladder and brain not to communicate properly, resulting in incontinence. “It’s very difficult for children to deal with neurogenic bladder issues,” says Dr. Arlen, “but there are different effective treatments that can help children cope and enjoy normal lives.”
She works to create individualized care for patients. “An individualized treatment plan can help children achieve independence and lead happier, healthier lives free from embarrassing wetting accidents,” Dr. Arlen says.
An assistant professor of urology at Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Arlen has a special research interest in penile birth defects (hypospadias) and a condition that causes urine to flow from the bladder into the kidneys (vesicoureteral reflux).
Clinical Specialties
Pediatric Urology; Urology
Fact Sheets
Pediatric Neurogenic Bladder
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News
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- July 29, 2025
Yale Urology Research [Q2: April-June 2025]
- May 12, 2025
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- April 15, 2025
Yale Urology Research [Q1: January-March 2025]
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