Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is released by female mouse bladder urothelial cells and expressed by the urothelium as an early response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Li Y, Lu M, Alvarez‐Lugo L, Chen G, Chai TC. Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is released by female mouse bladder urothelial cells and expressed by the urothelium as an early response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Neurourology And Urodynamics 2016, 36: 1020-1025. PMID: 27337494, DOI: 10.1002/nau.23057.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBladder urotheliumCyclooxygenase-2GM-CSFCyclooxygenase-1GM-CSFRαBladder tissueMRNA expressionTumor necrosis factor αCOX-2 mRNA expressionVivo LPS exposureVascular endothelial growth factorNecrosis factor αDose-dependent releaseIncrease of VEGFGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signalingBladder urothelial cellsConcentrations of lipopolysaccharideGM-CSF mRNA expressionEndothelial growth factorGM-CSF antibodyMouse bladder urotheliumGM-CSF activityLPS exposurePain transductionSingle dose