Health Care Research

Health care policy and economic research with respect to radiology is an area of active research by several members of our faculty. Recent publications by Drs. Howard Forman and Jeffrey Weinreb address the means of measuring the current market for Radiologists, the incentives that medical students respond to in choosing a specialty, and ensuring quality in imaging services.

Professor Forman is a practicing emergency room/trauma radiologist. He teaches undergraduate, graduate, and graduate medical courses in healthcare policy, finance, and economics at Yale University. He is an associate editor of the AJR.

Dr. Weinreb is Section Chief of Body Imaging, Chief of MRI, and Director of Medical Imaging in the Department of Diagnostic Radiology at the Yale Medical School and Yale-New Haven Hospital. He is served for six years as Chairman of the Commission on Quality and Safety for the American College of Radiology. He is a former Vice President of the ACR and President of the Society for Computed Body Tomography/Magnetic Resonance (SCBT/MR). He is currently the Chair of the National Data Registry (NRDR) and Co-Chair of the ACR Forum.

Healthcare Research Publications

2023

Distribution and Disparities of Industry Payments to Radiologists (2016-2020).Khunte M, Zhong A, Wu X, Payabvash S, Gandhi D, Forman HP, Malhotra A. Acad Radiol. 2023 May 18; 2023 May 18. PMID: 37210267.
Industry Payments to Radiologists During the Last 5 Years and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic.Khunte M, Zhong A, Khunte A, Sanelli P, Forman H, Gandhi D, Malhotra A. J Am Coll Radiol. 2023 May 4; 2023 May 4. PMID: 37148954.
No such thing as a free lunch: The direct marginal costs of breastfeeding.Mahoney SE, Taylor SN, Forman HP. J Perinatol. 2023 May; 2023 Mar 22. PMID: 36949157.
Even in Radiology, Race Matters.Forman HP, Davis MA. Radiology. 2023 May; 2023 Feb 21. PMID: 36809221.
LI-RADS: Looking Back, Looking Forward.Chernyak V, Fowler KJ, Do RKG, Kamaya A, Kono Y, Tang A, Mitchell DG, Weinreb J, Santillan CS, Sirlin CB. Radiology. 2023 Apr; 2023 Feb 28. PMID: 36853182.
Clinical Implementation of a Combined Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing Quality Assurance Program for Pulmonary Nodule Detection in the Emergency Department Setting.Cavallo JJ, de Oliveira Santo I, Mezrich JL, Forman HP. J Am Coll Radiol. 2023 Apr; 2023 Feb 2. PMID: 36736547.
Cost-effectiveness of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in adults with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma.Potnis KC, Di M, Isufi I, Gowda L, Seropian SE, Foss FM, Forman HP, Huntington SF. Blood Adv. 2023 Mar 14. PMID: 36342852.
Clinical criteria to exclude acute vascular pathology on CT angiogram in patients with dizziness.Tu LH, Malhotra A, Venkatesh AK, Taylor RA, Sheth KN, Yaesoubi R, Forman HP, Sureshanand S, Navaratnam D. PLoS One. 2023; 2023 Mar 9. PMID: 36893103.
Price Variability for Common Radiology Services within U.S. Hospitals.Jiang JX, Forman HP, Gupta S, Bai G. Radiology. 2023 Mar; 2022 Oct 18. PMID: 36255313.
An update on ductal plate malformations and fibropolycystic diseases of the liver.Mirza H, Besse W, Somlo S, Weinreb J, Kenney B, Jain D. Hum Pathol. 2023 Feb; 2022 Jun 28. PMID: 35777701.

2022

Diversity in Radiology: Current Status and Trends Over the Past Decade.Wu X, Bajaj S, Khunte M, Revzin M, Gandhi D, Wintermark M, Sanelli P, Forman H, Malhotra A. Radiology. 2022 Dec; 2022 Aug 9. PMID: 35943334.
Assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine market landscape in 2021 relative to challenges in low- and middle-income countries.Oddleifson DA, Kayani J, Shrivastava R, Tan J, Winters M, Forman H, Omer SB. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Nov 30; 2022 Oct 21. PMID: 36269944.
Clinical utility of MR/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy in patients with lower suspicion lesions on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer.Lokeshwar SD, Nguyen J, Rahman SN, Khajir G, Ho R, Ghabili K, Leapman MS, Weinreb JC, Sprenkle PC. Urol Oncol. 2022 Sep; 2022 Jul 8. PMID: 35811206.
The Critical Shortage of Iodinated Contrast Material - Will Value Prevail?Tu LH, Miller JE, Forman HP. N Engl J Med. 2022 Aug 11; 2022 Jun 15. PMID: 35704416.
Yield of Head Computed Tomography Examinations for Common Psychiatric Presentations and Implications for Medical Clearance From a 6-Year Analysis of Acute Hospital Visits.Tu LH, Malhotra A, Sheth KN, Yaesoubi R, Forman HP, Venkatesh AK. JAMA Intern Med. 2022 Aug 1. PMID: 35727595.
ACR Statement on Use of Iodinated Contrast Material for Medical Imaging in Young Children and Need for Thyroid Monitoring.Dillman JR, Forbes-Amrhein MM, Wang CL, Asch D, Cavallo J, Ellis JH, Gilligan LA, Krishnan P, McDonald RJ, McDonald JS, Murphy BL, Mervak BM, Newhouse JH, Pahade JK, Sumkin A, Weinreb JC, Weinstein S, Davenport MS. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jul; 2022 Jun 7. PMID: 35679956.
Statement from the ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media on the Intravenous Iodinated Contrast Media Shortage.Wang CL, Asch D, Cavallo J, Dillman JR, Ellis JH, Forbes-Amrhein MM, Gilligan LA, Krishnan P, McDonald RJ, McDonald JS, Murphy BL, Mervak BM, Newhouse JH, Pahade JK, Sumkin A, Weinreb JC, Weinstein S, Davenport MS. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jul; 2022 May 20. PMID: 35598635.
ACR-RADS Programs Current State and Future Opportunities: Defining a Governance Structure to Enable Sustained Success.Davenport MS, Chatfield M, Hoang J, Maturen KE, Obuchowski N, Tse JR, Weinreb J, Kaur D, Attridge L, Kurth D, Larson D. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jun; 2022 Apr 26. PMID: 35487247.
JACR Health Policy Expert Panel: Hospital Price Transparency.Liao JM, Bai G, Forman HP, White AA, Lee CI. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jun; 2022 Apr 21. PMID: 35460605.
A systematic review of cost-effectiveness analyses on endovascular thrombectomy in ischemic stroke patients.Wu X, Khunte M, Gandhi D, Sanelli P, Forman HP, Malhotra A. Eur Radiol. 2022 Jun; 2022 Mar 17. PMID: 35301558.
Real-Time MRI-Guided Prostate Interventions.Masoom SN, Sundaram KM, Ghanouni P, Fütterer J, Oto A, Ayyagari R, Sprenkle P, Weinreb J, Arora S. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Apr 7; 2022 Apr 7. PMID: 35454773.
Evaluation of Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration Among US Adults, 2004-2018.Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Valero-Elizondo J, Massey D, Lu Y, Roy B, Riley C, Annapureddy AR, Murugiah K, Elumn J, Nasir K, Nunez-Smith M, Forman HP, Jackson CL, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Apr 1; 2022 Apr 1. PMID: 35389500.
Perioperative magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer care: Distinct adoption trajectories among physician patient-sharing networks.Xu X, Soulos PR, Herrin J, Wang SY, Pollack CE, Killelea BK, Forman HP, Gross CP. PLoS One. 2022; 2022 Mar 15. PMID: 35290417.
Price Transparency Comes to Radiology: Are We Ready for the Attention?Forman HP. Radiology. 2022 Mar; 2021 Nov 30. PMID: 34846209.
Head and Neck CTA Utilization: Analysis of Ordering Frequency and Nonroutine Results Communication, With Focus on the 50 Most Common Emergency Department Clinical Presentations.Tu LH, Malhotra A, Venkatesh AK, Taylor RA, Sheth KN, Forman HP, Yaesoubi R. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2022 Mar; 2021 Sep 29. PMID: 34585611.
Drip-and-ship versus mothership for endovascular treatment of acute stroke: A comparative effectiveness analysis.Wu X, Wira CR, Matouk CC, Forman HP, Gandhi D, Sanelli P, Schindler J, Malhotra A. Int J Stroke. 2022 Mar; 2021 Apr 15. PMID: 33759645.
Symptoms Associated with Gadolinium Exposure (SAGE): A Suggested Term.McDonald RJ, Weinreb JC, Davenport MS. Radiology. 2022 Feb; 2021 Nov 16. PMID: 34783590.
Targeting prostate cancer with Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin functionalized nanoparticles co-encapsulating imaging cargo enhances magnetic resonance imaging specificity.Martin DT, Lee JS, Liu Q, Galiana G, Sprenkle PC, Humphrey PA, Petrylak DP, Weinreb JC, Schulam PG, Weiss RM, Fahmy TM. Nanomedicine. 2022 Feb; 2021 Nov 3. PMID: 34740868.
Scenarios to improve CT head utilization in the emergency department delineated by critical results reporting.Tu LH, Venkatesh AK, Malhotra A, Taylor RA, Sheth KN, Forman HP, Yaesoubi R. Emerg Radiol. 2022 Feb; 2021 Oct 7. PMID: 34617133.
Low-Cost Low-Field MRI Has Arrived: What Does It Mean for Radiology?Weinreb JC. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022 Jan; 2021 Nov 1. PMID: 34736909.
Financial and medicolegal implications of focused/fast abdominopelvic MRI exams.Mezrich JL, Weinreb JC. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022 Jan; 2021 Oct 28. PMID: 34713311.

2021

Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR): International Consensus -based Guidelines on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer Recurrence after Radiation Therapy and Radical Prostatectomy.Panebianco V, Villeirs G, Weinreb JC, Turkbey BI, Margolis DJ, Richenberg J, Schoots IG, Moore CM, Futterer J, Macura KJ, Oto A, Bittencourt LK, Haider MA, Salomon G, Tempany CM, Padhani AR, Barentsz JO. Eur Urol Oncol. 2021 Dec; 2021 Feb 10. PMID: 33582104.
Musculoskeletal Urgent Care Centers Restrict Access for Patients with Medicaid Insurance Based on Policy and Location.Yousman LC, Hsiang WR, Jin G, Najem M, Mosier-Mills A, Khunte A, Jain S, Forman H, Wiznia DH. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021 Nov 1. PMID: 34114975.
Feasibility of diffusion weighting with a local inside-out nonlinear gradient coil for prostate MRI.Hoque Bhuiyan E, Dewdney A, Weinreb J, Galiana G. Med Phys. 2021 Oct; 2021 Sep 24. PMID: 34287937.
Pediatric Emergency Imaging Studies in Academic Radiology Departments: A Nationwide Survey of Staffing Practices.Sutton R, Silvestri DM, Sodagari F, Krishnamurthy R, Forman HP. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 Sep; 2021 May 11. PMID: 33989533.
The Prognostic Association of Prostate MRI PI-RADS™ v2 Assessment Category and Risk of Biochemical Recurrence after Definitive Local Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Rajwa P, Mori K, Huebner NA, Martin DT, Sprenkle PC, Weinreb JC, Ploussard G, Pradere B, Shariat SF, Leapman MS. J Urol. 2021 Sep; 2021 Apr 27. PMID: 33904755.
Trends in Differences in Health Status and Health Care Access and Affordability by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999-2018.Mahajan S, Caraballo C, Lu Y, Valero-Elizondo J, Massey D, Annapureddy AR, Roy B, Riley C, Murugiah K, Onuma O, Nunez-Smith M, Forman HP, Nasir K, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. JAMA. 2021 Aug 17. PMID: 34402830.
The Effect of Esophageal Temperature Probes on Postoperative Dysphagia Following Primary Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Randomized Prospective Study.Samtani RG, Huttman D, Weinreb JH, Cyriac M, Yu W, O'Brien JR. Int J Spine Surg. 2021 Aug; 2021 Jul 15. PMID: 34266927.
Multicentre methodological study to create a publicly available score of hospital financial standing in the USA.Zinoviev R, Krumholz HM, Ciccarone R, Antle R, Forman HP. BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 23; 2021 Jul 23. PMID: 34301654.
Patient Electronic Access to Final Radiology Reports: What Is the Current Standard of Practice, and Is an Embargo Period Appropriate?Mezrich JL, Jin G, Lye C, Yousman L, Forman HP. Radiology. 2021 Jul; 2021 May 4. PMID: 33944630.
Contrast Coverage: Focus on Patient Safety.Weinreb JC. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 Jul; 2021 Mar 19. PMID: 33753070.
Deep learning-assisted differentiation of pathologically proven atypical and typical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) versus non-HCC on contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver.Oestmann PM, Wang CJ, Savic LJ, Hamm CA, Stark S, Schobert I, Gebauer B, Schlachter T, Lin M, Weinreb JC, Batra R, Mulligan D, Zhang X, Duncan JS, Chapiro J. Eur Radiol. 2021 Jul; 2021 Jan 6. PMID: 33409782.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Hospitalization Rate and Infection Fatality Rate Among the Non-Congregate Population in Connecticut.Mahajan S, Caraballo C, Li SX, Dong Y, Chen L, Huston SK, Srinivasan R, Redlich CA, Ko AI, Faust JS, Forman HP, Krumholz HM. Am J Med. 2021 Jun; 2021 Feb 20. PMID: 33617808.
International Multi-Site Initiative to Develop an MRI-Inclusive Nomogram for Side-Specific Prediction of Extraprostatic Extension of Prostate Cancer.Wibmer AG, Kattan MW, Alessandrino F, Baur ADJ, Boesen L, Franco FB, Bonekamp D, Campa R, Cash H, Catalá V, Crouzet S, Dinnoo S, Eastham J, Fennessy FM, Ghabili K, Hohenfellner M, Levi AW, Ji X, Løgager V, Margolis DJ, Moldovan PC, Panebianco V, Penzkofer T, Puech P, Radtke JP, Rouvière O, Schlemmer HP, Sprenkle PC, Tempany CM, Vilanova JC, Weinreb J, Hricak H, Shukla-Dave A. Cancers (Basel). 2021 May 27; 2021 May 27. PMID: 34071842.
Urgent care center wait times increase for COVID-19 results in August 2020, with rapid testing availability limited.Yousman LC, Khunte A, Hsiang W, Jain S, Forman H, Wiznia D. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Apr 8; 2021 Apr 8. PMID: 33832506.
Outcomes following outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of myelopathy.Lee R, Lee D, Iweala U, Ramamurti P, Weinreb JH, O'Brien JR. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Apr; 2020 Aug 9. PMID: 33717932.
Doubling of Decipher Biopsy Genomic Score Is Related to Disease Reclassification on Subsequent Surveillance Biopsy but Not Adverse Features on Radical Prostatectomy.Ghabili K, Paulson N, Syed JS, Nawaf CB, Khajir G, Martin DT, Onofrey J, Leapman MS, Levi A, Weinreb JC, Humphrey PA, Sprenkle PC. Case Rep Urol. 2021; 2021 Mar 17. PMID: 33936831.
Expanding Presumptive Eligibility as a Key Part of Medicaid Reform.Degife E, Forman H, Rosenbaum S. JAMA Health Forum. 2021 Feb 1; 2021 Feb 1. PMID: 36218785.
Night and Day: Confounding Factors Complicate Comparison and Generalizability of Radiology Error Rates.Dym RJ, Forman HP, Scheinfeld MH. Radiology. 2021 Feb; 2020 Dec 15. PMID: 33320068.
Perspectives and Concerns about PI-RADS and Variability.Tempany-Afdhal CMC, Padhani A, Barentsz J, Weinreb J. Radiology. 2021 Feb; 2020 Nov 24. PMID: 33231533.