2024
Prophylactic Transfusion Strategies in Children Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference
Nellis M, Moynihan K, Sloan S, Delaney M, Kneyber M, DiGeronimo R, Alexander P, Muszynski J, Gehred A, Lyman E, Karam O, in collaboration with the Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network A. Prophylactic Transfusion Strategies in Children Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2024, 25: e25-e34. PMID: 38959357, PMCID: PMC11216389, DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003493.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtracorporeal membrane oxygenationProphylactic transfusion strategyTransfusion strategyMembrane oxygenationProphylactic blood product transfusionsPediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenationConsensus statementPediatric ECMO patientsBlood product transfusionExpert consensus statementPractice statementsStandardized data extraction formProphylactic transfusionECMO patientsProduct transfusionModified Delphi consensusWeak recommendationConsensus conferenceRecommendations AssessmentData extraction formDelphi processStudy assessed useModified Delphi processLiterature searchDelphi consensusExecutive Summary: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) Consensus Conference*
Alexander P, Bembea M, Cashen K, Cheifetz I, Dalton H, Himebauch A, Karam O, Moynihan K, Nellis M, Ozment C, Raman L, Rintoul N, Said A, Saini A, Steiner M, Thiagarajan R, Watt K, Willems A, Zantek N, Barbaro R, Steffen K, Vogel A, Almond C, Anders M, Annich G, Brandão L, Chandler W, Delaney M, DiGeronimo R, Emani S, Gadepalli S, Garcia A, Haileselassie B, Hyslop R, Kneyber M, Kreuziger L, Le J, Loftis L, McMichael A, McMullan D, Monagle P, Nicol K, Paden M, Patregnani J, Priest J, Raffini L, Ryerson L, Sloan S, Teruya J, Yates A, Gehred A, Lyman E, Muszynski J, in collaboration with the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network T. Executive Summary: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) Consensus Conference*. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2024, 25: 643-675. PMID: 38959353, PMCID: PMC11216385, DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003480.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtracorporeal membrane oxygenationCritically ill childrenClinical managementClinical management of neonatesManaging extracorporeal membrane oxygenationConsensus statementExpert-based statementsIll childrenCochrane Library (CENTRALManagement of neonatesManagement of anticoagulationCochrane Library databasesExpert consensus statementSystematic reviewPractice statementsMembrane oxygenationNonprocedural bleedingClinical trialsLibrary databasesConsensus conferencePerioperative careRecommendations AssessmentAnticoagulationClinical careGeneral carePriorities for Clinical Research in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation From the Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference
Muszynski J, Bembea M, Gehred A, Lyman E, Cashen K, Cheifetz I, Dalton H, Himebauch A, Karam O, Moynihan K, Nellis M, Ozment C, Raman L, Rintoul N, Said A, Saini A, Steiner M, Thiagarajan R, Watt K, Willems A, Zantek N, Barbaro R, Steffen K, Vogel A, Alexander P, Alexander P, Bembea M, Cashen K, Cheifetz I, Dalton H, Himebauch A, Karam O, Moynihan K, Nellis M, Ozment C, Raman L, Rintoul N, Said A, Saini A, Steiner M, Thiagarajan R, Watt K, Willems A, Zantek N, Barbaro R, Steffen K, Vogel A, Almond C, Anders M, Annich G, Brandão L, Chandler W, Delaney M, DiGeronimo R, Emani S, Gadepalli S, Garcia A, Haileselassie B, Himebauch A, Hyslop R, Kneyber M, Kreuziger L, Le J, Loftis L, McMichael A, McMullan D, Monagle P, Nicol K, Paden M, Patregnani J, Priest J, Raffini L, Ryerson L, Sloan S, Teruya J, Yates A, Gehred A, Lyman E, Muszynski J. Priorities for Clinical Research in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation From the Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE Consensus Conference. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2024, 25: e78-e89. PMID: 38959362, PMCID: PMC11216398, DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003488.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtracorporeal membrane oxygenationCritically ill neonatesIll neonatesExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation anticoagulationManagement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenationConsensus conferenceSystematic reviewSystematic review of MEDLINECochrane Library databasesReview of MEDLINECare of neonatesMembrane oxygenationChild Health and Nutrition Research Initiative methodologyHemostasis managementLibrary databasesNeonatesConsensus statementClinical recommendationsAnticoagulationClinical careClinical researchEmbaseCochraneExpert panelPediatric
2023
Bleeding in Critically Ill Children With Malignancy or Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study
Levasseur J, Fikse L, Mauguen A, Killinger J, Karam O, Nellis M. Bleeding in Critically Ill Children With Malignancy or Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2023, 24: e602-e610. PMID: 37678406, PMCID: PMC10843653, DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003374.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProspective cohort studyBleeding episodesSevere bleedingIll childrenCohort studyCell transplantIncidence rateLaboratory valuesMinimal bleedingRadiation therapySingle-center prospective cohort studyAssociated Patient CharacteristicsHigher PICU mortalityNew bleeding episodesOnly laboratory valueHematopoietic cell transplantCritically Ill ChildrenLow platelet countSevere bleeding episodesStem cell transplantPatient demographic dataSpecialized cancer hospitalModerate bleeding episodesYears of ageLonger PICUThe Effects of Expectation Setting and Bundle Consent on Acute Caregiver Stress in the PICU: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Goldstein G, Karam O, Miller Ferguson N. The Effects of Expectation Setting and Bundle Consent on Acute Caregiver Stress in the PICU: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2023, 24: 692-700. PMID: 37125809, DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003265.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBundled consentSeverity of illnessParents' perceptionsParents/guardians of patientsParents' perceived severityNegative mental health consequencesMental health consequencesPercentage of parentsCaregiver stressPersonal vulnerabilityChild's illnessChild's admissionControl groupChild's conditionExperimental groupPatients admitted to PICUDemographic surveyHealth consequencesLife-threatening natureStress burdenExpectation settingDemographic variablesControl weekIllnessAdmitted to PICUFirst nosocomial infections in children supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO)
Cousin V, Rodriguez-Vigouroux R, Karam O, Rimensberger P, Posfay-Barbe K. First nosocomial infections in children supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). BMC Pediatrics 2023, 23: 89. PMID: 36823601, PMCID: PMC9948414, DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03908-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVA-ECMO supportPediatric intensive care unitMedian timeClinical signsMedian PICU LOSNosocomial infection occurrenceUrinary tract infectionVentilator-associated pneumoniaExtracorporeal membrane oxygenationIntensive care unitPaucity of dataPICU lengthPICU LOSRefractory shockVA-ECMOTract infectionsMedian ageMembrane oxygenationSternotomy infectionsCare unitRetrospective studySevere infectionsFirst infectionMortality rateInfection occurrence
2022
Executive Summary of Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children: From the Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative—Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB)
Nellis ME, Karam O, Valentine SL, Bateman ST, Remy KE, Lacroix J, Cholette JM, Bembea MM, Russell RT, Steiner ME, Goobie SM, Tucci M, Stricker PA, Stanworth SJ, Delaney M, Lieberman L, Muszynski JA, Bauer DF, Steffen K, Nishijima D, Ibla J, Emani S, Vogel AM, Haas T, Goel R, Crighton G, Delgado D, Demetres M, Parker RI, Network A. Executive Summary of Recommendations and Expert Consensus for Plasma and Platelet Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children: From the Transfusion and Anemia EXpertise Initiative—Control/Avoidance of Bleeding (TAXI-CAB). Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2022, 23: 34-51. PMID: 34989711, PMCID: PMC8820267, DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002851.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIll pediatric patientsPlatelet transfusionsPediatric patientsIll childrenAnemia EXpertise Initiative-Control/AvoidanceSystematic reviewExpert-based consensusMultidisciplinary international expertsPlatelet transfusion practicesGrading of RecommendationsRisk of bleedingAdministration of plasmaConsensus-based statementsCochrane Library databasesEvidence-based recommendationsBest practice statementsClinical decision treeSubject Headings termsCritical illnessIll infantsTransfusion practicePediatric intensivistsConsensus statementTransfusionLibrary databases
2021
Transfusion practices for pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: Data from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Goel R, Nellis ME, Karam O, Hanson SJ, Tormey CA, Patel RM, Birch R, Sachais BS, Sola‐Visner M, Hauser RG, Luban NLC, Gottschall J, Josephson CD, Hendrickson JE, Karafin MS, Study‐IV‐Pediatric F. Transfusion practices for pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: Data from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III). Transfusion 2021, 61: 2589-2600. PMID: 34455598, DOI: 10.1111/trf.16626.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInternational normalized ratioBlood Institute Recipient EpidemiologyDonor Evaluation Study-IIINational Heart LungTransfusion practicePediatric oncologyRecipient EpidemiologyHSCT patientsPlasma transfusionRed blood cellsPlatelet countHeart LungHematopoietic stem cell transplantation patientsHematopoietic stem cell transplant patientsMedian international normalized ratioStem cell transplant patientsStem cell transplantation patientsLower INR valuesPre-transfusion HbMedian platelet countMulticenter retrospective studyCell transplant patientsCell transplantation patientsStudy IIIAcute myeloid leukemiaTransfusion practices in a large cohort of hospitalized children
Nellis ME, Goel R, Hendrickson JE, Birch R, Patel RM, Karafin MS, Hanson SJ, Sachais BS, Hauser RG, Luban NLC, Gottschall J, Sola‐Visner M, Josephson CD, Karam O, Study‐IV‐Pediatric F. Transfusion practices in a large cohort of hospitalized children. Transfusion 2021, 61: 2042-2053. PMID: 33973660, DOI: 10.1111/trf.16443.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentBlood Component TransfusionBlood TransfusionChildChild, PreschoolDatasets as TopicDiagnosis-Related GroupsFemaleHospital MortalityHospitals, CommunityHospitals, TeachingHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInpatientsMaleProcedures and Techniques UtilizationRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesConceptsRBC transfusionCardiopulmonary bypassTransfusion practiceHospitalized childrenInpatient encountersBlood componentsLarge cohortHospital settingBlood Institute Recipient EpidemiologyDonor Evaluation Study-IIIPatient blood management initiativesDiagnostic categoriesFrequency of transfusionInstitutional transfusion guidelinesCohort of patientsInternational normalized ratioPercent of encountersNational Heart LungPediatric hospital settingYears of ageSubset of childrenRecipient EpidemiologyTransfusion guidelinesRed blood cellsEntire cohortTransfusion management for children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Karam O, Nellis ME. Transfusion management for children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Transfusion 2021, 61: 660-664. PMID: 33491189, DOI: 10.1111/trf.16272.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2020
Effect of platelet storage duration on clinical outcomes and incremental platelet change in critically ill children
Nellis ME, Spinella PC, Tucci M, Stanworth SJ, Steiner ME, Cushing MM, Davis PJ, Karam O, The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators network P. Effect of platelet storage duration on clinical outcomes and incremental platelet change in critically ill children. Transfusion 2020, 60: 2849-2858. PMID: 32959409, PMCID: PMC8396066, DOI: 10.1111/trf.16094.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClinical outcomesIll childrenPLT transfusionsObservational point prevalence studyPediatric intensive care unitStorage ageSafety of plateletsFurther prospective evaluationPoint prevalence studyIntensive care unitImmune system dysfunctionFebrile transfusion reactionsDays of ageScreening weekCare unitProspective evaluationSystem dysfunctionTransfusion reactionsPlatelet changesTransfusionPLT countTransfusion efficacyAge groupsSecondary analysisSignificant associationIndividual‐ and hospital‐level correlates of red blood cell, platelet, and plasma transfusions among hospitalized children and neonates: a nationally representative study in the United States
Goel R, Josephson CD, Patel EU, Petersen MR, Packman Z, Gehrie E, Bloch EM, Lokhandwala P, Ness PM, Katz L, Nellis M, Karam O, Tobian AAR. Individual‐ and hospital‐level correlates of red blood cell, platelet, and plasma transfusions among hospitalized children and neonates: a nationally representative study in the United States. Transfusion 2020, 60: 1700-1712. PMID: 32589286, PMCID: PMC7951993, DOI: 10.1111/trf.15855.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdjusted odds ratioRed blood cellsRBC transfusionPlatelet transfusionsPlasma transfusionAge groupsBlood cellsElective admission statusProportion of neonatesMultivariable logistic regressionOlder age groupsTotal hospitalizationsPrimary outcomeSecondary outcomesHospitalized neonatesNonwhite raceHospitalized childrenFemale sexOverall prevalenceOdds ratioHospital birthsPediatric dischargesTransfusion proceduresTransfusionHigh riskEpidemiology of Hemostatic Transfusions in Children Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.
Karam O, Goel R, Dalton H, Nellis ME. Epidemiology of Hemostatic Transfusions in Children Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Critical Care Medicine 2020, 48: e698-e705. PMID: 32697511, DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004417.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtracorporeal membrane oxygenationCollaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research NetworkChest tube outputMembrane oxygenationHemostatic transfusionsRBC transfusionTransfusion doseExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation daysLarge observational cohort studyEunice Kennedy Shriver National InstituteCritical Care Research NetworkTube outputPlatelet transfusion doseObservational cohort studyHuman Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research NetworkInternational normalized ratioTotal platelet countPartial thromboplastin timeAntithrombin levelsCohort studyConsecutive childrenTransfusion strategyChest tubePlatelet countHemostatic testingPleural Effusions After Congenital Cardiac Surgery Requiring Readmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Hughes A, Carter K, Cyrus J, Karam O. Pleural Effusions After Congenital Cardiac Surgery Requiring Readmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatric Cardiology 2020, 41: 1145-1152. PMID: 32424719, DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02365-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCongenital heart diseaseSingle-ventricle palliationPleural effusionRisk factorsPost-pericardiotomy syndromeImproved risk stratificationSingle ventricle physiologySubpopulation of patientsAdditional invasive proceduresRandom-effects modelFull-text articlesBiventricular physiologyHospital dischargeSurgical patientsCardiopulmonary bypassRisk stratificationPatient populationEarly recognitionHeart diseaseOverall prevalenceSurgical techniqueFallot patientsInvasive proceduresReadmissionPatientsPerioperative Transfusions and Venous Thromboembolism
Goel R, Josephson CD, Patel EU, Petersen MR, Makhani S, Frank SM, Ness PM, Bloch EM, Gehrie EA, Lokhandwala PM, Nellis MM, Karam O, Shaz BH, Patel RM, Tobian AAR. Perioperative Transfusions and Venous Thromboembolism. Pediatrics 2020, 145: e20192351. PMID: 32198293, PMCID: PMC7111487, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2351.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPerioperative RBC transfusionPostoperative venous thromboembolismNational Surgical Quality Improvement ProjectVenous thromboembolismRBC transfusionRed blood cellsSurgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement ProjectDevelopment of VTESurgical Quality Improvement ProjectDay of surgeryMultivariable logistic regressionQuality improvement projectDose-dependent mannerPerioperative transfusionPostoperative transfusionTransfusion statusThird tertilePediatric patientsPostoperative developmentSecond tertileAnnual incidenceProspective studyTransfusion decisionsHospitalized childrenBody of evidencePediatric Plasma and Platelet Transfusions on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Subgroup Analysis of Two Large International Point-Prevalence Studies and the Role of Local Guidelines.
Nellis ME, Saini A, Spinella PC, Davis PJ, Steiner ME, Tucci M, Cushing M, Demaret P, Stanworth SJ, Leteurtre S, Karam O. Pediatric Plasma and Platelet Transfusions on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Subgroup Analysis of Two Large International Point-Prevalence Studies and the Role of Local Guidelines. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2020, 21: 267-275. PMID: 31644453, PMCID: PMC7060816, DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002160.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentBlood TransfusionChildChild, PreschoolExtracorporeal Membrane OxygenationFemaleHemorrhageHumansInfantInfant, NewbornIntensive Care Units, PediatricInternational Normalized RatioMalePlasmaPlatelet CountPlatelet TransfusionPractice Guidelines as TopicProspective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesConceptsExtracorporeal membrane oxygenationMembrane oxygenationPlatelet transfusionsTotal platelet countPlasma transfusionPlatelet countSubgroup analysisInstitutional protocolMedian increaseInternational point prevalence studyPediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenationTotal median doseInternational normalized ratioML/Point prevalence studyPlatelet count valuesScreening weekMedian doseMild coagulopathyNormalized ratioInterventional studyLocal guidelinesObservational studyMedian reductionTransfusionExecutive summary: surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children
Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, Agus MSD, Flori HR, Inwald DP, Nadel S, Schlapbach LJ, Tasker RC, Argent AC, Brierley J, Carcillo J, Carrol ED, Carroll CL, Cheifetz IM, Choong K, Cies JJ, Cruz AT, De Luca D, Deep A, Faust SN, De Oliveira CF, Hall MW, Ishimine P, Javouhey E, Joosten KFM, Joshi P, Karam O, Kneyber MCJ, Lemson J, MacLaren G, Mehta NM, Møller MH, Newth CJL, Nguyen TC, Nishisaki A, Nunnally ME, Parker MM, Paul RM, Randolph AG, Ranjit S, Romer LH, Scott HF, Tume LN, Verger JT, Williams EA, Wolf J, Wong HR, Zimmerman JJ, Kissoon N, Tissieres P. Executive summary: surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children. Intensive Care Medicine 2020, 46: 1-9. PMID: 32030528, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05877-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSurviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children
Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, Agus MSD, Flori HR, Inwald DP, Nadel S, Schlapbach LJ, Tasker RC, Argent AC, Brierley J, Carcillo J, Carrol ED, Carroll CL, Cheifetz IM, Choong K, Cies JJ, Cruz AT, De Luca D, Deep A, Faust SN, De Oliveira CF, Hall MW, Ishimine P, Javouhey E, Joosten KFM, Joshi P, Karam O, Kneyber MCJ, Lemson J, MacLaren G, Mehta NM, Møller MH, Newth CJL, Nguyen TC, Nishisaki A, Nunnally ME, Parker MM, Paul RM, Randolph AG, Ranjit S, Romer LH, Scott HF, Tume LN, Verger JT, Williams EA, Wolf J, Wong HR, Zimmerman JJ, Kissoon N, Tissieres P. Surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children. Intensive Care Medicine 2020, 46: 10-67. PMID: 32030529, PMCID: PMC7095013, DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05878-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSepsis-associated organ dysfunctionOrgan dysfunctionSeptic shockBest practice statementsWeak recommendationKey international meetingsStand-alone meetingManagement of childrenManagement of infectionsQuality of evidenceEvidence-based recommendationsResuscitation of childrenGuideline development processMethodsThe panelInternational expertsRecommendations AssessmentAdjunctive therapyPractice patternsMetabolic therapyConsistent careLarge cohortPanel membersResearch prioritiesInternational guidelinesSystematic reviewExecutive Summary: Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis-Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children.
Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, Agus MSD, Flori HR, Inwald DP, Nadel S, Schlapbach LJ, Tasker RC, Argent AC, Brierley J, Carcillo J, Carrol ED, Carroll CL, Cheifetz IM, Choong K, Cies JJ, Cruz AT, De Luca D, Deep A, Faust SN, De Oliveira CF, Hall MW, Ishimine P, Javouhey E, Joosten KFM, Joshi P, Karam O, Kneyber MCJ, Lemson J, MacLaren G, Mehta NM, Møller MH, Newth CJL, Nguyen TC, Nishisaki A, Nunnally ME, Parker MM, Paul RM, Randolph AG, Ranjit S, Romer LH, Scott HF, Tume LN, Verger JT, Williams EA, Wolf J, Wong HR, Zimmerman JJ, Kissoon N, Tissieres P. Executive Summary: Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis-Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2020, 21: 186-195. PMID: 32032264, DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002197.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSurviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis-Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children.
Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, Agus MSD, Flori HR, Inwald DP, Nadel S, Schlapbach LJ, Tasker RC, Argent AC, Brierley J, Carcillo J, Carrol ED, Carroll CL, Cheifetz IM, Choong K, Cies JJ, Cruz AT, De Luca D, Deep A, Faust SN, De Oliveira CF, Hall MW, Ishimine P, Javouhey E, Joosten KFM, Joshi P, Karam O, Kneyber MCJ, Lemson J, MacLaren G, Mehta NM, Møller MH, Newth CJL, Nguyen TC, Nishisaki A, Nunnally ME, Parker MM, Paul RM, Randolph AG, Ranjit S, Romer LH, Scott HF, Tume LN, Verger JT, Williams EA, Wolf J, Wong HR, Zimmerman JJ, Kissoon N, Tissieres P. Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis-Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2020, 21: e52-e106. PMID: 32032273, DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002198.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSepsis-associated organ dysfunctionOrgan dysfunctionSeptic shockBest practice statementsWeak recommendationKey international meetingsStand-alone meetingManagement of childrenQuality of evidenceManagement of infectionsEvidence-based recommendationsGuideline development processResuscitation of childrenInternational expertsRecommendations AssessmentAdjunctive therapyMetabolic therapyPractice patternsConsistent careLarge cohortPanel membersResearch prioritiesSystematic reviewInternational guidelinesDysfunction