2023
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Pre-pandemic Among Adults Hospitalized With Congestive Heart Failure or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Older Adults
Tippett A, Ess G, Hussaini L, Reese O, Salazar L, Kelly M, Taylor M, Ciric C, Keane A, Cheng A, Gibson T, Li W, Hsiao H, Bristow L, Hellmeister K, Al-Husein Z, Hubler R, Begier E, Liu Q, Gessner B, Swerdlow D, Kamidani S, Kao C, Yildirim I, Rouphael N, Rostad C, Anderson E. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Pre-pandemic Among Adults Hospitalized With Congestive Heart Failure or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Older Adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2023, 78: 1065-1072. PMID: 37946601, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad679.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInfluenza-related hospitalizationsAcute respiratory illnessCongestive heart failureInfluenza vaccination historyInfluenza vaccine effectivenessVaccine effectivenessYears of ageCOPD exacerbationsHeart failureVaccination historyChronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbationsTest-negative case-control studyObstructive pulmonary disease exacerbationsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAdjusted vaccine effectivenessHigh-risk comorbiditiesPulmonary disease exacerbationsObstructive pulmonary diseaseEligible study populationMultivariable logistic regressionConfidence intervalsCase-control studyRace/ethnicityVaccine registryDisease exacerbationAge-dependent impairment in antibody responses elicited by a homologous CoronaVac booster dose
Filardi B, Monteiro V, Schwartzmann P, do Prado Martins V, Zucca L, Baiocchi G, Malik A, Silva J, Hahn A, Chen N, Pham K, Pérez-Then E, Miric M, Brache V, Cochon L, Larocca R, Della Rosa Mendez R, Silveira D, Pinto A, Croda J, Yildirim I, Omer S, Ko A, Vermund S, Grubaugh N, Iwasaki A, Lucas C, Initiative Y, Vogels C, Breban M, Koch T, Chaguza C, Tikhonova I, Castaldi C, Mane S, De Kumar B, Ferguson D, Kerantzas N, Peaper D, Landry M, Schulz W. Age-dependent impairment in antibody responses elicited by a homologous CoronaVac booster dose. Science Translational Medicine 2023, 15: eade6023. PMID: 36791210, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade6023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBooster doseAntibody responseNeutralization titersVirus-specific IgG titersOlder adultsAntiviral humoral immunityPlasma antibody responsesHigh-risk populationSARS-CoV-2 spikeYears of ageAge-dependent impairmentHeterologous regimensBooster dosesBooster vaccineCoronaVac vaccineIgG titersProtective immunityHumoral immunityHumoral responseCoronaVacOmicron waveBooster strategyAge groupsEarly controlVaccine
2021
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers in the United Arab Emirates
AlKetbi LMB, Elharake JA, Memari SA, Mazrouei SA, Shehhi BA, Malik AA, McFadden SM, Galal B, Yildirim I, Khoshnood K, Omer SB, Memish ZA, AlZarouni AA, AlNeyadi AM, Hosani FA. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers in the United Arab Emirates. IJID Regions 2021, 1: 20-26. PMID: 35721775, PMCID: PMC8505903, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.08.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCOVID-19 vaccine acceptanceVaccine acceptanceHealthcare workersCOVID-19 vaccineHCW populationVaccine hesitancyCOVID-19 vaccine informationPublic health messaging campaignsCOVID-19 vaccine concernsCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancyYears of agePhysicians/surgeonsWorld Health OrganizationSimple logistic regressionVaccine informationVaccine concernsGeneral populationPatient decisionHealthcare providersInfection riskLogistic regressionHealthcare authoritiesHealth officialsHealth OrganizationVaccineSerotype Distribution of Remaining Pneumococcal Meningitis in the Mature PCV10/13 Period: Findings from the PSERENADE Project
Garcia Quesada M, Yang Y, Bennett JC, Hayford K, Zeger SL, Feikin DR, Peterson ME, Cohen AL, Almeida SCG, Ampofo K, Ang M, Bar-Zeev N, Bruce MG, Camilli R, Chanto Chacón G, Ciruela P, Cohen C, Corcoran M, Dagan R, De Wals P, Desmet S, Diawara I, Gierke R, Guevara M, Hammitt LL, Hilty M, Ho PL, Jayasinghe S, Kleynhans J, Kristinsson KG, Ladhani SN, McGeer A, Mwenda JM, Nuorti JP, Oishi K, Ricketson LJ, Sanz JC, Savrasova L, Setchanova LP, Smith A, Valentiner-Branth P, Valenzuela MT, van der Linden M, van Sorge NM, Varon E, Winje BA, Yildirim I, Zintgraff J, Knoll MD, . Serotype Distribution of Remaining Pneumococcal Meningitis in the Mature PCV10/13 Period: Findings from the PSERENADE Project. Microorganisms 2021, 9: 738. PMID: 33916227, PMCID: PMC8066874, DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040738.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHigher-valency PCVsPneumococcal meningitisSerotype distributionPneumococcal meningitis incidencePneumococcal serotype replacementAfrican meningitis beltPneumococcal meningitis casesYears of agePCV13 typesSerotype replacementMeningitis casesVaccine introductionMeningitis beltMeningitis incidenceVaccination programInvestigational productMeningitisSerotype 3SerotypesPCVRegression modelsAgeYearsPCV10/13PCV10Changes in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 following Introduction of PCV10 and PCV13: Findings from the PSERENADE Project
Bennett JC, Hetrich MK, Garcia Quesada M, Sinkevitch JN, Deloria Knoll M, Feikin DR, Zeger SL, Kagucia EW, Cohen AL, Ampofo K, Brandileone MC, Bruden D, Camilli R, Castilla J, Chan G, Cook H, Cornick JE, Dagan R, Dalby T, Danis K, de Miguel S, De Wals P, Desmet S, Georgakopoulou T, Gilkison C, Grgic-Vitek M, Hammitt LL, Hilty M, Ho PL, Jayasinghe S, Kellner JD, Kleynhans J, Knol MJ, Kozakova J, Kristinsson KG, Ladhani SN, MacDonald L, Mackenzie GA, Mad’arová L, McGeer A, Mereckiene J, Morfeldt E, Mungun T, Muñoz-Almagro C, Nuorti JP, Paragi M, Pilishvili T, Puentes R, Saha SK, Sahu Khan A, Savrasova L, Scott JA, Skoczyńska A, Suga S, van der Linden M, Verani JR, von Gottberg A, Winje BA, Yildirim I, Zerouali K, Hayford K, . Changes in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 following Introduction of PCV10 and PCV13: Findings from the PSERENADE Project. Microorganisms 2021, 9: 696. PMID: 33801760, PMCID: PMC8066231, DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040696.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInvasive pneumococcal diseasePneumococcal conjugate vaccinePneumococcal diseaseIncidence rateSerotype 1Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1Mixed-effects Poisson regressionInfant immunization programIntroduction of PCV10Pneumococcal serotype replacementIncidence rate ratiosIPD surveillance dataYears of ageIPD incidenceSerotype replacementLinear mixed-effects regressionConjugate vaccineBurden countriesImmunization programsMixed-effects regressionImportant causePoisson regressionSurveillance dataRate ratioPCV10/13
2020
Vaccine‐induced protection against hepatitis B in pediatric solid organ transplant patients
Ball M, Liverman R, Serluco A, Yildirim I. Vaccine‐induced protection against hepatitis B in pediatric solid organ transplant patients. Pediatric Transplantation 2020, 25: e13920. PMID: 33217081, DOI: 10.1111/petr.13920.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVaccine-induced protectionPediatric solid organ transplant patientsSolid organ transplant patientsOrgan transplant patientsHepatitis B virusHBV vaccinationTransplant patientsHepatitis B surface antibody titerHBV vaccination coverageHBV vaccine seriesPediatric SOT recipientsDetailed chart reviewYears of ageHBsAb titersSeroprotection ratesSOT recipientsHBV infectionTransplanted childrenVaccine seriesChart reviewHepatitis BLaboratory featuresImmunogenicity dataVaccination coverageVaccine immunityInitial posaconazole dosing to achieve therapeutic serum posaconazole concentrations among children, adolescents, and young adults receiving delayed‐release tablet and intravenous posaconazole
Bernardo V, Miles A, Fernandez AJ, Liverman R, Tippett A, Yildirim I. Initial posaconazole dosing to achieve therapeutic serum posaconazole concentrations among children, adolescents, and young adults receiving delayed‐release tablet and intravenous posaconazole. Pediatric Transplantation 2020, 24: e13777. PMID: 32639095, DOI: 10.1111/petr.13777.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYears of ageMedian daily doseTrough concentrationsDaily dosePlasma concentrationsYoung adultsPlasma trough concentrationsSerum posaconazole concentrationsInvasive fungal diseaseTherapeutic plasma concentrationsDelayed-release tabletsIntravenous posaconazolePosaconazole dosingImmunocompromised childrenPatients 13Optimal dosingBroad-spectrum antifungalsAdolescent patientsPosaconazole concentrationsHigher dosingPatientsBody weightGrade 1ProphylaxisDosingInfluenza vaccine effectiveness and disease burden in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: 2012‐2017
Kao CM, Lai K, McAteer JM, Elmontser M, Quincer EM, Yee MEM, Tippet A, Jerris RC, Lane PA, Anderson EJ, Bakshi N, Yildirim I. Influenza vaccine effectiveness and disease burden in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: 2012‐2017. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2020, 67: e28358. PMID: 32469138, PMCID: PMC8221251, DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28358.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfluenza vaccine effectivenessSickle cell diseaseVaccine effectivenessYears of ageInfluenza infectionOdds ratioCell diseaseLaboratory-confirmed influenza infectionSeasonal influenza vaccine effectivenessTest-negative case-control study designAdjusted vaccine effectivenessAdjusted VE estimatesInfluenza-positive casesOverall vaccine effectivenessAcute chest syndromeBurden of influenzaPatients 6 monthsMulticenter prospective studyTest-negative controlsAnnual influenza vaccineCase-control study designConfidence intervalsLogistic regression modelsChest syndromeInfluenza seasonWho is at risk of 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine failure?
Yildirim M, Keskinocak P, Pelton S, Pickering L, Yildirim I. Who is at risk of 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine failure? Vaccine 2020, 38: 1671-1677. PMID: 31974018, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive pneumococcal diseaseVaccine failureIPD casesVaccine serotypesDiagnosis of IPDHigh vaccine coverage ratesPneumococcal conjugate vaccineVaccine coverage ratesUnderlying risk factorsYears of ageMonths of agePneumococcal pneumoniaImmunization PracticesVaccine scheduleConjugate vaccinePneumococcal diseasePrimary dosesClinical presentationImmunization scheduleSerotype 19ACourse of immunisationRisk factorsComorbiditiesStudy periodPassive surveillance
2019
2314. Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Among Hospitalized Older Adults and Those with Underlying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Anderson E, Hussaini L, Bristow L, Tippett A, Gibson T, Hart M, Salazar L, Gaffney M, Benyeogor I, Cheng A, Drobeniuc A, Traenkner J, Fayad D, Washington W, Emerson L, Schwartz N, Greaves K, Todd S, Stanley C, Bechnak A, Chaaya R, Al-Husien Z, Deović R, Winston J, Ahmed D, Li W, Le K, Singh A, Spencer J, Muchinsky A, Zaks K, Nesheim W, Stephens K, Swerdlow D, Hubler R, Agosti Y, Munye M, Jadhao S, Ha B, McCracken C, Kraft C, Rostad C, Kao C, Lopman B, Yildirim I, Anderson L, Rouphael N, Rouphael N. 2314. Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Among Hospitalized Older Adults and Those with Underlying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2019, 6: s793-s794. PMCID: PMC6810302, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1992.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCongestive heart failureAcute respiratory infectionsRespiratory viral panelYears of ageHealthy controlsRespiratory syncytial virus infectionOlder adultsRSV antibody titersSyncytial virus infectionObstructive pulmonary diseaseRespiratory syncytial virusFour-fold riseConvalescent serologyClinical characteristicsHeart failurePulmonary diseaseRespiratory infectionsAsymptomatic adultsEligible adultsProspective surveillanceSyncytial virusViral panelAntibody titersOropharyngeal swabsIncidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in children with sickle cell disease
Yee ME, Bakshi N, Graciaa SH, Lane PA, Jerris RC, Wang YF, Yildirim I. Incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in children with sickle cell disease. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2019, 66: e27642. PMID: 30724001, PMCID: PMC6472970, DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27642.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSickle cell diseaseComprehensive clinical databaseInfluenzae infectionAntibiotic prophylaxisInfluenzae diseaseInvasive infectionsCell diseaseInvasive Haemophilus influenzae infectionsPediatric tertiary care centerHaemophilus influenzae type bLarge pediatric tertiary care centerUniversal antibiotic prophylaxisSterile body fluid culturesTertiary care centerHaemophilus influenzae infectionsBody fluid culturesInfluenzae type bYears of ageDistribution of serotypesNonvaccine serotypesClinical featuresOverall incidenceCare centerFluid cultureIncidence rate
2018
1430. Evolving Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
Yildirim I, Little B, Shea K, Pelton S, Massachusetts M. 1430. Evolving Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018, 5: s441-s442. PMCID: PMC6253418, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1261.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInvasive pneumococcal diseaseStreptococcus pneumoniaeIPD casesPneumococcal diseaseVaccine serotypesIncidence of IPDCommon clinical presentationIntroduction of PCV13Pneumococcal conjugate vaccineOverall mortality rateChildhood immunization scheduleSickle cell diseaseYears of ageEnhanced surveillance systemIPD incidenceCommon comorbiditiesConjugate vaccineMassachusetts childrenClinical presentationImmunization scheduleCurrent epidemiologyCNS diseaseHematologic malignanciesCell diseaseClinical data2555. Predicting Risk of Breakthrough Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination
Yildirim M, Pelton S, Keskinocak P, Yildirim I. 2555. Predicting Risk of Breakthrough Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018, 5: s68-s69. PMCID: PMC6252819, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy209.163.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPCV13 vaccinationNonvaccine serotypesIncomplete vaccinationThirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccineDose of PCV7Pneumococcal conjugate vaccinationInvasive pneumococcal diseaseChildhood immunization scheduleCases of IPDStreptococcus pneumoniae isolatesYears of ageEnhanced surveillance systemConjugate vaccinationPCV13 immunizationVT-IPDPneumococcal pneumoniaIPD casesConjugate vaccineIncomplete immunizationPneumococcal diseasePneumococcal infectionComorbid conditionsImmunization scheduleComplete immunizationClinical dataThe relative invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children after PCV introduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Balsells E, Dagan R, Yildirim I, Gounder PP, Steens A, Muñoz-Almagro C, Mameli C, Kandasamy R, Lavi N, Daprai L, van der Ende A, Trzciński K, Nzenze SA, Meiring S, Foster D, Bulkow LR, Rudolph K, Valero-Rello A, Ducker S, Vestrheim DF, von Gottberg A, Pelton SI, Zuccotti G, Pollard AJ, Sanders EAM, Campbell H, Madhi SA, Nair H, Kyaw MH. The relative invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children after PCV introduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal Of Infection 2018, 77: 368-378. PMID: 29964140, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.06.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive pneumococcal diseaseInvasive disease potentialPneumococcal conjugate vaccineNon-vaccine typesPCV introductionPneumococcal diseaseClinical syndromePneumococcal serotypesSurveillance of IPDDisease potentialSystematic reviewCurrent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinesYears of ageRandom-effects modelConjugate vaccineRoutine immunisationDisease presentationFuture vaccinesStreptococcus pneumoniaeSerotype 1SerotypesSyndromeCarriageChildrenVaccine
2017
Impact of PCV13 on Serotype 3 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Massachusetts’ Children
Lapidot R, Shea K, Little B, Yildirim I, Pelton S. Impact of PCV13 on Serotype 3 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Massachusetts’ Children. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2017, 4: s467-s467. PMCID: PMC5631065, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1194.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPresence of comorbiditiesIPD casesPCV13 implementationYears of ageClinical syndromeSpeaker honorariaNP carriageNasopharyngeal carriageSerotype 3 invasive pneumococcal diseaseInvasive pneumococcal disease incidenceAge distributionEffectiveness of PCV13Impact of PCV13US census estimatesInvasive pneumococcal diseasePneumococcal disease incidenceAnnual incidence rateActive Surveillance NetworkAnnual prevalence rateIPD incidenceMerck vaccinePCV13 dosePneumococcal diseaseVaccination statusVaccine serotypesInvasive Pneumococcal Disease in Massachusetts Children 6 Years Following Introduction of PCV13
Yildirim I, Little B, Pelton S. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Massachusetts Children 6 Years Following Introduction of PCV13. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2017, 4: s67-s67. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx162.159.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInvasive pneumococcal diseaseYears of ageNonvaccine serotypesSpeaker honorariaStreptococcus pneumoniaePneumococcal diseaseVaccine serotypesIncidence of IPDImplementation of PCV13Common clinical presentationIntroduction of PCV13Overall mortality rateChildhood immunization scheduleChildren 6 yearsProportion of casesMA childrenEnhanced surveillance systemIPD incidenceMerck vaccineIPD casesConjugate vaccinePCV13 eraClinical presentationComorbid conditionsImmunization schedule
2012
Evolving Picture of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Massachusetts Children
Yildirim I, Stevenson A, Hsu KK, Pelton SI. Evolving Picture of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Massachusetts Children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2012, 31: 1016-1021. PMID: 22673142, DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e3182615615.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAnti-Bacterial AgentsChildChild, PreschoolCluster AnalysisFemaleHeptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate VaccineHumansIncidenceInfantMaleMassachusettsMeningitis, PneumococcalMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMultilocus Sequence TypingPneumococcal VaccinesProspective StudiesSepsisSerotypingStreptococcus pneumoniaeConceptsInvasive pneumococcal diseasePneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypesPneumococcal conjugate vaccineIPD incidence ratesMassachusetts childrenPCV7 eraIPD casesPneumococcal diseaseConjugate vaccineVaccine serotypesSerotype 19AIncidence rateCases of IPDChildhood invasive pneumococcal diseaseHeptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinePopulation-based surveillanceOverall IPD incidence ratesCeftriaxone-resistant isolatesYears of ageAntimicrobial susceptibility testingBacteremic pneumoniaPCV7 serotypesMultilocus sequence typingNonvaccine serotypesClinical presentation
2010
Pneumococcal serotypes causing pediatric meningitis in Turkey: application of a new technology in the investigation of cases negative by conventional culture
Ceyhan M, Yildirim I, Sheppard C, George R. Pneumococcal serotypes causing pediatric meningitis in Turkey: application of a new technology in the investigation of cases negative by conventional culture. European Journal Of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 2010, 29: 289-293. PMID: 20087750, DOI: 10.1007/s10096-009-0853-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive pneumococcal diseasePolymerase chain reactionPneumococcal diseasePneumococcal serotypesCSF samplesAntigen detectionSurveillance of serotypesPneumococcal conjugate vaccinePrior antibiotic useSerotypes/groupsCerebrospinal fluid samplesYears of agePediatric meningitisBacterial meningitisVaccine impactConjugate vaccineActive surveillanceAntibiotic useCommon serotypesQuellung reactionStreptococcus pneumoniaeAge groupsInvestigation of casesSerotype 5Ply gene
2008
Differences in hepatitis A seroprevalence among geographical regions in Turkey: a need for regional vaccination recommendations
Ceyhan M, Yildirim I, Kurt N, Uysal G, Dikici B, Ecevit C, Aydogan A, Koc A, Yasa O, Köseoğlu M, Onal K, Hacimustafaoglu M, Celebi S. Differences in hepatitis A seroprevalence among geographical regions in Turkey: a need for regional vaccination recommendations. Journal Of Viral Hepatitis 2008, 15: 69-72. PMID: 18837839, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.01034.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRecommendation of vaccinationAnti-HAV antibodiesVaccine-preventable infectionsImmunoglobulin G antibodiesYears of ageLow endemicity regionsEnzyme-linked immunosorbentWorld Health OrganizationUniversal hepatitisIntermediate endemicityVaccination recommendationsHepatitis AOverall prevalenceVaccination policyMedical CenterMass vaccinationImmunization policyAge groupsVaccinationHealth OrganizationSocioeconomic differencesHepatitisEndemicityHygiene conditionsAgeComparison of the effect of benzathine penicillin G, clarithromycin, cefprozil and amoxicillin/clavulanate on the bacteriological response and throat flora in group A beta hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.
Yildirim I, Ceyhan M, Gür D, Kaymakoğlu I. Comparison of the effect of benzathine penicillin G, clarithromycin, cefprozil and amoxicillin/clavulanate on the bacteriological response and throat flora in group A beta hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. The Turkish Journal Of Pediatrics 2008, 50: 120-5. PMID: 18664074.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlpha-hemolytic streptococciBeta-lactamase productionBeta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitisBenzathine penicillin GStreptococcal tonsillopharyngitisInhibitory effectBacteriological cure rateEffect of clarithromycinAmoxicillin/clavulanatePenicillin GYears of ageProminent inhibitory effectAnaerobic bacteriaBacteriological responseCefprozil groupClarithromycin groupGABHS eradicationGABHS tonsillopharyngitisOral clarithromycinPharyngeal microfloraAmoxicillin/Lactamase productionThroat swabsCure rateThroat flora