Featured Publications
A lung targeted miR-29 mimic as a therapy for pulmonary fibrosis
Chioccioli M, Roy S, Newell R, Pestano L, Dickinson B, Rigby K, Herazo-Maya J, Jenkins G, Ian S, Saini G, Johnson SR, Braybrooke R, Yu G, Sauler M, Ahangari F, Ding S, DeIuliis J, Aurelien N, Montgomery RL, Kaminski N. A lung targeted miR-29 mimic as a therapy for pulmonary fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2022, 85: 104304. PMID: 36265417, PMCID: PMC9587275, DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104304.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisNon-human primatesPulmonary fibrosisAnimal modelsPro-fibrotic genesAnti-fibrotic efficacyMiR-29 mimicsHuman peripheral bloodMiR-29b levelsHuman lung fibroblastsIPF patientsIPF diagnosisPeripheral bloodReduced fibrosisAdverse findingsPotential therapyLung slicesTGF-β1Relevant dosesLung fibroblastsNIH-NHLBIFibrosisTherapyCollagen productionProfibrotic gene programmicroRNA-33 deficiency in macrophages enhances autophagy, improves mitochondrial homeostasis, and protects against lung fibrosis
Ahangari F, Price N, Malik S, Chioccioli M, Bärnthaler T, Adams T, Kim J, Pradeep S, Ding S, Cosme C, Rose K, McDonough J, Aurelien N, Ibarra G, Omote N, Schupp J, DeIuliis G, Nunez J, Sharma L, Ryu C, Dela Cruz C, Liu X, Prasse A, Rosas I, Bahal R, Fernandez-Hernando C, Kaminski N. microRNA-33 deficiency in macrophages enhances autophagy, improves mitochondrial homeostasis, and protects against lung fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023, 8: e158100. PMID: 36626225, PMCID: PMC9977502, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158100.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisPulmonary fibrosisMiR-33MiR-33 levelsSpecific genetic ablationBronchoalveolar lavage cellsNovel therapeutic approachesMitochondrial homeostasisFatty acid metabolismMacrophages protectsBleomycin injuryLavage cellsLung fibrosisHealthy controlsInflammatory responseTherapeutic approachesImmunometabolic responsesCholesterol effluxFibrosisFatal diseasePharmacological inhibitionSterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) genesGenetic ablationMacrophagesEx vivo mouseSingle-cell RNA-seq reveals ectopic and aberrant lung-resident cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Adams TS, Schupp JC, Poli S, Ayaub EA, Neumark N, Ahangari F, Chu SG, Raby BA, DeIuliis G, Januszyk M, Duan Q, Arnett HA, Siddiqui A, Washko GR, Homer R, Yan X, Rosas IO, Kaminski N. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals ectopic and aberrant lung-resident cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Science Advances 2020, 6: eaba1983. PMID: 32832599, PMCID: PMC7439502, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1983.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisVascular endothelial cellsIPF lungsPulmonary fibrosisChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lungsFatal interstitial lung diseaseEndothelial cellsInterstitial lung diseaseCell populationsIPF myofibroblastsMyofibroblast fociNonsmoker controlsLung diseaseCOPD lungsBasaloid cellsSingle-cell atlasInvasive fibroblastsMacrophage populationsLungStromal cellsEpithelial cellsFibrosisCellular populationsDevelopmental markersSingle-cell RNA-seqSingle-Cell Analysis Reveals Novel Immune Perturbations in Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.
Zhao A, Unterman A, Abu Hussein N, Sharma P, Nikola F, Flint J, Yan X, Adams T, Justet A, Sumida T, Zhao J, Schupp J, Raredon M, Ahangari F, Deluliis G, Zhang Y, Buendia-Roldan I, Adegunsoye A, Sperling A, Prasse A, Ryu C, Herzog E, Selman M, Pardo A, Kaminski N. Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Novel Immune Perturbations in Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2024, 210: 1252-1266. PMID: 38924775, PMCID: PMC11568434, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202401-0078oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitisIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsBronchoalveolar lavage cellsBlood mononuclear cellsClassical monocytesHypersensitivity pneumonitisPulmonary fibrosisT cellsImmune perturbationsLavage cellsMononuclear cellsCD8+ T cellsCytotoxic T cellsInterstitial lung diseaseHypersensitivity pneumonitis patientsCytotoxic CD4Immune aberrationsPneumonic patientsPneumonitisLung diseaseHealthy controlsImmune mechanismsPatient cellsSingle-cell transcriptomicsMMP1 and MMP7 as Potential Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Rosas IO, Richards TJ, Konishi K, Zhang Y, Gibson K, Lokshin AE, Lindell KO, Cisneros J, MacDonald SD, Pardo A, Sciurba F, Dauber J, Selman M, Gochuico BR, Kaminski N. MMP1 and MMP7 as Potential Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLOS Medicine 2008, 5: e93. PMID: 18447576, PMCID: PMC2346504, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050093.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisInterstitial lung diseaseSubclinical interstitial lung diseasePulmonary fibrosisLung diseaseIPF patientsChronic progressive fibrotic lung diseaseControl individualsAsymptomatic interstitial lung diseaseProgressive fibrotic lung diseaseChronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePotential peripheral blood biomarkerChronic hypersensitivity pneumonitisPeripheral blood biomarkersChronic lung diseaseObstructive pulmonary diseaseFibrotic lung diseaseBronchoalveolar lavage fluidIndependent validation cohortFamilial pulmonary fibrosisProtein signaturesPulmonary diseaseSubstantial morbidityHypersensitivity pneumonitisLavage fluidInhibition and Role of let-7d in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pandit KV, Corcoran D, Yousef H, Yarlagadda M, Tzouvelekis A, Gibson KF, Konishi K, Yousem SA, Singh M, Handley D, Richards T, Selman M, Watkins SC, Pardo A, Ben-Yehudah A, Bouros D, Eickelberg O, Ray P, Benos PV, Kaminski N. Inhibition and Role of let-7d in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2010, 182: 220-229. PMID: 20395557, PMCID: PMC2913236, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200911-1698oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsActinsAnimalsCadherinsCells, CulturedDown-RegulationEpithelial CellsHMGA2 ProteinHumansIdiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisIn Situ HybridizationLungMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicroRNAsPolymerase Chain ReactionPulmonary AlveoliS100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4S100 ProteinsSmad3 ProteinTransforming Growth Factor betaVimentinConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisReal-time polymerase chain reactionQuantitative real-time polymerase chain reactionAlveolar epithelial cellsIPF lungsPulmonary fibrosisPolymerase chain reactionLet-7dEpithelial cellsLethal fibrotic lung diseaseAlpha-smooth muscle actinAlveolar septal thickeningMesenchymal markers N-cadherinFibrotic lung diseaseChain reactionLet-7d expressionSeptal thickeningPulmonary functionLung diseaseLung fibrosisEpithelial cell lineIntratracheal administrationIPF tissueProfibrotic effectsClinical trials
2024
Toll-like Receptor 9 Inhibition Mitigates Fibroproliferative Responses in Translational Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Trujillo G, Regueiro-Ren A, Liu C, Hu B, Sun Y, Ahangari F, Fiorini V, Ishikawa G, Al Jumaily K, Khoury J, McGovern J, Lee C, Peng X, Pivarnik T, Sun H, Walia A, Woo S, Yu S, Antin-Ozerkis D, Sauler M, Kaminski N, Herzog E, Ryu C. Toll-like Receptor 9 Inhibition Mitigates Fibroproliferative Responses in Translational Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2024 PMID: 39189851, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202401-0065oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchToll-like receptor 9Model of pulmonary fibrosisIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisPulmonary fibrosisFibroproliferative responseLung diseaseIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cohortsExpression of toll-like receptor 9Toll-like receptor 9 activationTransplant-free survivalExpression of MCP-1Cohort of patientsSlow clinical progressionFibrotic lung diseaseAccelerated disease courseFatal lung diseaseIP-10Pharmacodynamic endpointsPreclinical modelsDisease courseClinical progressionPlasma mtDNAMCP-1Receptor 9Mouse modelSingle-Cell Profiling Reveals Immune Aberrations in Progressive Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Unterman A, Zhao A, Neumark N, Schupp J, Ahangari F, Cosme C, Sharma P, Flint J, Stein Y, Ryu C, Ishikawa G, Sumida T, Gomez J, Herazo-Maya J, Dela Cruz C, Herzog E, Kaminski N. Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Immune Aberrations in Progressive Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2024, 210: 484-496. PMID: 38717443, PMCID: PMC11351796, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-0979oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchStable idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsProgressive idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisPeripheral immune systemT cellsPulmonary fibrosisCohort of IPF patientsAssociated with decreased survivalIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patientsPeripheral blood mononuclear cell samplesPeripheral blood cell populationsImmune systemFraction of TregsRegulatory T cellsBlood mononuclear cellsBlood cell populationsFlow cytometry analysisImmune aberrationsIPF patientsTregsMononuclear cellsSingle-cell RNA sequencingLung homogenatesMonocyte chemoattractantNoninvasive assessment of the lung inflammation-fibrosis axis by targeted imaging of CMKLR1
Mannes P, Adams T, Farsijani S, Barnes C, Latoche J, Day K, Nedrow J, Ahangari F, Kaminski N, Lee J, Tavakoli S. Noninvasive assessment of the lung inflammation-fibrosis axis by targeted imaging of CMKLR1. Science Advances 2024, 10: eadm9817. PMID: 38896611, PMCID: PMC11186491, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9817.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisFibrotic lung diseaseRisk stratificationMurine modelLung fibrosisLung diseaseModel of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosisBleomycin-induced lung fibrosisImaging biomarkersMurine model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosisBronchoalveolar lavage cellsMonocyte-derived macrophagesPositron emission tomographyInflammatory endotypesPulmonary fibrosisLavage cellsPoor survivalNoninvasive assessmentTherapeutic monitoringEmission tomographyCMKLR1FibrosisClinical trajectoryLungLung regionsSingle-cell RNA-seq analysis of cell-cell communications in human lung reveals a novel role of VEGF-D in acute lung injury
Yuan Y, Sharma L, Tang W, Raredon M, Ahangari F, Khoury J, Wu D, Niklason L, Kaminski N. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of cell-cell communications in human lung reveals a novel role of VEGF-D in acute lung injury. Physiology 2024, 39: 1314. DOI: 10.1152/physiol.2024.39.s1.1314.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisAcute lung injuryChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAcute respiratory distress syndromeAnalysis of cell-cell communicationVEGF-DMicrovascular nicheSingle-cell RNA-seqLung injury modelSingle-cell RNA-seq analysisLung injuryCell-cell communicationLigand-receptor pairsLPS-induced lung injury modelRNA-seqAdjacent cell typesPulmonary diseaseInjury modelHuman lung endothelial cellsBarrier functionImmune cell infiltrationTumor necrosis factor-aRespiratory distress syndromeLung vascular integrityGene expressionA Monocyte-specific Gene-signature Predicts Outcomes in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Is Reproducible in Peripheral Blood, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, and Lung Tissue
Karampitsakos T, Tourki B, Juan-Guardela B, Perrot C, Marlin K, Arsenault A, Binder H, Wuyts W, Rottoli P, Prasse A, Tzouvelekis A, Restrepo Jaramillo R, Qureshi M, Patel K, Bandyopadhyay D, Kaminski N, Herazo-Maya J. A Monocyte-specific Gene-signature Predicts Outcomes in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Is Reproducible in Peripheral Blood, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, and Lung Tissue. 2024, a2860-a2860. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2024.209.1_meetingabstracts.a2860.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisBronchoalveolar lavagePeripheral bloodPulmonary fibrosisGene signatureLung tissueBronchoalveolarLavageFibrosis
2023
Somatic Mutations: The Next Frontier in Demystifying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Yan X, Kaminski N. Somatic Mutations: The Next Frontier in Demystifying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2023, 208: 1150-1151. PMID: 37856835, PMCID: PMC10868359, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202310-1774ed.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSRC and TKS5 mediated podosome formation in fibroblasts promotes extracellular matrix invasion and pulmonary fibrosis
Barbayianni I, Kanellopoulou P, Fanidis D, Nastos D, Ntouskou E, Galaris A, Harokopos V, Hatzis P, Tsitoura E, Homer R, Kaminski N, Antoniou K, Crestani B, Tzouvelekis A, Aidinis V. SRC and TKS5 mediated podosome formation in fibroblasts promotes extracellular matrix invasion and pulmonary fibrosis. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 5882. PMID: 37735172, PMCID: PMC10514346, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41614-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPulmonary fibrosisExtracellular matrix invasionLung fibroblastsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patientsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisPulmonary fibrosis patientsMatrix invasionPromising therapeutic optionProfibrotic milieuTherapeutic optionsLung tissuePathogenic hallmarkPharmacological targetingFibrosisFibrosis patientsIncurable diseaseEx vivoBleomycinExtracellular matrix componentsTks5 expressionAberrant depositionInvasionMiceFibroblastsSrc kinaseA statistical framework to identify cell types whose genetically regulated proportions are associated with complex diseases
Liu W, Deng W, Chen M, Dong Z, Zhu B, Yu Z, Tang D, Sauler M, Lin C, Wain L, Cho M, Kaminski N, Zhao H. A statistical framework to identify cell types whose genetically regulated proportions are associated with complex diseases. PLOS Genetics 2023, 19: e1010825. PMID: 37523391, PMCID: PMC10414598, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010825.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCell typesDisease-associated tissuesWide association studyComplex diseasesCell type proportionsDisease-relevant tissuesReal GWAS dataFunctional genesTranscriptomic dataGWAS dataGenetic dataAssociation studiesNovel statistical frameworkChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseStatistical frameworkObstructive pulmonary diseaseIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisBreast cancer riskType proportionsBlood CD8Pulmonary diseasePulmonary fibrosisPredictive biomarkersLung tissueBreast cancerVISTA (PD-1H) Is a Crucial Immune Regulator to Limit Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Kim S, Adams T, Hu Q, Shin H, Chae G, Lee S, Sharma L, Kwon H, Lee F, Park H, Huh W, Manning E, Kaminski N, Sauler M, Chen L, Song J, Kim T, Kang M. VISTA (PD-1H) Is a Crucial Immune Regulator to Limit Pulmonary Fibrosis. American Journal Of Respiratory Cell And Molecular Biology 2023, 69: 22-33. PMID: 36450109, PMCID: PMC10324045, DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0219oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisPulmonary fibrosisImmune regulatorsTherapeutic potentialHuman idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisCrucial immune regulatorsNovel immune regulatorPulmonary fibrosis micePulmonary fibrosis modelNovel therapeutic targetRole of VISTAWild-type littermatesMonocyte-derived macrophagesT lymphocyte lineageVISTA expressionIPF treatmentAntibody treatmentImmune landscapeFibrotic mediatorsLung fibrosisFibrosis miceInflammatory responseFibrosis modelMyeloid populationsTherapeutic targetVascular-Parenchymal Cross-Talk Promotes Lung Fibrosis through BMPR2 Signaling.
Yanagihara T, Tsubouchi K, Zhou Q, Chong M, Otsubo K, Isshiki T, Schupp J, Sato S, Scallan C, Upagupta C, Revill S, Ayoub A, Chong S, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Kaminski N, Tikkanen J, Keshavjee S, Paré G, Guignabert C, Ask K, Kolb M. Vascular-Parenchymal Cross-Talk Promotes Lung Fibrosis through BMPR2 Signaling. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2023, 207: 1498-1514. PMID: 36917778, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2174oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisVascular smooth muscle cellsAdvanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisPulmonary hypertensionFibrotic lungsVascular remodelingEndothelial cellsPulmonary fibrosisLung diseaseLung fibrosisDevelopment of PHConcomitant pulmonary hypertensionProgressive lung scarringPulmonary vascular remodelingFibrotic lung diseaseProgression of fibrosisActivation of VSMCsActive TGF-β1Fatal lung diseaseSmooth muscle cellsWhole-exome sequencingLung scarringEndothelial dysfunctionPoor prognosisFibrogenic effectsPCSK6 and Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Oldham J, Allen R, Lorenzo-Salazar J, Molyneaux P, Ma S, Joseph C, Kim J, Guillen-Guio B, Hernández-Beeftink T, Kropski J, Huang Y, Lee C, Adegunsoye A, Pugashetti J, Linderholm A, Vo V, Strek M, Jou J, Muñoz-Barrera A, Rubio-Rodriguez L, Hubbard R, Hirani N, Whyte M, Hart S, Nicholson A, Lancaster L, Parfrey H, Rassl D, Wallace W, Valenzi E, Zhang Y, Mychaleckyj J, Stockwell A, Kaminski N, Wolters P, Molina-Molina M, Banovich N, Fahy W, Martinez F, Hall I, Tobin M, Maher T, Blackwell T, Yaspan B, Jenkins R, Flores C, Wain L, Noth I. PCSK6 and Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2023, 207: 1515-1524. PMID: 36780644, PMCID: PMC10263132, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202205-0845oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGenome-wide significanceTransplantation-free survivalIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisStage IIPF survivalDownstream analysisPulmonary fibrosisIPF progressionWide association studyPeripheral blood gene expressionProportional hazards regressionStage II casesLimited treatment optionsStage I casesBlood gene expressionGene expressionAssociation studiesMolecular determinantsHazards regressionTreatment optionsPlasma concentrationsLung parenchymaConsistent effect directionMolecular driversProteinThe Therapeutic Gap in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Insights From Single Cell Transcriptional Profiling
Mckenna N, Ochsner S, Moss B, Cala Garcia J, Cardenas Castillo R, Poli F, Poli De Frias S, Tsoyi K, Polverino F, Koenigshoff M, Kaminski N, Coarfa C, Rosas I. The Therapeutic Gap in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Insights From Single Cell Transcriptional Profiling. 2023, a2235-a2235. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a2235.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2022
Saracatinib, a Selective Src Kinase Inhibitor, Blocks Fibrotic Responses in Preclinical Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Ahangari F, Becker C, Foster DG, Chioccioli M, Nelson M, Beke K, Wang X, Justet A, Adams T, Readhead B, Meador C, Correll K, Lili LN, Roybal HM, Rose KA, Ding S, Barnthaler T, Briones N, DeIuliis G, Schupp JC, Li Q, Omote N, Aschner Y, Sharma L, Kopf KW, Magnusson B, Hicks R, Backmark A, Dela Cruz CS, Rosas I, Cousens LP, Dudley JT, Kaminski N, Downey GP. Saracatinib, a Selective Src Kinase Inhibitor, Blocks Fibrotic Responses in Preclinical Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2022, 206: 1463-1479. PMID: 35998281, PMCID: PMC9757097, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202010-3832oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisHuman precision-cut lung slicesPrecision-cut lung slicesPulmonary fibrosisNormal human lung fibroblastsEpithelial-mesenchymal transitionHuman lung fibroblastsFibrogenic pathwaysPreclinical modelsMurine modelLung slicesSrc kinase inhibitorLung fibroblastsKinase inhibitorsAmelioration of fibrosisSelective Src kinase inhibitorHuman lung fibrosisWhole lung extractsPotential therapeutic efficacyIPF diseaseIPF treatmentLung functionInflammatory cascadeLung fibrosisAntifibrotic efficacyAirway basal cells show a dedifferentiated KRT17highPhenotype and promote fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Jaeger B, Schupp JC, Plappert L, Terwolbeck O, Artysh N, Kayser G, Engelhard P, Adams TS, Zweigerdt R, Kempf H, Lienenklaus S, Garrels W, Nazarenko I, Jonigk D, Wygrecka M, Klatt D, Schambach A, Kaminski N, Prasse A. Airway basal cells show a dedifferentiated KRT17highPhenotype and promote fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Nature Communications 2022, 13: 5637. PMID: 36163190, PMCID: PMC9513076, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33193-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisAirway basal cellsPulmonary fibrosisNovel mouse xenograft modelEffect of saracatinibBasal cellsLimited treatment optionsMouse xenograft modelLung developmental processesConnectivity Map analysisExtracellular matrix depositionIPF lungsBronchial brushSevere fibrosisTreatment optionsBronchial brushingsNRG miceHealthy volunteersXenograft modelCyst-like structuresProfibrotic changesAlveolar compartmentFatal diseaseFibrosisPotent Src inhibitor