Bile reflux and hypopharyngeal cancer
Vageli DP, Doukas SG, Doukas PG, Judson BL. Bile reflux and hypopharyngeal cancer. Oncology Reports 2021, 46: 244. PMID: 34558652, PMCID: PMC8485019, DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8195.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypopharyngeal cancerAcidic bileHypopharyngeal carcinogenesisBile refluxRisk factorsGastroesophageal reflux diseaseIndependent risk factorSquamous cell cancerUpper aerodigestive tractElevated p53 expressionAnti-apoptotic effectsReflux diseaseLaryngopharyngeal refluxAerodigestive tractCell cancerGastroesophageal refluxateContribution of STAT3Neck cancerPrecancerous lesionsPremalignant changesNeoplastic changesNF-κBDNA damageP53 expressionBile acids