2001
Sensory Stimuli and Anxiety in Children Undergoing Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Kain Z, Wang S, Mayes L, Krivutza D, Teague B. Sensory Stimuli and Anxiety in Children Undergoing Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Anesthesia & Analgesia 2001, 92: 897-903. PMID: 11273921, DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200104000-00018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInduction of anesthesiaChildren Undergoing SurgeryPostoperative day 1Postoperative behavioral changesSensory stimuliPost Hospitalization Behavior QuestionnaireUndergoing surgeryBehavioral recoveryIncreased complianceStimulation groupDay 1AnesthesiaControl groupAnesthesia maskOperating room lightsSurgeryAnxiety of childrenBehavioral interventionsOperating roomChildrenBehavioral changesExhibit low levelsBehavior QuestionnaireInductionAnxiety
2000
Midazolam: Effects on Amnesia and Anxiety in Children
Kain Z, Hofstadter M, Mayes L, Krivutza D, Alexander G, Wang S, Reznick J. Midazolam: Effects on Amnesia and Anxiety in Children. Anesthesiology 2000, 93: 676. PMID: 10969300, DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200009000-00016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOral midazolamMidazolam administrationAnterograde amnesiaGood anterograde amnesiaSignificant anterograde amnesiaInduction of anesthesiaSignificant anxiolytic effectMidazolam groupGeneral anesthesiaSignificant group differencesAnxiolytic effectsBusy operating roomSurgical proceduresPostintervention testingDrug AdministrationControl groupMidazolamBaseline testingAnxiety measurement toolAnxiety of childrenOperating roomAdministrationGroup differencesPicture cardsAnesthesiaParental Presence and a Sedative Premedicant for Children Undergoing Surgery
Kain Z, Mayes L, Wang S, Caramico L, Krivutza D, Hofstadter M. Parental Presence and a Sedative Premedicant for Children Undergoing Surgery. Anesthesiology 2000, 92: 939-946. PMID: 10754612, DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200004000-00010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPPIA groupSedative groupOverall careParental presenceParental satisfactionOperating roomParental anxietyInduction of anesthesiaPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsPerioperative periodOral midazolamOral sedativesPreoperative anxietySedative premedicantsAnesthesia maskChildrenSedativesAnxietyAdditive effectChild anxietyEndpointCareStandardized measuresIntervention
1999
Postoperative Behavioral Outcomes in Children
Kain Z, Mayes L, Wang S, Hofstadter M. Postoperative Behavioral Outcomes in Children. Anesthesiology 1999, 90: 758-765. PMID: 10078677, DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199903000-00018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPostoperative behavioral outcomesPostoperative day 1Induction of anesthesiaNegative behavioral changesPlacebo groupDay 1Multivariate logistic regression modelRecent stressful life eventsBehavioral changesFirst postoperative weekPostoperative behavioral changesPaucity of dataLogistic regression modelsPost Hospitalization Behavior QuestionnaireBehavioral outcomesMidazolam groupStressful life eventsPostoperative weekBehavioral recoveryIntervention groupPreoperative anxietyWeek 2Lower anxiety levelsSedative premedicationMeasures of anxiety
1998
Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia versus Sedative Premedication
Kain Z, Mayes L, Wang S, Caramico L, Hofstadter M. Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia versus Sedative Premedication. Anesthesiology 1998, 89: 1147-1156. PMID: 9822003, DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199811000-00015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInduction of anesthesiaMidazolam groupControl groupParental presenceOral midazolamEnd pointParental presence groupPrimary end pointSecondary end pointsParental anxiety scoresPerioperative periodPreoperative periodPreoperative anxietySedative premedicationAnesthesia maskAnesthesiaMidazolamOperating roomAnxiety scoresParent anxietyChildrenLess anxietyInterventionAnxietyInduction
1996
Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia
Kain Z, Mayes L, Caramico L, Silver D, Spieker M, Nygren M, Anderson G, Rimar S. Parental Presence during Induction of Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1996, 84: 1060-1067. PMID: 8623999, DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199605000-00007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInduction of anesthesiaSerum cortisol concentrationsLow baseline levelsParental presencePhysiologic measuresBaseline levelsCortisol concentrationsPreoperative behavioral interventionsMultivariate linear regression analysisOutpatient surgeryIntervention groupLinear regression analysisControl groupParent-absent groupBaseline temperamentAnesthesiaBehavioral interventionsChild's ageSignificant differencesChildrenRegression analysisInterventionLow trait anxietyTrait anxietyAnxiety