1999
Pneumococcal vaccines: history, current status, and future directions
Butler J, Shapiro E, Carlone G. Pneumococcal vaccines: history, current status, and future directions. The American Journal Of Medicine 1999, 107: 69-76. PMID: 10451012, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00105-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinePolysaccharide vaccinePneumococcal infectionCertain underlying medical conditionsSerious pneumococcal diseaseCommunity-acquired pneumoniaPneumococcal conjugate vaccineUnderlying medical conditionsAnti-pneumococcal antibodiesLarger efficacy trialPrevention of infectionDrug-resistant strainsImmunocompetent childrenPneumococcal diseasePneumococcal vaccineBacterial meningitisConjugate vaccineCase fatalityDNA vaccineInvasive infectionsPneumococcal polysaccharideEfficacy trialsImmune responseMedical conditionsHigh risk
1986
Does breast-feeding protect against infections in infants less than 3 months of age?
Leventhal J, Shapiro E, Aten C, Berg A, Egerter S. Does breast-feeding protect against infections in infants less than 3 months of age? Pediatrics 1986, 78: 896-903. PMID: 3093969, DOI: 10.1542/peds.78.5.896.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCase-control pairsSurveillance biasOdds ratioProtective effectYale-New Haven HospitalBreast-feeding protectsPotential surveillance biasTime of hospitalizationSeverity of illnessBreast-fed infantsCase-control studyApparent protective effectMonths of ageLogistic regression modelsDays of ageMild illnessInfectious illnessPotential confoundersHealthy childrenMedical conditionsStratified resultsSerious illnessInfantsIllnessInfection