Chemokines and activated macrophages in HIV gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis
Kaul M, Lipton S. Chemokines and activated macrophages in HIV gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1999, 96: 8212-8216. PMID: 10393974, PMCID: PMC22214, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8212.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAIDS Dementia ComplexAnimalsApoptosisCells, CulturedCerebral CortexChemokine CCL4Chemokine CCL5Chemokine CXCL12ChemokinesCytokinesEmbryo, MammalianHIV Envelope Protein gp120HIV-1HumansImmunoglobulin FragmentsMacrophage ActivationMacrophage Inflammatory ProteinsMacrophagesNeurogliaNeuronsOligopeptidesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRecombinant ProteinsT-LymphocytesConceptsMacrophages/microgliaNeuronal apoptosisChemokine receptorsSDF-1Brain macrophages/microgliaStromal cell-derived factorRat cerebrocortical culturesBeta-chemokines RANTESCell-derived factorNeurotoxic factorsP38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathwayProportion of cellsInflammatory proteinP38 mitogen-activated protein kinaseGp120SF2Cerebrocortical culturesReceptor CXCR4MicrogliaHuman neuronsHIV gp120CXCR4 receptorMitogen-activated protein kinase pathwayMitogen-activated protein kinaseNeuronsGp120Ratio of S-nitrosohomocyst(e)ine to homocyst(e)ine or other thiols determines neurotoxicity in rat cerebrocortical cultures
D'Emilia D, Lipton S. Ratio of S-nitrosohomocyst(e)ine to homocyst(e)ine or other thiols determines neurotoxicity in rat cerebrocortical cultures. Neuroscience Letters 1999, 265: 103-106. PMID: 10327179, DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00210-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsN-methyl-D-aspartate agonistRat cerebrocortical culturesS-nitrosocysteineS-nitrosohomocysteineNeuronal degenerationCerebrocortical culturesS-nitrosothiolsSubsequent neurotoxicityAcute exposureDetermine outcomeNitric oxideForm peroxynitriteNeurotoxicityS-nitrosylationEndogenous O2S-nitrosoproteinsAgonists