Delayed production of neutralizing antibodies correlates with fatal COVID-19
Lucas C, Klein J, Sundaram ME, Liu F, Wong P, Silva J, Mao T, Oh JE, Mohanty S, Huang J, Tokuyama M, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Park A, Israelow B, Vogels CBF, Muenker MC, Chang CH, Casanovas-Massana A, Moore AJ, Zell J, Fournier JB, Wyllie A, Campbell M, Lee A, Chun H, Grubaugh N, Schulz W, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Ring A, Shaw A, Wisnewski A, Yildirim I, Ko A, Omer S, Iwasaki A. Delayed production of neutralizing antibodies correlates with fatal COVID-19. Nature Medicine 2021, 27: 1178-1186. PMID: 33953384, PMCID: PMC8785364, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01355-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDeceased patientsAntibody levelsAntibody responseDisease severityAnti-S IgG levelsCOVID-19 disease outcomesFatal COVID-19Impaired viral controlWorse clinical progressionWorse disease severitySevere COVID-19Length of hospitalizationImmunoglobulin G levelsHumoral immune responseCoronavirus disease 2019COVID-19 mortalityCOVID-19Domain (RBD) IgGSeroconversion kineticsDisease courseIgG levelsClinical parametersClinical progressionHumoral responseDisease onsetSex differences in immune responses
Takahashi T, Iwasaki A. Sex differences in immune responses. Science 2021, 371: 347-348. PMID: 33479140, DOI: 10.1126/science.abe7199.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune responseCOVID-19Sex differencesSevere COVID-19Risk of deathHigher mortality riskCOVID-19 mortalityPossible biological mechanismsCOVID-19 incidenceMale sexRisk factorsSevere diseaseHigh riskMortality riskMale sex biasOld maleSex-disaggregated dataBehavioral factorsBiological sex differencesDeathVulnerable groupsRiskBiological mechanismsMalesSex