2024
Manifestations of human atherosclerosis across vascular beds
Jovin D, Sumpio B, Greif D. Manifestations of human atherosclerosis across vascular beds. JVS-Vascular Insights 2024, 2: 100089. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsvi.2024.100089.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchVascular bedClinical managementCarotid arteryCommon risk factorsPeripheral arterial diseaseManagement of carotidClinical management of atherosclerosisEtiology of mortalityIntervention outcomesModel of atherogenesisPathology of atherosclerotic lesionsMedical therapyMeta-analysesTreatment responseFibrotic componentManagement of atherosclerosisLower extremitiesMale sexClinical studiesArtery diseaseMetabolic factorsPeripheral atherosclerosisRisk factorsIndividual patientsVascular territories
2022
Prevalence and Characteristics of Patients with Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome in a Cohort Diagnosed with Celiac Artery Compression.
Kozhimala M, Chan S, Weininger G, Sumpio B, Levine L, Harris S, Zheng S, Longo W, Ochoa Chaar C, Guzman R, Sumpio B. Prevalence and Characteristics of Patients with Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome in a Cohort Diagnosed with Celiac Artery Compression. Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons 2022, 236: 1085-1091. PMID: 36476640, DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000500.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedian arcuate ligament syndromeCeliac artery compressionArcuate ligament syndromeCharacteristics of patientsMALS patientsArtery compressionArtery diseaseRenal diseaseMesenteric artery diseasePeripheral arterial diseasePeripheral artery diseaseRetrospective chart reviewCohort of patientsMedical record reviewFrequent differential diagnosisSignificant differencesAbdominal symptomsAtherosclerotic characteristicsEpigastric painGastrointestinal comorbiditiesChart reviewArterial diseaseAtherosclerotic diseaseRecord reviewClinical symptoms
2020
The Role of Lower Extremity Amputation in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Kim TI, Mena C, Sumpio BE. The Role of Lower Extremity Amputation in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. International Journal Of Angiology 2020, 29: 149-155. PMID: 32904807, PMCID: PMC7458760, DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710075.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChronic limb-threatening ischemiaImproved limb salvage ratesChronic limb threatening ischemiaRole of amputationLimb salvage rateLimb threatening ischemiaLimb-threatening ischemiaPeripheral artery diseaseLower Extremity AmputationMajor amputationPrimary amputationArtery diseaseLimb salvageSalvage rateExtremity amputationImproved careLimb lossSevere formMultidisciplinary teamAmputationRevascularizationIschemiaPatientsHigh rateSalvage
2019
Higher Inpatient Mortality for Women after Intervention for Lifestyle Limiting Claudication
Miller SM, Sumpio BJ, Miller MS, Erben Y, Cordova AC, Sumpio BE. Higher Inpatient Mortality for Women after Intervention for Lifestyle Limiting Claudication. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 2019, 58: 54-62. PMID: 30910650, DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.01.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAge FactorsAgedComorbidityCritical IllnessDatabases, FactualEndovascular ProceduresFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHospital MortalityHumansIntermittent ClaudicationIschemiaMalePatient AdmissionPeripheral Arterial DiseaseRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSex FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesVascular Surgical ProceduresConceptsLifestyle-limiting claudicationHigher inpatient mortalityCritical limb ischemiaPeripheral artery diseaseInpatient mortalitySex-related differencesVascular interventionsEV interventionsArtery diseaseChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseRegression analysisChronic renal failureObstructive pulmonary diseaseOpen surgical repairCoronary artery diseaseNationwide Inpatient SampleLogistic regression analysisChi-squared testLimb ischemiaRenal failureIndependent predictorsOpen repairPulmonary diseaseSurgical repairTreatment guidelines
2018
Radiotracer Imaging Allows for Noninvasive Detection and Quantification of Abnormalities in Angiosome Foot Perfusion in Diabetic Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia and Nonhealing Wounds
Alvelo JL, Papademetris X, Mena-Hurtado C, Jeon S, Sumpio BE, Sinusas AJ, Stacy MR. Radiotracer Imaging Allows for Noninvasive Detection and Quantification of Abnormalities in Angiosome Foot Perfusion in Diabetic Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia and Nonhealing Wounds. Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging 2018, 11: e006932. PMID: 29748311, PMCID: PMC5951395, DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.006932.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnkle Brachial IndexCase-Control StudiesCritical IllnessDiabetic FootHumansIschemiaMicrocirculationOrganophosphorus CompoundsOrganotechnetium CompoundsPerfusion ImagingPredictive Value of TestsRadiopharmaceuticalsRegional Blood FlowSingle Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed TomographyWound HealingConceptsCritical limb ischemiaAnkle-brachial indexStandardized uptake valueSPECT/CT imagingDiabetic patientsHealthy subjectsSPECT/CTFoot perfusionUptake valueLimb ischemiaMicrovascular perfusionSkeletal muscle microvascular perfusionCT imagingDiabetic CLI patientsMuscle microvascular perfusionPeripheral artery diseaseSingle photon emissionIntraclass correlation coefficientAngiosome perfusionCLI subjectsCLI patientsArtery diseaseDiabetes mellitusCT perfusionVascular territories
2017
Meta-analysis of individual-patient data from EVAR-1, DREAM, OVER and ACE trials comparing outcomes of endovascular or open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm over 5 years
Powell J, Sweeting M, Ulug P, Blankensteijn J, Lederle F, Becquemin J, Greenhalgh R, , Greenhalgh R, Beard J, Buxton M, Brown L, Harris P, Powell J, Rose J, Russell I, Sculpher M, Thompson S, Lilford R, Bell P, Greenhalgh R, Whitaker S, Poole‐Wilson T, Ruckley C, Campbell W, Dean M, Ruttley M, Coles E, Powell J, Halliday A, Gibbs S, Brown L, Epstein D, Sculpher M, Thompson S, Hannon R, Johnston L, Bradbury A, Henderson M, Parvin S, Shepherd D, Greenhalgh R, Mitchell A, Edwards P, Abbott G, Higman D, Vohra A, Ashley S, Robottom C, Wyatt M, Rose J, Byrne D, Edwards R, Leiberman D, McCarter D, Taylor P, Reidy J, Wilkinson A, Ettles D, Clason A, Leen G, Wilson N, Downes M, Walker S, Lavelle J, Gough M, McPherson S, Scott D, Kessell D, Naylor R, Sayers R, Fishwick N, Harris P, Gould D, Walker M, Chalmers N, Garnham A, Collins M, Beard J, Gaines P, Ashour M, Uberoi R, Braithwaite B, Whitaker S, Davies J, Travis S, Hamilton G, Platts A, Shandall A, Sullivan B, Sobeh M, Matson M, Fox A, Orme R, Yusef W, Doyle T, Horrocks M, Hardman J, Blair P, Ellis P, Morris G, Odurny A, Vohra R, Duddy M, Thompson M, Loosemore T, Belli A, Morgan R, Adiseshiah M, Brookes J, McCollum C, Ashleigh R, Aukett M, Baker S, Barbe E, Batson N, Bell J, Blundell J, Boardley D, Boyes S, Brown O, Bryce J, Carmichael M, Chance T, Coleman J, Cosgrove C, Curran G, Dennison T, Devine C, Dewhirst N, Errington B, Farrell H, Fisher C, Fulford P, Gough M, Graham C, Hooper R, Horne G, Horrocks L, Hughes B, Hutchings T, Ireland M, Judge C, Kelly L, Kemp J, Kite A, Kivela M, Lapworth M, Lee C, Linekar L, Mahmood A, March L, Martin J, Matharu N, McGuigen K, Morris‐Vincent P, Murray S, Murtagh A, Owen G, Ramoutar V, Rippin C, Rowley J, Sinclair J, Spencer S, Taylor V, Tomlinson C, Ward S, Wealleans V, West J, White K, Williams J, Wilson L, Grobbee D, Blankensteijn J, Bak A, Buth J, Pattynama P, Verhoeven E, van Voorthuisen A, Blankensteijn J, Balm R, Buth J, Cuypers P, Grobbee D, Prinssen M, van Sambeek M, Verhoeven E, Baas A, Hunink M, van Engelshoven J, Jacobs M, de Mol B, van Bockel J, Balm R, Reekers J, Tielbeek X, Verhoeven E, Wisselink W, Boekema N, Heuveling L, Sikking I, Prinssen M, Balm R, Blankensteijn J, Buth J, Cuypers P, van Sambeek M, Verhoeven E, de Bruin J, Baas A, Blankensteijn J, Prinssen M, Buth J, Tielbeek A, Blankensteijn J, Balm R, Reekers J, van Sambeek M, Pattynama P, Verhoeven E, Prins T, van der Ham A, van der Velden J, van Sterkenburg S, ten Haken G, Bruijninckx C, van Overhagen H, Tutein Nolthenius R, Hendriksz T, Teijink J, Odink H, de Smet A, Vroegindeweij D, van Loenhout R, Rutten M, Hamming J, Lampmann L, Bender M, Pasmans H, Vahl A, de Vries C, Mackaay A, van Dortmont L, van der Vliet A, Schultze Kool L, Boomsma J, van Dop H, de Mol van Otterloo J, de Rooij T, Smits T, Yilmaz E, Wisselink W, van den Berg F, Visser M, van der Linden E, Schurink G, de Haan M, Smeets H, Stabel P, van Elst F, Poniewierski J, Vermassen F, Lederle F, Freischlag J, Kohler T, Latts E, Matsumura J, Padberg F, Kyriakides T, Swanson K, Guarino P, Peduzzi P, Antonelli M, Cushing C, Davis E, Durant L, Joyner S, Kossack T, Kyriakides T, LeGwin M, McBride V, O'Connor T, Poulton J, Stratton T, Zellner S, Snodgrass A, Thornton J, Swanson K, Haakenson C, Stroupe K, Jonk Y, Hallett J, Hertzer N, Towne J, Katz D, Karrison T, Matts J, Marottoli R, Kasl S, Mehta R, Feldman R, Farrell W, Allore H, Perry E, Niederman J, Randall F, Zeman M, Beckwith T, O'Leary T, Huang G, Latts E, Bader M, Ketteler E, Kingsley D, Marek J, Massen R, Matteson B, Pitcher J, Langsfeld M, Corson J, Goff J, Kasirajan K, Paap C, Robertson D, Salam A, Veeraswamy R, Milner R, Kasirajan K, Guidot J, Lal B, Busuttil S, Lilly M, Braganza M, Ellis K, Patterson M, Jordan W, Whitley D, Taylor S, Passman M, Kerns D, Inman C, Poirier J, Ebaugh J, Raffetto J, Chew D, Lathi S, Owens C, Hickson K, Dosluoglu H, Eschberger K, Kibbe M, Baraniewski H, Matsumura J, Endo M, Busman A, Meadows W, Evans M, Giglia J, El Sayed H, Reed A, Ruf M, Ross S, Jean‐Claude J, Pinault G, Kang P, White N, Eiseman M, Jones T, Timaran C, Modrall J, Welborn M, Lopez J, Nguyen T, Chacko J, Granke K, Vouyouka A, Olgren E, Chand P, Allende B, Ranella M, Yales C, Whitehill T, Krupski T, Nehler M, Johnson S, Jones D, Strecker P, Bhola M, Shortell C, Gray J, Lawson J, McCann R, Sebastian M, Kistler Tetterton J, Blackwell C, Prinzo P, Lee N, Padberg F, Cerveira J, Lal B, Zickler R, Hauck K, Berceli S, Lee W, Ozaki C, Nelson P, Irwin A, Baum R, Aulivola B, Rodriguez H, Littooy F, Greisler H, O'Sullivan M, Kougias P, Lin P, Bush R, Guinn G, Bechara C, Cagiannos C, Pisimisis G, Barshes N, Pillack S, Guillory B, Cikrit D, Lalka S, Lemmon G, Nachreiner R, Rusomaroff M, O'Brien E, Cullen J, Hoballah J, Sharp W, McCandless J, Beach V, Minion D, Schwarcz T, Kimbrough J, Ashe L, Rockich A, Warner‐Carpenter J, Moursi M, Eidt J, Brock S, Bianchi C, Bishop V, Gordon I, Fujitani R, Kubaska S, Behdad M, Azadegan R, Ma Agas C, Zalecki K, Hoch J, Carr S, Acher C, Schwarze M, Tefera G, Mell M, Dunlap B, Rieder J, Stuart J, Weiman D, Abul‐Khoudoud O, Garrett H, Walsh S, Wilson K, Seabrook G, Cambria R, Brown K, Lewis B, Framberg S, Kallio C, Barke R, Santilli S, d'Audiffret A, Oberle N, Proebstle C, Johnson L, Jacobowitz G, Cayne N, Rockman C, Adelman M, Gagne P, Nalbandian M, Caropolo L, Pipinos I, Johanning J, Lynch T, DeSpiegelaere H, Purviance G, Zhou W, Dalman R, Lee J, Safadi B, Coogan S, Wren S, Bahmani D, Maples D, Thunen S, Golden M, Mitchell M, Fairman R, Reinhardt S, Wilson M, Tzeng E, Muluk S, Peterson N, Foster M, Edwards J, Moneta G, Landry G, Taylor L, Yeager R, Cannady E, Treiman G, Hatton‐Ward S, Salabsky T, Kansal N, Owens E, Estes M, Forbes B, Sobotta C, Rapp J, Reilly L, Perez S, Yan K, Sarkar R, Dwyer S, Perez S, Chong K, Kohler T, Hatsukami T, Glickerman D, Sobel M, Burdick T, Pedersen K, Cleary P, Back M, Bandyk D, Johnson B, Shames M, Reinhard R, Thomas S, Hunter G, Leon L, Westerband A, Guerra R, Riveros M, Mills J, Hughes J, Escalante A, Psalms S, Day N, Macsata R, Sidawy A, Weiswasser J, Arora S, Jasper B, Dardik A, Gahtan V, Muhs B, Sumpio B, Gusberg R, Spector M, Pollak J, Aruny J, Kelly E, Wong J, Vasilas P, Joncas C, Gelabert H, DeVirgillio C, Rigberg D, Cole L, Becquemin J, Marzelle J, Becquemin J, Sapoval M, Becquemin J, Favre J, Watelet J, Lermusiaux P, Sapoval M, Lepage E, Hemery F, Dolbeau G, Hawajry N, Cunin P, Harris P, Stockx L, Chatellier G, Mialhe C, Fiessinger J, Pagny L, Kobeiter H, Boissier C, Lacroix P, Ledru F, Pinot J, Deux J, Tzvetkov B, Duvaldestin P, Watelet J, Jourdain C, David V, Enouf D, Ady N, Krimi A, Boudjema N, Jousset Y, Enon B, Blin V, Picquet J, L'Hoste P, Thouveny F, Borie H, Kowarski S, Pernes J, Auguste M, Becquemin J, Desgranges P, Allaire E, Marzelle J, Kobeiter H, Meaulle P, Chaix D, Juliae P, Fabiani J, Chevalier P, Combes M, Seguin A, Belhomme D, Sapoval M, Baque J, Pellerin O, Favre J, Barral X, Veyret C, Watelet J, Peillon C, Plissonier D, Thomas P, Clavier E, Lermusiaux P, Martinez R, Bleuet F, C D, Verhoye J, Langanay T, Heautot J, Koussa M, Haulon S, Halna P, Destrieux L, Lions C, Wiloteaux S, Beregi J, Bergeron P, Pinot J, Patra P, Costargent A, Chaillou P, D'Alicourt A, Goueffic Y, Cheysson E, Parrot A, Garance P, Demon A, Tyazi A, Pillet J, Lescalie F, Tilly G, Steinmetz E, Favier C, Brenot R, Krause D, Cercueil J, Vahdat O, Sauer M, Soula P, Querian A, Garcia O, Levade M, Colombier D, Cardon J, Joyeux A, Borrelly P, Dogas G, Magnan P, Branchereau A, Bartoli J, Hassen‐Khodja R, Batt M, Planchard P, Bouillanne P, Haudebourg P, Bayne J, Gouny P, Badra A, Braesco J, Nonent M, Lucas A, Cardon A, Kerdiles Y, Rolland Y, Kassab M, Brillu C, Goubault F, Tailboux L, Darrieux H, Briand O, Maillard J, Varty K, Cousins C. Meta-analysis of individual-patient data from EVAR-1, DREAM, OVER and ACE trials comparing outcomes of endovascular or open repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm over 5 years. British Journal Of Surgery 2017, 104: 166-178. PMID: 28160528, PMCID: PMC5299468, DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10430.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElective endovascular aneurysm repairEarly survival advantageEVAR groupOpen repairIndividual patient dataAbdominal aortic aneurysmSurvival advantageEVAR-1Artery diseaseAortic aneurysmPrevious coronary artery diseaseBrachial pressure indexModerate renal dysfunctionPeripheral artery diseaseCoronary artery diseaseEndovascular aneurysm repairPrespecified analysis planOperative mortalityRenal dysfunctionAneurysm repairEarly mortalityACE trialLower ankleLower mortalityMortality advantage
2016
Use of hyperspectral imaging to assess endothelial dysfunction in peripheral arterial disease
Sumpio BJ, Citoni G, Chin JA, Sumpio BE. Use of hyperspectral imaging to assess endothelial dysfunction in peripheral arterial disease. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2016, 64: 1066-1073. PMID: 27266597, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.03.463.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersBrachial ArteryCase-Control StudiesCoronary Artery DiseaseCross-Sectional StudiesEndothelium, VascularFemaleHemoglobinsHumansHyperemiaMaleMicrocirculationMiddle AgedMolecular ImagingOxyhemoglobinsPeripheral Arterial DiseasePilot ProjectsPredictive Value of TestsProspective StudiesReproducibility of ResultsSeverity of Illness IndexSkinSpectrum AnalysisUpper ExtremityVasodilationConceptsPeripheral artery diseaseCoronary artery diseaseCuff occlusionUpper armArtery diseaseVascular dysfunctionArterial diseasePresence of PADArterial disease patientsPeripheral arterial diseaseSystemic vascular dysfunctionAdvanced diseaseEndothelial dysfunctionVascular clinicProspective studySurgical historyControl cohortDisease patientsMedical recordsUpper extremityVascular bedHealthy volunteersPatientsHemoglobin concentrationDemographic data
2015
Drug-Eluting Stents: New Tools for the Armamentarium Against Peripheral Arterial Disease.
Rajaee S, Hurtado CM, Sumpio B. Drug-Eluting Stents: New Tools for the Armamentarium Against Peripheral Arterial Disease. Surgical Technology Online 2015, 27: 200-7. PMID: 26680398.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral arterial diseaseLower extremity peripheral arterial diseasePercutaneous transluminal angioplastyArterial diseaseComplications of PADOpen revascularization proceduresMainstay of treatmentEpidemic of diabetesCoronary artery diseaseLong-term outcomesInvasive endovascular proceduresDrug-coated stentsDrug-eluting stentsCardiac comorbiditiesTransluminal angioplastyArtery diseaseOpen revascularizationRestenosis rateRevascularization proceduresThrombosis rateEndovascular proceduresLower extremitiesHigher restenosisNeointimal hyperplasiaEconomic burden
2013
Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Vascular Disease Diagnosis and Management
Chin JA, Sumpio BE. Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Vascular Disease Diagnosis and Management. Clinics In Podiatric Medicine And Surgery 2013, 31: 11-26. PMID: 24296015, DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2013.09.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral artery diseasePhysical examination findingsDifferent diagnostic modalitiesArtery diseaseDiabetes mellitusExamination findingsEndovascular interventionTreatment modalitiesDiagnostic modalitiesPathologic basisSame patientPrevalent diseaseVascular disease diagnosisNoninvasive studiesDiseaseMellitusDiagnosisModalitiesDisease diagnosisPatientsManagement
2012
Lower extremity limb salvage with cryoplasty: a single-center cohort study
Basco MT, Schlösser FJ, Muhs BE, Indes JE, Blume PA, Key JJ, Aruny JE, Sumpio BE. Lower extremity limb salvage with cryoplasty: a single-center cohort study. Vascular 2012, 20: 36-41. PMID: 22328618, DOI: 10.1258/vasc.2011.oa0309.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAmputation, SurgicalChi-Square DistributionConnecticutCryosurgeryFemaleHumansIschemiaKaplan-Meier EstimateLimb SalvageLower ExtremityMaleMiddle AgedPatient SelectionPeripheral Arterial DiseaseRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsChronic critical limb ischemiaCritical limb ischemiaCohort studyLimb ischemiaArtery diseaseSalvage rateSingle-center cohort studyRetrospective cohort studyLimb salvage ratePeripheral artery diseaseHistory of smokingLower extremity revascularizationCoronary artery diseaseKaplan-Meier analysisTechnical success rateLower extremity limb salvagePoor wound healingLower extremity lesionsRecent clinical experienceInadequate conduitMajor amputationPersistent ulcerationRest painSurgical revascularizationUncontrolled hypertension
2011
Olive Oil Polyphenol Oleuropein Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Abe R, Beckett J, Abe R, Nixon A, Rochier A, Yamashita N, Sumpio B. Olive Oil Polyphenol Oleuropein Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. European Journal Of Vascular And Endovascular Surgery 2011, 41: 814-820. PMID: 21333557, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.12.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSmooth muscle cell proliferationMuscle cell proliferationCell cycle analysisSMC proliferationCell proliferationInhibits Smooth Muscle Cell ProliferationVascular smooth muscle cell proliferationCoronary artery diseaseNon-treated groupExtracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activationCardiovascular mortalityArtery diseaseKinase 1/2 activationCell cycle blockG1-S phaseMediterranean dietDay 1Oleuropein treatmentGrowth of SMCsG1 phase regulatorsFlow cytometryVascular SMCsPresence of oleuropeinBeneficial effectsCycle analysis
2010
The critical role of hemodynamics in the development of cerebral vascular disease.
Nixon AM, Gunel M, Sumpio BE. The critical role of hemodynamics in the development of cerebral vascular disease. Journal Of Neurosurgery 2010, 112: 1240-53. PMID: 19943737, DOI: 10.3171/2009.10.jns09759.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebral vascular diseaseVascular diseaseUnique hemodynamic conditionsExtracranial atherosclerosisArtery diseaseIntracranial atherosclerosisIntracranial saccular aneurysmsTreatment optionsVascular disordersHemodynamic parametersAneurysm formationSaccular aneurysmHemodynamic conditionsNormal levelsVascular biologyDiseaseMultiple studiesMore studiesPatient-specific dataAtherosclerosisHemodynamicsMagnitude of WSSRiskLow wall shear stressDisorders
1993
Lipoprotein (a): A Risk Factor for Peripheral Vascular Disease
Widmann M, Sumpio B. Lipoprotein (a): A Risk Factor for Peripheral Vascular Disease. Annals Of Vascular Surgery 1993, 7: 446-451. PMID: 8268090, DOI: 10.1007/bf02002128.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral vascular diseaseCoronary artery diseaseDiabetes mellitusCigarette smokingRisk factorsCerebrovascular atherosclerotic diseaseWhite male patientArtery diseaseMale patientsAtherosclerotic diseasePlasma levelsVascular diseasePatientsDiseaseSerum proteinsMellitusComplicationsSmokingLipoprotein