2023
Face‐to‐face live eye‐tracking in toddlers with autism: Feasibility and impact of familiarity and face covering
Vernetti A, Butler M, Banarjee C, Boxberger A, All K, Macari S, Chawarska K. Face‐to‐face live eye‐tracking in toddlers with autism: Feasibility and impact of familiarity and face covering. Autism Research 2023, 17: 1381-1390. PMID: 38009948, DOI: 10.1002/aur.3060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAutism spectrum disorderEye-tracking methodsSocial partnersAtypical developmentSocial attentionFace interactionEye-tracking taskEye-tracking procedureGroup of toddlersImpact of familiarityNeutral affectTask completion rateUnfamiliar personDiminished attentionAffective responsesSpectrum disorderNeurodevelopmental vulnerabilityParent conditionInteractive partnersIntervention outcomesInteractive faceAutismToddlersReal-world dynamicsTaskThe Selective Social Attention task in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC‐CT) feasibility study
Shic F, Barney E, Naples A, Dommer K, Chang S, Li B, McAllister T, Atyabi A, Wang Q, Bernier R, Dawson G, Dziura J, Faja S, Jeste S, Murias M, Johnson S, Sabatos‐DeVito M, Helleman G, Senturk D, Sugar C, Webb S, McPartland J, Chawarska K, Trials T. The Selective Social Attention task in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC‐CT) feasibility study. Autism Research 2023, 16: 2150-2159. PMID: 37749934, PMCID: PMC11003770, DOI: 10.1002/aur.3026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderSocial attention taskSchool-aged childrenAttention taskASD groupSpectrum disorderEye-tracking taskTotal T-scoreAttentional patternsAutism spectrumTD groupPresentation timeTrial feasibility studyGroup differencesPercent of timeOlder childrenTaskComparison groupToddlersT-scoreChildrenChildren 4Outcome variablesFaceCondition effects
2022
Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3‐year‐olds with autism spectrum disorder
Powell K, Macari S, Brennan‐Wydra E, Feiner H, Butler M, Fortes D, Boxberger A, Torres‐Viso M, Morgan C, Lyons M, Chawarska K. Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3‐year‐olds with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research 2022, 15: 1336-1347. PMID: 35388596, PMCID: PMC9253075, DOI: 10.1002/aur.2715.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderDaily living skillsExecutive functioningEF deficitsAdaptive functioningSpectrum disorderLiving skillsExecutive functioning (EF) deficitsAutism severity scoresLower adaptive functioningCognitive flexibilityAtypical developmentDevelopmental presentationExecutive dysfunctionAdaptive skillsNonverbal functioningVABS-IIElevated symptomsAge threeToddlersLong-term detrimental impactDevelopmental quotientFunctioningChronological ageSymptom severity
2019
Social Processes and Risk for Autism
Klaiman C, Saulnier C, Rubin E, Chawarska K, Klin A. Social Processes and Risk for Autism. 2019, 350-370. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199837182.013.15.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2016
Predictive Validity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) Born Very Preterm
Kim SH, Joseph RM, Frazier JA, O'Shea TM, Chawarska K, Allred EN, Leviton A, Kuban KK, Investigators E. Predictive Validity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) Born Very Preterm. The Journal Of Pediatrics 2016, 178: 101-107.e2. PMID: 27592094, PMCID: PMC5165696, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.052.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderBehavioral dysregulationM-CHATModified ChecklistCognitive impairmentPredictive validityGold standard diagnostic instrumentsStandard diagnostic instrumentsAge 2 yearsASD diagnosisSocioeconomic statusSpectrum disorderPreterm toddlersAge 24 monthsPreterm childrenToddlersAutismLow gestational age newbornsImpairmentSensorimotorDiagnostic instrumentAge 10 yearsVision impairmentChildrenChecklistThe relationship between autism symptoms and arousal level in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder, as measured by electrodermal activity
Prince EB, Kim ES, Wall CA, Gisin E, Goodwin MS, Simmons ES, Chawarska K, Shic F. The relationship between autism symptoms and arousal level in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder, as measured by electrodermal activity. Autism 2016, 21: 504-508. PMID: 27289132, PMCID: PMC5812779, DOI: 10.1177/1362361316648816.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderSpectrum disorderElectrodermal activityAutism spectrum disorder groupSkin conductance levelAutism symptomsTypical peersPhysiological arousalArousal levelRepetitive behaviorsNaturalistic settingPlay contextDisorder groupOpposite patternMechanical toysToddlersConductance levelIndividual variabilityPlay activitiesPositive relationshipDisordersToysArousalMeasuresEarly development
2015
Multilevel Differences in Spontaneous Social Attention in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Chawarska K, Ye S, Shic F, Chen L. Multilevel Differences in Spontaneous Social Attention in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Child Development 2015, 87: 543-557. PMID: 26682668, PMCID: PMC5460372, DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12473.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderSocial attentionSpectrum disorderContext-specific constructsGaze behaviorSecondary deficitsSocial scenesBehavioral relevanceSocial informationAtypical targetsSocial partnersReward circuitryIndividual varianceMultilevel differencesLatent structureSocial featuresEarly disruptionConstructsAttentionProcessingASDDisordersToddlersDeficitsCircuitryInteractive eye tracking for gaze strategy modification
Wang Q, Celebi F, Flink L, Greco G, Wall C, Prince E, Lansiquot S, Chawarska K, Kim E, Boccanfuso L, DiNicola L, Shic F. Interactive eye tracking for gaze strategy modification. 2015, 247-250. DOI: 10.1145/2771839.2771888.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAutism spectrum disorderEye trackingAtypical visual attentionPost-training sessionsYoung childrenNeuropsychiatric conditionsNormative control groupAttentional biasesVisual attentionNeuropsychological processesSpectrum disorderSocial informationNormative groupVideo participantsViewer's attentionSensitive outcome measuresToddlersTraining systemChildrenLearning opportunitiesTypical fashionAttentionStrategy modificationOutcome measuresBiases
2013
Gaze Response to Dyadic Bids at 2 Years Related to Outcomes at 3 Years in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Subtyping Analysis
Campbell DJ, Shic F, Macari S, Chawarska K. Gaze Response to Dyadic Bids at 2 Years Related to Outcomes at 3 Years in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Subtyping Analysis. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders 2013, 44: 431-442. PMID: 23877749, PMCID: PMC3900601, DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1885-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderSpectrum disorderChild-directed speechVisual responsesDirect gazeAdaptive functioningSocial scenesSpeaker's mouthHigh functioningBetter attentionCuesToddlersFunctioningLimited attentionEarly predictorAttentionDisordersSpeechSceneGazeYears of ageLanguageEngagementOutcomesMeaningful approach
2012
Context modulates attention to social scenes in toddlers with autism
Chawarska K, Macari S, Shic F. Context modulates attention to social scenes in toddlers with autism. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 2012, 53: 903-913. PMID: 22428993, PMCID: PMC3845814, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02538.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSocial attentionSpeaker's faceTypical developmentSocial scenesAtypical language profileDistribution of attentionPresence of salientNonsocial cuesAttentional responsesSocial cognitionTD controlsLanguage profilesNonverbal functioningEye contactLip movementsAutismEntire sceneSocial monitoringCuesToddlersVisual fieldSymptom severityPresent momentVisual responsesDevelopmental delay
2011
Adaptive Behavior in Toddlers Under Two with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Paul R, Loomis R, Chawarska K. Adaptive Behavior in Toddlers Under Two with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders 2011, 44: 264-270. PMID: 21573835, DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1279-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderSpectrum disorderVineland Adaptive Behavior ScalesAdaptive Behavior ScalesNonverbal developmentNonverbal abilityDevelopmental delayAutistic symptomsReceptive communicationBehavior ScaleAdaptive behaviorCommunication scoresAge 2Algorithm scoresToddlersClinical implicationsAreas of differenceCognitionDaily livingDisordersDD pairsScoresVinelandPeersCorrelation analysisPhonology and vocal behavior in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders
Schoen E, Paul R, Chawarska K. Phonology and vocal behavior in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research 2011, 4: 177-188. PMID: 21308998, PMCID: PMC3110574, DOI: 10.1002/aur.183.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderSpectrum disorderAge-matched toddlersLanguage-matched peersLanguage-matched controlsSpeech-like vocalizationsNonspeech vocalizationsTypical developmentSpeech samplesLanguage environmentPlay sessionsVocal developmentAtypical vocalizationsLanguage modelLanguage levelVocal productionToddlersVocal behaviorVocalization productionVocalizationsSound productionDisordersPhonologyPeersControl group
2010
Limited activity monitoring in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder
Shic F, Bradshaw J, Klin A, Scassellati B, Chawarska K. Limited activity monitoring in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Brain Research 2010, 1380: 246-254. PMID: 21129365, PMCID: PMC3050079, DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.074.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderTypical developmentSpectrum disorderAdult–child play interactionsGreater autism severityAutism severityObservational learningDevelopmental delayPlay interactionsCognitive deficitsDevelopmental progressionPeople's headsToddlersSocial activitiesFuture avenuesLess attentionBackground objectsAutismDisordersDeficitsLearningAttentionPeopleObjectsContext
2009
A prospective study of toddlers with ASD: short‐term diagnostic and cognitive outcomes
Chawarska K, Klin A, Paul R, Macari S, Volkmar F. A prospective study of toddlers with ASD: short‐term diagnostic and cognitive outcomes. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 2009, 50: 1235-1245. PMID: 19594835, PMCID: PMC4878113, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02101.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderPDD-NOSASD diagnosisCognitive outcomesCommunication skillsSocial-communicative skillsNon-ASD disordersNon-ASD groupDiagnosis of autismNonverbal communication skillsNumber of toddlersSpectrum disorderAutism diagnosisSkill profilesToddlersDiagnostic presentationDisability symptomsSkillsEnhances accuracyAutismDiagnostic classificationDisordersPrediction of outcomeSeverity of symptomsSecond yearLooking But Not Seeing: Atypical Visual Scanning and Recognition of Faces in 2 and 4-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Chawarska K, Shic F. Looking But Not Seeing: Atypical Visual Scanning and Recognition of Faces in 2 and 4-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders 2009, 39: 1663. PMID: 19590943, PMCID: PMC4878114, DOI: 10.1007/s10803-009-0803-7.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2008
Differentiating ASD From DLD in Toddlers
Paul R, Chawarska K, Volkmar F. Differentiating ASD From DLD in Toddlers. Perspectives On Language Learning And Education 2008, 15: 101-111. PMID: 20852731, PMCID: PMC2940236, DOI: 10.1044/lle15.3.101.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAutism spectrum disorderPretend playNonverbal cognitive skillsExpressive language levelUse of gesturesAge of identificationUse of gazeLate talkersCognitive skillsSpectrum disorderLanguage levelInterpersonal skillsPatterns of behaviorRange of soundsToddlersRate of communicationDLDEarly interventionWordsCurrent researchGazeClinical implicationsGesturesSkillsChildrenAutism, Eye-Tracking, Entropy
Shic F, Chawarska K, Bradshaw J, Scassellati B. Autism, Eye-Tracking, Entropy. 2008, 73-78. DOI: 10.1109/devlrn.2008.4640808.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchScanning patternsAutism spectrum disorderDifferent developmental trajectoriesYear old toddlersGroup of childrenSpectrum disorderFine attentionDevelopmental trajectoriesOlder toddlersEye trackingDifferential patternsStatic imagesRobust measureChildrenAttentionFaceAutismMeasuresToddlersDisordersImplicationsPatterns
2007
“Listen My Children and You Shall Hear”: Auditory Preferences in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Paul R, Chawarska K, Fowler C, Cicchetti D, Volkmar F. “Listen My Children and You Shall Hear”: Auditory Preferences in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal Of Speech Language And Hearing Research 2007, 50: 1350-1364. PMID: 17905916, DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/094).Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderChild-directed speechAuditory preferenceSpectrum disorderReceptive language abilityLater language developmentASD performASD showReceptive languageLanguage ageLanguage abilityTypical peersAuditory stimuliLanguage developmentCorrelational analysisDevelopmental disabilitiesPreference paradigmDevelopmental disordersLanguage patternsContrast groupYoung childrenToddlersSpeechChildrenDisordersThe Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: A Follow-up Study Investigating the Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Kleinman JM, Robins DL, Ventola PE, Pandey J, Boorstein HC, Esser EL, Wilson LB, Rosenthal MA, Sutera S, Verbalis AD, Barton M, Hodgson S, Green J, Dumont-Mathieu T, Volkmar F, Chawarska K, Klin A, Fein D. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: A Follow-up Study Investigating the Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders 2007, 38: 827-839. PMID: 17882539, PMCID: PMC3612529, DOI: 10.1007/s10803-007-0450-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism spectrum disorderPositive predictive valueModified ChecklistSpectrum disorderTelephone interviewsEarly detectionHigh-risk sampleLow-risk sampleHigh-risk sourceM-CHATPositive casesPredictive valueReferral sourceToddlersPromising instrumentAutismInitial screeningChildrenMonthsDisordersChecklistScreeningInterviewsFollow
2006
Parental Recognition of Developmental Problems in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Chawarska K, Paul R, Klin A, Hannigen S, Dichtel LE, Volkmar F. Parental Recognition of Developmental Problems in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders 2006, 37: 62-72. PMID: 17195921, DOI: 10.1007/s10803-006-0330-8.Peer-Reviewed Original Research