Involvement of immunologic and biochemical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Tourette’s syndrome
Landau YE, Steinberg T, Richmand B, Leckman JF, Apter A. Involvement of immunologic and biochemical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Tourette’s syndrome. Journal Of Neural Transmission 2011, 119: 621-626. PMID: 22139323, PMCID: PMC3936959, DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0739-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAutoimmune DiseasesBrain ChemistryChildComorbidityFemaleHumansMaleOxidative StressProspective StudiesTourette SyndromeConceptsTourette syndrome groupTourette syndromeSyndrome groupHealthy age-matched control subjectsTertiary pediatric medical centerAge-matched control subjectsIgG-4 levelsPediatric medical centerNovel therapeutic modalitiesNon-ceruloplasmin copperQuantitative immunoglobulinsImmunological markersControl subjectsHealthy childrenMedical recordsPhonic ticsMedical CenterTherapeutic modalitiesControl groupBiochemical markersSyndromeDemographic dataBiochemical indicesOxidative stressNeurodevelopmental disorders