Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in the Urine of COVID-19 Patients
George S, Pal AC, Gagnon J, Timalsina S, Singh P, Vydyam P, Munshi M, Chiu JE, Renard I, Harden CA, Ott IM, Watkins AE, Vogels CBF, Lu P, Tokuyama M, Venkataraman A, Casanovas-Massana A, Wyllie AL, Rao V, Campbell M, Farhadian SF, Grubaugh ND, Dela Cruz CS, Ko AI, Perez A, Akaho EH, Moledina DG, Testani J, John AR, Ledizet M, Mamoun CB, Team A. Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in the Urine of COVID-19 Patients. Kidney360 2021, 2: 924-936. PMID: 35373072, PMCID: PMC8791366, DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002172021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 spike proteinSARS-CoV-2Spike proteinUrine samplesSARS-CoV-2 infectionYale-New Haven HospitalCOVID-19 patientsAntigen capture assayDetectable viral RNANew Haven HospitalPositive PCR resultsPossible long-term consequencesSpike S1 proteinNP PCRChildren's HospitalNasopharyngeal swabsSARS-CoV-2 spike S1 proteinRenal abnormalitiesLong-term effectsCystatin CLong-term consequencesHospitalUrineViral RNAAlbuminuriaNeuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain
Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B, Lu-Culligan A, Prado AV, Skriabine S, Lu P, Weizman OE, Liu F, Dai Y, Szigeti-Buck K, Yasumoto Y, Wang G, Castaldi C, Heltke J, Ng E, Wheeler J, Alfajaro MM, Levavasseur E, Fontes B, Ravindra NG, Van Dijk D, Mane S, Gunel M, Ring A, Kazmi SAJ, Zhang K, Wilen CB, Horvath TL, Plu I, Haik S, Thomas JL, Louvi A, Farhadian SF, Huttner A, Seilhean D, Renier N, Bilguvar K, Iwasaki A. Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2021, 218: e20202135. PMID: 33433624, PMCID: PMC7808299, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202135.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2Central nervous systemSARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasionImmune cell infiltratesCOVID-19 patientsType I interferon responseMultiple organ systemsCOVID-19I interferon responseHuman brain organoidsNeuroinvasive capacityCNS infectionsCell infiltrateNeuronal infectionPathological featuresCortical neuronsRespiratory diseaseDirect infectionCerebrospinal fluidNervous systemMouse brainInterferon responseOrgan systemsHuman ACE2Infection