Raimund Herzog, MD, MHS
Associate Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology)DownloadHi-Res Photo
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Endocrinology
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Associate Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology)
Biography
Dr. Raimund Herzog is an Assistant Professor in Endocrinology at Yale School of Medicine. He received his M.D. from University of Ulm, Germany before moving to the US, where he pursued his training in Internal Medicine at Yale School of Medicine. He earned his M.H.S. in the YCCI Junior Faculty Scholars program while further specializing in Endocrinology at Yale. In addition to caring for patients at the Yale Diabetes Center and teaching medical students Dr. Herzog maintains an active translational research program. A physician scientist with a strong interest in neuroscience and diabetes, Dr. Herzog’s laboratory is focused on characterizing and preventing its central nervous complications. He uses state-of-the-art technologies like in vivo NMR spectroscopy and phospho-proteomics to define the impact of diabetes and intensive insulin treatment on brain metabolism and cognition. His work extends from cell culture and animal models all the way to translation of findings to human subjects. It has produced novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying brain energy substrate metabolism thereby laying the basis for the development of targeted therapies that will protect the brain from diabetes complications and injury. In a related area Dr. Herzog’s workgroup has engaged in several collaborative projects that apply his understanding of metabolism towards more comprehensive and unbiased metabolomic analysis of peripheral plasma metabolites in an obese and diabetic adolescent cohort. Furthermore he is exploring the role of circulating small molecules and lipids in the context of aging-related cognitive decline in a cohort of elderly subjects. As part of his studies he has established a close working relationship with the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Keck Mass Spectrometry Center and the Biostatistics Resource at Yale. His studies are funded by several NIH and private foundation awards and have resulted in high impact publications in journals like The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Diabetes and Endocrinology.
Appointments
Endocrinology
Associate Professor on TermPrimary
Other Departments & Organizations
Education & Training
- MHS
- Yale University (2012)
- Residency
- Yale University School of Medicine (2004)
- MD
- Ulm University (1998)
- BS
- Justinus-Kerner-Gymnasium, English/Biology (1991)
Research
Overview
- Adaptations of Brain Energy Metabolism to Hypoglycemia
- Regulation of Brain Glucose Metabolism by Alternate Fuels
- Causes of Hypoglycemia Associated Autonomic Failure (HAAF) in T1DM
- Neuronal Regulation of Whole Body Glucose Homeostasis
- Biomarkers of Metabolic Decompensation in Different Patient Cohorts
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Cognition; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolism; Metabolomics; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Proteomics
ORCID
0009-0009-1632-1435
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Frequent collaborators of Raimund Herzog's published research.
Publications Timeline
A big-picture view of Raimund Herzog's research output by year.
Research Interests
Research topics Raimund Herzog is interested in exploring.
Jing Du, MD, PhD
Akiko Iwasaki, PhD
John Hwa, MD, PhD, FRACP
Stephen Waxman, MD, PhD
Sulayman Dib-Hajj, PhD
Basavaraju Sanganahalli, PhD
33Publications
2,590Citations
Hypoglycemia
Brain
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Blood-Brain Barrier
Publications
Featured Publications
Stimulation of the hepatoportal nerve plexus with focused ultrasound restores glucose homoeostasis in diabetic mice, rats and swine
Cotero V, Graf J, Miwa H, Hirschstein Z, Qanud K, Huerta TS, Tai N, Ding Y, Jimenez-Cowell K, Tomaio JN, Song W, Devarajan A, Tsaava T, Madhavan R, Wallace K, Loghin E, Morton C, Fan Y, Kao TJ, Akhtar K, Damaraju M, Barenboim L, Maietta T, Ashe J, Tracey KJ, Coleman TR, Di Carlo D, Shin D, Zanos S, Chavan SS, Herzog RI, Puleo C. Stimulation of the hepatoportal nerve plexus with focused ultrasound restores glucose homoeostasis in diabetic mice, rats and swine. Nature Biomedical Engineering 2022, 6: 683-705. PMID: 35361935, PMCID: PMC10127248, DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00870-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsGlucose homeostasisGlucose toleranceNerve plexusAfferent autonomic nervesHyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clampNon-pharmacologic therapiesType 2 diabetesInsulin-resistant diabetesHepatic portal systemAutonomic nervesNerve pathwaysDiabetic miceFocused ultrasound stimulationPeripheral neuronsSensory projectionsIntestinal tissueMetabolic diseasesMulti-omics profilingPortal systemMetabolic tissuesGlucose availabilityDiabetesSelective activationPlexusUltrasound stimulation
2020
Glutamate–Serine–Glycine Index: A Novel Potential Biomarker in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Leonetti S, Herzog RI, Caprio S, Santoro N, Tricò D. Glutamate–Serine–Glycine Index: A Novel Potential Biomarker in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Children 2020, 7: 270. PMID: 33291552, PMCID: PMC7761842, DOI: 10.3390/children7120270.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricConceptsNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseAbdominal fat distributionFatty liver diseaseMagnetic resonance imagingGlycine indexLiver diseaseRisk factorsFat distributionPediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver diseasePotential biomarkersIntrahepatic fat accumulationIntrahepatic fat contentTraditional risk factorsRisk pediatric populationsBody mass indexLiver insulin resistanceTwofold higher prevalencePlasma amino acidsNovel potential biomarkersRace/ethnicityNAFLD prevalenceNAFLD patientsMass indexPediatric populationInsulin resistance
2019
O-GlcNAcase targets pyruvate kinase M2 to regulate tumor growth
Singh JP, Qian K, Lee JS, Zhou J, Han X, Zhang B, Ong Q, Ni W, Jiang M, Ruan HB, Li MD, Zhang K, Ding Z, Lee P, Singh K, Wu J, Herzog RI, Kaech S, Wendel HG, Yates JR, Han W, Sherwin RS, Nie Y, Yang X. O-GlcNAcase targets pyruvate kinase M2 to regulate tumor growth. Oncogene 2019, 39: 560-573. PMID: 31501520, PMCID: PMC7107572, DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0975-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsMeSH KeywordsAcetylationAcetylglucosamineAnimalsAntigens, NeoplasmCarrier ProteinsCell Line, TumorDatasets as TopicDisease ProgressionFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGlycolysisHEK293 CellsHistone AcetyltransferasesHumansHyaluronoglucosaminidaseMaleMembrane ProteinsMiceN-AcetylglucosaminyltransferasesNeoplasm GradingNeoplasm StagingNeoplasmsProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalThyroid HormonesTissue Array AnalysisUp-RegulationXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysConceptsPyruvate kinase M2O-GlcNAcaseAerobic glycolysisO-GlcNAcylationKinase M2Lysine acetyltransferase activityTumor growthMetabolic rheostatAcetyltransferase activityGlcNAc transferaseMolecular basisMetabolic shiftHuman cancersGlycolysisCancer cellsHigh glucose conditionsGlucose availabilityTumor progressionGlucose conditionsExquisite controlGrowthRheostatCausative roleTargetEnzymeMitochondrial MsrB2 serves as a switch and transducer for mitophagy
Lee SH, Lee S, Du J, Jain K, Ding M, Kadado AJ, Atteya G, Jaji Z, Tyagi T, Kim W, Herzog RI, Patel A, Ionescu CN, Martin KA, Hwa J. Mitochondrial MsrB2 serves as a switch and transducer for mitophagy. EMBO Molecular Medicine 2019, 11: emmm201910409. PMID: 31282614, PMCID: PMC6685081, DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910409.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBlood PlateletsCell LineDiabetes MellitusFemaleHumansMethionine Sulfoxide ReductasesMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMicrofilament ProteinsMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsMitochondriaMitochondrial Membrane Transport ProteinsMitochondrial Permeability Transition PoreMitophagyMutationOxidation-ReductionOxidative StressParkinson DiseaseSignal TransductionUbiquitin-Protein LigasesUbiquitinationConceptsReduced mitophagyOxidative stress-induced mitophagyNovel regulatory mechanismStress-induced mitophagyLC3 interactionMitochondrial matrixDamaged mitochondriaMsrB2Reactive oxygen speciesRegulatory mechanismsMethionine oxidationMitophagyMitochondriaPlatelet apoptosisOxygen speciesPlatelet-specific knockoutApoptosisPathophysiological importanceExpressionImportant roleUbiquitinationParkin mutationsParkinSpeciesLC3
2018
Diabetes Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Down-Regulation of MicroRNA and Up-Regulation of O-GlcNAcylation
Wang D, Hu X, Lee SH, Chen F, Jiang K, Tu Z, Liu Z, Du J, Wang L, Yin C, Liao Y, Shang H, Martin KA, Herzog RI, Young LH, Qian L, Hwa J, Xiang Y. Diabetes Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Down-Regulation of MicroRNA and Up-Regulation of O-GlcNAcylation. JACC Basic To Translational Science 2018, 3: 350-362. PMID: 30062222, PMCID: PMC6058960, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.01.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricConceptsR injuryInfarct sizeMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion injuryIschemia/reperfusion injuryMyocardial ischemia/reperfusionMiR-24Ischemia/reperfusionMyocardial infarct sizePromising therapeutic candidateReperfusion injuryDiabetic heartMyocardial infarctionPoor survivalMouse modelTherapeutic candidateO-GlcNAcylationGenetic overexpressionUp-RegulationInjuryDown regulationMultiple key proteinsKey proteinsHeartReperfusionHyperglycemia
2017
Nanopatterned Bulk Metallic Glass Biosensors
Kinser ER, Padmanabhan J, Yu R, Corona SL, Li J, Vaddiraju S, Legassey A, Loye A, Balestrini J, Solly DA, Schroers J, Taylor A, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Herzog RI, Kyriakides TR. Nanopatterned Bulk Metallic Glass Biosensors. ACS Sensors 2017, 2: 1779-1787. PMID: 29115132, DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00455.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsCyclic voltammetrySensitivity of biosensorsGlucose oxidase enzymeGlucose biosensor performanceBiocompatible biosensorSurface area enhancementBiosensor performanceElectrochemical measurementsElectrode sensitivityPt-BMGElectrode applicationsBiosensorOxidase enzymeVoltammetryBiocompatible materialsElectrodeΜA/Flat electrodesPlatinum-based bulk metallic glassArea enhancementControl electrodesBulk metallic glassOrders of magnitudeElectrical propertiesLow temperatureSelective proton‐observed, carbon‐edited (selPOCE) MRS method for measurement of glutamate and glutamine 13C‐labeling in the human frontal cortex
De Feyter H, Herzog RI, Steensma BR, Klomp DWJ, Brown PB, Mason GF, Rothman DL, de Graaf R. Selective proton‐observed, carbon‐edited (selPOCE) MRS method for measurement of glutamate and glutamine 13C‐labeling in the human frontal cortex. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 2017, 80: 11-20. PMID: 29134686, PMCID: PMC5876108, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricExtracellular Mitochondrial DNA Is Generated by Fibroblasts and Predicts Death in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Ryu C, Sun H, Gulati M, Herazo-Maya J, Chen Y, Osafo-Addo A, Brandsdorfer C, Winkler J, Blaul C, Faunce J, Pan H, Woolard T, Tzouvelekis A, Antin-Ozerkis DE, Puchalski JT, Slade M, Gonzalez AL, Bogenhagen DF, Kirillov V, Feghali-Bostwick C, Gibson K, Lindell K, Herzog RI, Dela Cruz CS, Mehal W, Kaminski N, Herzog EL, Trujillo G. Extracellular Mitochondrial DNA Is Generated by Fibroblasts and Predicts Death in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2017, 196: 1571-1581. PMID: 28783377, PMCID: PMC5754440, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2480oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosisNormal human lung fibroblastsExtracellular mitochondrial DNABronchoalveolar lavageIPF fibroblastsPulmonary fibrosisInnate immune ligandsEvent-free survivalSmooth muscle actin expressionMtDNA concentrationsSmooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblastsGrowth factor-β1Muscle actin expressionHuman lung fibroblastsTGF-β1 stimulationExtracellular mtDNAIPF cohortClinical outcomesControl subjectsDisease progressionGlycolytic reprogrammingSoluble mediatorsTGF-β1Factor-β1Immune ligandsA Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Related Metabolic Signature Characterizes Obese Adolescents with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Goffredo M, Santoro N, Tricò D, Giannini C, D’Adamo E, Zhao H, Peng G, Yu X, Lam TT, Pierpont B, Caprio S, Herzog RI. A Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Related Metabolic Signature Characterizes Obese Adolescents with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2017, 9: 642. PMID: 28640216, PMCID: PMC5537762, DOI: 10.3390/nu9070642.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseMagnetic resonance imagingBranched-chain amino acidsFatty liver diseaseHepatic fat contentObese adolescentsInsulin resistanceLiver diseaseTwo-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clampOral glucose tolerance testSecond magnetic resonance imagingSubset of patientsGlucose tolerance testHyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clampHigher plasma levelsHepatic insulin sensitivityChain amino acidsPlasma levelsTolerance testInsulin sensitivityMetabolomic signaturePlasma metabolitesResonance imagingValine levelsLipid metabolismElevated α-Hydroxybutyrate and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels Predict Deterioration of Glycemic Control in Adolescents
Tricò D, Prinsen H, Giannini C, de Graaf R, Juchem C, Li F, Caprio S, Santoro N, Herzog RI. Elevated α-Hydroxybutyrate and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels Predict Deterioration of Glycemic Control in Adolescents. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2017, 102: 2473-2481. PMID: 28482070, PMCID: PMC5505187, DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00475.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAmino Acids, Branched-ChainBiomarkersBlood GlucoseChildCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlucose Tolerance TestGlycemic IndexHumansHydroxybutyratesInsulin ResistanceLinear ModelsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMultivariate AnalysisObesityPredictive Value of TestsReference ValuesRisk AssessmentConceptsOral glucose tolerance testBranched-chain amino acidsGlycemic controlInsulin resistanceΑ-hydroxybutyrateGlucose toleranceInsulin sensitivityParameters of IRBody mass index z-scoreType 2 diabetes mellitusEarly metabolic featuresChain amino acid levelsTraditional risk factorsPediatric obesity clinicGlucose tolerance testElevated baseline concentrationsIndex z-scoreType 2 diabetesReduced insulin sensitivityDiabetes mellitusObesity clinicNondiabetic adolescentsProgressive worseningDisposition indexGlucose control
Clinical Trials
Current Trials
Type 2 Diabetes Ultrasound Study
HIC ID2000032493RolePrincipal InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date11/30/2023Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge21 years - 75 yearsMetabolic Changes Induced by a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
HIC ID2000029479RoleSub InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date11/15/2024Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge12 years - 24 yearsEffects of Hepatic Ultrasound on Metabolic Homeostasis
HIC ID2000026135RolePrincipal InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date05/31/2023Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge18 years - 60 yearsImpact of Hypoglycemia on Brain Ketone and Neurotransmitter Metabolism in Type 1 DM
HIC ID1208010648RolePrincipal InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date09/29/2022Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge18+ yearsPrevalence of Carbohydrate Intolerance in Lean and Obese Children
HIC ID9909011190RoleSub InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date09/30/2025Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge8 years - 18 years
Academic Achievements & Community Involvement
activity Endocrine Society
Professional OrganizationsMemberDetails2016 - Presentactivity Impact of Hypoglycemia Exposure on Brain Metabolism
OtherSEMINAIRE D’ENDOCRINOLOGIE PEDIATRIQUE ET DEVELOPPEMENTDetails01/20/2020 - 01/21/2020Paris, IDF, FranceSponsored by Institute Pasteuractivity New Insights into Prevention and Treatment of Hypoglycemia
AddressNew Insights into Prevention and Treatment of HypoglycemiaDetails01/01/2017 - PresentSan Diego, CA, United StatesSponsored by 77th American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions
Clinical Care
Overview
Raimund I. Herzog, MD, MHS, cares for adults at the Yale Medicine Diabetes Center. “I am inspired by my passion for patient care, as well as the curiosity about basic physiology, molecular mechanisms, metabolism and neuroscience,” he says. “I am convinced that only the combination and integration of those different areas will transform our understanding of diseases and lead to the discovery of new therapies.”
An associate professor of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Dr. Herzog is currently researching the effect of high and low glucose levels as they occur in diabetes and the complications they cause for brain metabolism and function.
Clinical Specialties
Endocrinology; Diabetes Medicine & Management
Fact Sheets
Hemoglobin A1C Test
Learn More on Yale MedicineHyperglycemia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Learn More on Yale MedicineDiabetes: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Learn More on Yale MedicineType 1 Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Learn More on Yale Medicine
Board Certifications
Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism
- Certification Organization
- AB of Internal Medicine
- Original Certification Date
- 2019
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