Human regulatory memory B cells defined by expression of TIM-1 and TIGIT are dysfunctional in multiple sclerosis
Varghese J, Kaskow B, von Glehn F, Case J, Li Z, Julé A, Berdan E, Sui S, Hu Y, Krishnan R, Chitnis T, Kuchroo V, Weiner H, Baecher-Allan C. Human regulatory memory B cells defined by expression of TIM-1 and TIGIT are dysfunctional in multiple sclerosis. Frontiers In Immunology 2024, 15: 1360219. PMID: 38745667, PMCID: PMC11091236, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360219.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMemory B cell subsetsMemory B cellsB cell subsetsT cell activationB cellsT cellsMultiple sclerosisIL-17ATIM-1Levels of CD4+ T cell activationAllogeneic CD4+ T cellsRelapsing-remittingAssociated with response to therapyAnti-CD20 treated patientsCD4+ T cell activationDouble positive (DPCD4+ T cellsExpression of TIM-1Genes associated with T-cell activationInduction of inflammatory markersInduce T cell proliferationHuman memory B cellsLack of cell surface markersRegulatory B cellsExpression of genes associated with T-cell activation