2014
Lyme Disease
Solomon C, Shapiro E. Lyme Disease. New England Journal Of Medicine 2014, 370: 1724-1731. PMID: 24785207, PMCID: PMC4487875, DOI: 10.1056/nejmcp1314325.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2004
Effectiveness Over Time of Varicella Vaccine
Vázquez M, LaRussa PS, Gershon AA, Niccolai LM, Muehlenbein CE, Steinberg SP, Shapiro ED. Effectiveness Over Time of Varicella Vaccine. JAMA 2004, 291: 851-855. PMID: 14970064, DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.7.851.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTime of vaccinationVaricella vaccineVaccine effectivenessCase subjectsPolymerase chain reaction test resultsVaricella-zoster virus DNACase-control studyReaction test resultsReports of outbreaksFirst yearBreakthrough diseaseImmunized groupsActive surveillancePossible confoundersPediatric practiceVaccinationVaccineVirus DNAMonthsMost casesGroup practiceChickenpoxAgeYear 2Year 1Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias
Shapiro ED. Case-control studies of the effectiveness of vaccines: validity and assessment of potential bias. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2004, 23: 127-131. PMID: 14872178, DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000109248.32907.1d.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntibodies, BacterialBacterial CapsulesBiasCase-Control StudiesChild, PreschoolConfidence IntervalsFemaleHaemophilus InfectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bHaemophilus VaccinesHumansImmunityImmunization ScheduleInfantMalePolysaccharides, BacterialProbabilityReference ValuesReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityTreatment OutcomeVaccinationConceptsEffectiveness of vaccinesCase-control studyInvasive Hib infectionsHib vaccinePneumococcal infectionHib infectionsInvasive infectionsHaemophilus influenzae type bInvasive pneumococcal infectionsInfluenzae type bMonths of ageIdentical study designOverall 34Study 74S. pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccineInfectionStudy designHibType BPneumoniaeValid methodCasesPotential bias
2001
Position for Newborn Sleep: Associations with Parents' Perceptions of Their Nursery Experience
Colson E, Bergman D, Shapiro E, Leventhal J. Position for Newborn Sleep: Associations with Parents' Perceptions of Their Nursery Experience. Birth 2001, 28: 249-253. PMID: 11903213, DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-536x.2001.00249.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSupine positionSudden infant death syndromeUrban primary care centerPrimary care centersWell-child visitsInfant death syndromeCause of deathCurrent American AcademyInfant sleeping positionPercent of parentsPostpartum hospitalInner-city parentsHealthy infantsPostpartum periodProne positionCare centerPediatrics recommendationsDeath syndromeInner-city settingsNewborn sleepSleeping positionInfant sleepInfantsAmerican AcademyPostpartum experiencesThe Effectiveness of the Varicella Vaccine in Clinical Practice
Vázquez M, LaRussa P, Gershon A, Steinberg S, Freudigman K, Shapiro E. The Effectiveness of the Varicella Vaccine in Clinical Practice. New England Journal Of Medicine 2001, 344: 955-960. PMID: 11274621, DOI: 10.1056/nejm200103293441302.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVaricella-zoster virusVaricella vaccinePolymerase chain reactionMild diseasePediatric practiceClinical practicePositive PCR testCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionPotential casesUnvaccinated childrenPotential confoundersActive surveillanceSevere diseaseChickenpoxDay 3VaccineLogistic regressionPCR testDiseaseChain reactionChildrenResearch assistantsIllnessVirus
2000
Prospective cohort study of children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers, 1985 through 1997: trends in the risk of vertical transmission, mortality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicator diseases in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy
SIMPSON J, SHAPIRO E, ANDIMAN W. Prospective cohort study of children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers, 1985 through 1997: trends in the risk of vertical transmission, mortality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome indicator diseases in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2000, 19: 618-624. PMID: 10917219, DOI: 10.1097/00006454-200007000-00007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAIDS indicator diseasesMonths of ageIndicator diseasesInfected childrenVertical transmissionCohort studyHuman immunodeficiency virus-infected mothersMycobacterium avium complex diseaseActive antiretroviral therapyHIV infection statusPerson monthsProspective cohort studyPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaLongitudinal cohort studyRate of deathIntroduction of treatmentTime of deathRates of diseaseAntiretroviral therapyHIV infectionCarinii pneumoniaPregnant womenAntiretroviral drugsHIV-1HIV
1998
Lyme Arthritis in Children: Clinical Epidemiology and Long-term Outcomes
Gerber M, Zemel L, Shapiro E. Lyme Arthritis in Children: Clinical Epidemiology and Long-term Outcomes. Pediatrics 1998, 102: 905-908. PMID: 9755263, DOI: 10.1542/peds.102.4.905.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong-term outcomesLyme arthritisAppropriate antimicrobial therapyAntimicrobial therapyClinical epidemiologyLyme diseaseMean white blood cell countWhite blood cell countNewington Children's HospitalCells/mm3Pediatric rheumatology clinicTime of diagnosisEarly Lyme diseaseErythrocyte sedimentation rateLong-term followOnset of symptomsBlood cell countStructured telephone interviewActive arthritisChronic arthritisRheumatology clinicArthroscopic synovectomyInitial diagnosisChildren's HospitalTelephone followLyme Disease
Shapiro E. Lyme Disease. Pediatrics In Review 1998, 19: 147-154. PMID: 9584524, DOI: 10.1542/pir.19-5-147.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1997
Reduction in the Risk of Vertical Transmission of HIV-1 Associated with Treatment of Pregnant Women with Orally Administered Zidovudine Alone
Simpson B, Shapiro E, Andiman W. Reduction in the Risk of Vertical Transmission of HIV-1 Associated with Treatment of Pregnant Women with Orally Administered Zidovudine Alone. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1997, 14: 145-152. PMID: 9052723, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199702010-00007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdministration, OralAdolescentAdultAnti-HIV AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCohort StudiesDelivery, ObstetricFemaleHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalLongitudinal StudiesOdds RatioPregnancyPregnancy Complications, InfectiousProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsZidovudineConceptsRisk of transmissionT-lymphocyte countsMode of deliveryVertical transmissionHIV-1Cell countT-cell countsProspective cohort studyRisk of motherRoutine prenatal careSubgroup of womenChild transmissionUntreated womenCohort studyUntreated mothersPregnant womenPrenatal careObservational studyCD4ZidovudineSignificant associationWomenMothersRiskSignificant reduction
1996
Lyme Disease in Children in Southeastern Connecticut
Gerber M, Shapiro E, Burke G, Parcells V, Bell G. Lyme Disease in Children in Southeastern Connecticut. New England Journal Of Medicine 1996, 335: 1270-1274. PMID: 8857006, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199610243351703.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsErythema migrans lesionsSingle erythema migrans lesionLyme diseaseErythema migransClinical manifestationsMultiple erythema migrans lesionsCommunity-based cohort studyFacial nerve palsyInitial clinical manifestationPrompt clinical responseEarly Lyme diseasePercent of childrenConventional antimicrobial therapyMultiple erythemaClinical responseCohort studyAseptic meningitisConsecutive patientsMedian ageProspective dataAntimicrobial therapyAntibody testNew episodesPatientsLesions
1995
Risk Factors for a First Febrile Seizure: A Matched Case‐Control Study
Berg A, Shinnar S, Shapiro E, Salomon M, Crain E, Hauser W. Risk Factors for a First Febrile Seizure: A Matched Case‐Control Study. Epilepsia 1995, 36: 334-341. PMID: 7541745, DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01006.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFirst febrile seizureFebrile seizuresCase-control studyUnprovoked seizuresRisk factorsHeight of temperatureIndex visitEmergency departmentSignificant independent risk factorsMatched Case-Control StudyIndependent risk factorAcute illness episodesRoutine pediatric careUse of acetaminophenSignificant inverse associationHospital emergency departmentDate of visitFebrile controlsMaternal smokingUnderlying illnessMultivariable analysisOutpatient clinicIllness characteristicsIllness episodesPerinatal variables
1994
Invasive bacterial infections in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Andiman W, Mezger J, Shapiro E. Invasive bacterial infections in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1994, 124: 846-852. PMID: 8201465, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)83169-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive bacterial infectionsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1Years of ageVirus type 1Bacterial infectionsHIV-1 infection statusHIV-1-infected mothersHIV-1-infected patientsType 1Instances of bacteremiaSerious focal infectionsObservational cohort studyRate of infectionMonths of ageUninfected subjectsCohort studyPneumococcal bacteremiaInvasive infectionsFocal infectionHIV-1Cerebrospinal fluidS. pneumoniaeHIVStreptococcus pneumoniae
1993
Quantitative leukoviremia and immune complex-dissociated antigenemia as predictors of infection status in children born to mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Ikeda M, Andiman W, Mezger J, Shapiro E, Miller G. Quantitative leukoviremia and immune complex-dissociated antigenemia as predictors of infection status in children born to mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1993, 122: 524-531. PMID: 8463895, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)83530-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1Virus type 1Infection statusCulture resultsHIV-1-infected mothersType 1Peripheral blood mononuclear cellsSerum antigen testHIV-1 antigensBlood mononuclear cellsPositive culture resultsNegative culture resultsSeronegative donorsInfected childrenReactive antibodiesAntigen testMononuclear cellsClinical criteriaHIV-1Immune complexesCocultureChildrenPositive resultsAntigen
1992
A Controlled Trial of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Lyme Disease after Deer-Tick Bites
Shapiro E, Gerber M, Holabird N, Berg A, Feder H, Bell G, Rys P, Persing D. A Controlled Trial of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Lyme Disease after Deer-Tick Bites. New England Journal Of Medicine 1992, 327: 1769-1773. PMID: 1435930, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199212173272501.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDeer tick biteRisk of infectionProphylactic antimicrobial treatmentLyme diseaseB. burgdorferiAntimicrobial treatmentDeer ticksPlacebo-controlled trialPlacebo-treated subjectsCare of personsAsymptomatic seroconversionAntimicrobial prophylaxisErythema migransClinical manifestationsPolymerase chain reactionLate manifestationPlaceboDiseaseSerum samplesInfectionBorrelia burgdorferiBiteChain reactionAmoxicillinBurgdorferiA Prospective Study of Recurrent Febrile Seizures
Berg A, Shinnar S, Hauser W, Alemany M, Shapiro E, Salomon M, Crain E. A Prospective Study of Recurrent Febrile Seizures. New England Journal Of Medicine 1992, 327: 1122-1127. PMID: 1528207, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199210153271603.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of recurrenceRecurrent febrile seizuresFebrile seizuresProspective studyFamily historyFirst febrile seizureDuration of feverPredictors of recurrenceComplex febrile seizuresInitial febrile seizurePediatric emergency departmentInitial seizureEmergency departmentMedical recordsNeurodevelopmental abnormalitiesCumulative riskRecurrenceFeverSeizuresDegree of increaseDegrees FChildrenRiskShort durationMonthsOutcome of children with occult bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b
KORONES D, MARSHALL G, SHAPIRO E. Outcome of children with occult bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1992, 11: 516-520. PMID: 1528640, DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199207000-00002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHaemophilus influenzae type bOutcome of childrenInfluenzae type bOccult bacteremiaHib bacteremiaYale-New Haven HospitalSerious focal infectionsType BClinical courseMedian ageHib infectionsChildren's HospitalSerious infectionsHealthy childrenMedical recordsFocal infectionBacteremiaHospitalInfectionChildrenOutpatientsSuch antimicrobialsOutcomesBetter definitionAntimicrobials
1991
The Protective Efficacy of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Shapiro E, Berg A, Austrian R, Schroeder D, Parcells V, Margolis A, Adair R, Clemens J. The Protective Efficacy of Polyvalent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine. New England Journal Of Medicine 1991, 325: 1453-1460. PMID: 1944423, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199111213252101.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInvasive pneumococcal infectionsPneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinePneumococcal vaccineProtective efficacyPneumococcal infectionCase patientsImmunocompetent patientsPolysaccharide vaccineVaccination historyHospital-based case-control studyPolyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccineSerious pneumococcal infectionsSite of hospitalizationVaccine protective efficacyPolyvalent pneumococcal vaccineCase-control studyProspective surveillanceRandomized trialsSterile sitesPatientsS. pneumoniaeMedical careStreptococcus pneumoniaeVaccineInfection
1989
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome) after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine
D'Cruz O, Shapiro E, Spiegelman K, Leicher C, Breningstall G, Khatri B, Dobyns W. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome) after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1989, 115: 743-746. PMID: 2809907, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80653-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchScience versus Opinion: A Response to Cunningham's Critique
Leventhal J, Shapiro E, Bauchner H. Science versus Opinion: A Response to Cunningham's Critique. Journal Of Human Lactation 1989, 5: 126-128. PMID: 2775462, DOI: 10.1177/089033448900500308.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersBlood cultures in the management of febrile outpatients later found to have bacteremia
Alario A, Nelson E, Shapiro E. Blood cultures in the management of febrile outpatients later found to have bacteremia. The Journal Of Pediatrics 1989, 115: 195-199. PMID: 2787855, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80064-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBlood culturesPositive blood culturesFebrile outpatientsHaemophilus influenzae type bSerious focal infectionsEpisodes of bacteremiaCases of meningitisInfluenzae type bPersistent bacteremiaPersistent symptomsFocal complicationsFocal infectionOutpatientsStreptococcus pneumoniaeBacteremiaNeisseria meningitidisType BComplicationsPatientsChildrenMeningitisSymptomsInfectionCliniciansPneumoniae