2024
Rare de novo damaging DNA variants are enriched in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and implicate risk genes
Olfson E, Farhat L, Liu W, Vitulano L, Zai G, Lima M, Parent J, Polanczyk G, Cappi C, Kennedy J, Fernandez T. Rare de novo damaging DNA variants are enriched in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and implicate risk genes. Nature Communications 2024, 15: 5870. PMID: 38997333, PMCID: PMC11245598, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50247-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDNA sequencesRisk genesHigh-confidence risk genesWhole-exome DNA sequencingSequencing of familiesIdentified de novoLysine demethylase 5BDNA variantsTrio cohortBiological pathwaysGenesSequencing cohortGenetic factorsChildhood neurodevelopmental disordersAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderSequenceVariantsADHD riskNeurodevelopmental disordersKDM5BDNAMutationsFamilyLysineDiscovery
2023
Primary complex motor stereotypies are associated with de novo damaging DNA coding mutations that identify KDM5B as a risk gene
Fernandez T, Williams Z, Kline T, Rajendran S, Augustine F, Wright N, Sullivan C, Olfson E, Abdallah S, Liu W, Hoffman E, Gupta A, Singer H. Primary complex motor stereotypies are associated with de novo damaging DNA coding mutations that identify KDM5B as a risk gene. PLOS ONE 2023, 18: e0291978. PMID: 37788244, PMCID: PMC10547198, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291978.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk genesDe novo damaging variantsGene expression patternsWhole-exome DNA sequencingMid-fetal developmentAdditional risk genesHigh-confidence risk genesParent-child triosGene OntologyCell signalingExpression patternsCalcium ion transportFunctional convergenceCell cycleDamaging variantsGenesDNA sequencingDe novoASD probandsGenetic etiologyBiological mechanismsSequencingDNANetwork analysisIon transportGenome-Wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Tsetsos F, Topaloudi A, Jain P, Yang Z, Yu D, Kolovos P, Tumer Z, Rizzo R, Hartmann A, Depienne C, Worbe Y, Müller-Vahl K, Cath D, Boomsma D, Wolanczyk T, Zekanowski C, Barta C, Nemoda Z, Tarnok Z, Padmanabhuni S, Buxbaum J, Grice D, Glennon J, Stefansson H, Hengerer B, Yannaki E, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Benaroya-Milshtein N, Cardona F, Hedderly T, Heyman I, Huyser C, Mir P, Morer A, Mueller N, Munchau A, Plessen K, Porcelli C, Roessner V, Walitza S, Schrag A, Martino D, Group T, TSAICG T, Barr C, Batterson J, Berlin C, Budman C, Coppola G, Cox N, Darrow S, Dion Y, Freimer N, Grados M, Greenberg E, Hirschtritt M, Huang A, Illmann C, King R, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Lyon G, Malaty I, McMahon W, Neale B, Okun M, Osiecki L, Robertson M, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Singer H, Smit J, Sul J, Initiative T, Androutsos C, Basha E, Farkas L, Fichna J, Janik P, Kapisyzi M, Karagiannidis I, Koumoula A, Nagy P, Puchala J, Szejko N, Szymanska U, Tsironi V, Group T, Apter A, Ball J, Bodmer B, Bognar E, Buse J, Vela M, Fremer C, Garcia-Delgar B, Gulisano M, Hagen A, Hagstrøm J, Madruga-Garrido M, Pellico A, Ruhrman D, Schnell J, Silvestri P, Skov L, Steinberg T, Gloor F, Turner V, Weidinger E, Network T, Alexander J, Aranyi T, Buisman W, Buitelaar J, Driessen N, Drineas P, Fan S, Forde N, Gerasch S, van den Heuvel O, Jespersgaard C, Kanaan A, Möller H, Nawaz M, Nespoli E, Pagliaroli L, Poelmans G, Pouwels P, Rizzo F, Veltman D, van der Werf Y, Widomska J, Zilhäo N, Group T, Brown L, Cheon K, Coffey B, Fernandez T, Gilbert D, Hong H, Ibanez-Gomez L, Kim E, Kim Y, Kim Y, Koh Y, Kook S, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Maras A, Murphy T, Shin E, Song D, Song J, State M, Visscher F, Wang S, Zinner S, Tischfield J, Heiman G, Willsey A, Dietrich A, Davis L, Crowley J, Mathews C, Scharf J, Georgitsi M, Hoekstra P, Paschou P. Genome-Wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2023, 96: 114-124. PMID: 36738982, PMCID: PMC10783199, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExpression quantitative trait lociGenome-wide significant lociWide association study dataComplex genetic architectureQuantitative trait lociAssociation study dataGenetic architectureTrait lociChromosome 5q15Significant lociSignificant enrichmentLociNovel insightsNeurodevelopmental disordersChildhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorderHistonesRNAsGenesPolygenic riskFuture studiesEnrichment
2022
Whole‐exome DNA sequencing in childhood anxiety disorders identifies rare de novo damaging coding variants
Olfson E, Lebowitz ER, Hommel G, Pashankar N, Silverman WK, Fernandez TV. Whole‐exome DNA sequencing in childhood anxiety disorders identifies rare de novo damaging coding variants. Depression And Anxiety 2022, 39: 474-484. PMID: 35312124, PMCID: PMC9246845, DOI: 10.1002/da.23251.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhole-exome DNA sequencingRisk genesDNA sequencingCanonical biological pathwaysMissense genetic variantsNovo variantsGenetic variant detectionParent-child triosGenomic approachesDe novo variantsLikely geneBiologic pathwaysDeleterious variantsBiological pathwaysDamaging variantsGenesGenetic variantsPathwayVariant detectionSequencingNetwork analysisGenetic factorsUnderlying biologyVariantsEnrichment
2021
Whole-exome sequencing identifies genes associated with Tourette’s disorder in multiplex families
Cao X, Zhang Y, Abdulkadir M, Deng L, Fernandez TV, Garcia-Delgar B, Hagstrøm J, Hoekstra PJ, King RA, Koesterich J, Kuperman S, Morer A, Nasello C, Plessen KJ, Thackray JK, Zhou L, Dietrich A, Tischfield J, Heiman G, Xing J. Whole-exome sequencing identifies genes associated with Tourette’s disorder in multiplex families. Molecular Psychiatry 2021, 26: 6937-6951. PMID: 33837273, PMCID: PMC8501157, DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01094-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCandidate genesProtein-protein interaction networkGene ontology categoriesHigh-throughput sequencingStrong candidate geneCandidate gene expressionFamily member 1Heritable neurodevelopmental disorderIdentifies genesNovel genesOntology categoriesNeurodevelopmental disordersMultiplex familiesInteraction networksPolygenic natureBiological insightsGene expressionFunction predictionWhole-exome sequencingGenesGenetic variantsSegregation patternsGenetic heterogeneitySegregation informationMember 1
2019
Interrogating the Genetic Determinants of Tourette’s Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders Through Genome-Wide Association Studies
Yu D, Sul JH, Tsetsos F, Nawaz MS, Huang AY, Zelaya I, Illmann C, Osiecki L, Darrow SM, Hirschtritt ME, Greenberg E, Muller-Vahl KR, Stuhrmann M, Dion Y, Rouleau G, Aschauer H, Stamenkovic M, Schlögelhofer M, Sandor P, Barr CL, Grados M, Singer HS, Nöthen MM, Hebebrand J, Hinney A, King RA, Fernandez TV, Barta C, Tarnok Z, Nagy P, Depienne C, Worbe Y, Hartmann A, Budman CL, Rizzo R, Lyon GJ, McMahon WM, Batterson JR, Cath DC, Malaty IA, Okun MS, Berlin C, Woods DW, Lee PC, Jankovic J, Robertson MM, Gilbert DL, Brown LW, Coffey BJ, Dietrich A, Hoekstra PJ, Kuperman S, Zinner SH, Luðvigsson P, Sæmundsen E, Thorarensen Ó, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Wagner M, Moessner R, Ophoff R, Pato CN, Pato MT, Knowles JA, Roffman JL, Smoller JW, Buckner RL, Willsey AJ, Tischfield JA, Heiman GA, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Posthuma D, Cox NJ, Pauls DL, Freimer NB, Neale BM, Davis LK, Paschou P, Coppola G, Mathews CA, Scharf JM. Interrogating the Genetic Determinants of Tourette’s Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders Through Genome-Wide Association Studies. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2019, 176: 217-227. PMID: 30818990, PMCID: PMC6677250, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070857.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGenome-wide association study approachGenome-wide significant lociGenome-wide association studiesGene-based associationGene-based analysisPolygenic risk scoresGenetic architectureSignificant lociEnrichment analysisGene expressionTop lociGenetic levelAssociation studiesSyndrome pathogenesisGenetic determinantsChromosome 13Genetic variantsGWASGenetic etiologyIndependent population-based samplesLociFundamental mechanismsGenesVariantsHeritability
2018
De Novo Sequence and Copy Number Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder and Implicate Cell Polarity in Pathogenesis
Wang S, Mandell JD, Kumar Y, Sun N, Morris MT, Arbelaez J, Nasello C, Dong S, Duhn C, Zhao X, Yang Z, Padmanabhuni SS, Yu D, King RA, Dietrich A, Khalifa N, Dahl N, Huang AY, Neale BM, Coppola G, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Study T, Abdulkadir M, Arbelaez J, Bodmer B, Bromberg Y, Brown L, Cheon K, Coffey B, Deng L, Dietrich A, Dong S, Duhn C, Elzerman L, Fernandez T, Fremer C, Garcia-Delgar B, Gilbert D, Grice D, Hagstrøm J, Hedderly T, Heiman G, Heyman I, Hoekstra P, Hong H, Huyser C, Kim E, Kim Y, Kim Y, King R, Koh Y, Kook S, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Ludolph A, Madruga-Garrido M, Mandell J, Maras A, Mir P, Morer A, Morris M, Müller-Vahl K, Münchau A, Murphy T, Nasello C, Plessen K, Poisner H, Roessner V, Sanders S, Shin E, Song D, Song J, State M, Sun N, Thackray J, Tischfield J, Tübing J, Visscher F, Wanderer S, Wang S, Willsey A, Woods M, Xing J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zinner S, Initiative T, Androutsos C, Barta C, Farkas L, Fichna J, Georgitsi M, Janik P, Karagiannidis I, Koumoula A, Nagy P, Paschou P, Puchala J, Rizzo R, Szejko N, Szymanska U, Tarnok Z, Tsironi V, Wolanczyk T, Zekanowski C, Genetics T, Barr C, Batterson J, Berlin C, Bruun R, Budman C, Cath D, Chouinard S, Coppola G, Cox N, Darrow S, Davis L, Dion Y, Freimer N, Grados M, Hirschtritt M, Huang A, Illmann C, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Lyon G, Malaty I, Mathews C, MacMahon W, Neale B, Okun M, Osiecki L, Pauls D, Posthuma D, Ramensky V, Robertson M, Rouleau G, Sandor P, Scharf J, Singer H, Smit J, Sul J, Yu D, Fernandez T, Buxbaum J, De Rubeis S, Grice D, Xing J, Heiman G, Tischfield J, Paschou P, Willsey A, State M. De Novo Sequence and Copy Number Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder and Implicate Cell Polarity in Pathogenesis. Cell Reports 2018, 24: 3441-3454.e12. PMID: 30257206, PMCID: PMC6475626, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.082.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCell polarityNumber variantsSequence variantsDe novo damaging variantsDe novoDe novo sequencesCopy number variantsNovo sequencesWhole-exome sequencingDamaging variantsRisk genesGenesCommon pathwayNovoSignificant overlapVariantsTriosGenetic riskSequencingCELSR3PathwayPolaritySequenceSignificant excessFamilyGenetic Insights Into ADHD Biology
Hayman V, Fernandez TV. Genetic Insights Into ADHD Biology. Frontiers In Psychiatry 2018, 9: 251. PMID: 29930523, PMCID: PMC5999780, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00251.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGenome-wide sequencing effortsInteractive gene networksGene discoverySequencing effortsGene networksCandidate genesGenetic insightsExpression patternsBiological pathwaysGenesBiological networksGenetic contributionBiologyPathwayImportant insightsNominal statistical significanceEnrichmentGeneticsBiological underpinningsSynthaseNitric oxide synthaseNeurobiological disorderInsightsHuman developmentExpressionChapter 23 Tourette disorder and other tic disorders
Fernandez TV, State MW, Pittenger C. Chapter 23 Tourette disorder and other tic disorders. Handbook Of Clinical Neurology 2018, 147: 343-354. PMID: 29325623, DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63233-3.00023-3.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsAssociation studiesLarge-effect variantsCandidate gene association studiesGene association studiesGenomewide association studiesSubstantial genetic contributionMultiple genesDevelopmental neuropsychiatric conditionsComplex neuropsychiatric disorderGenetic variantsGenetic contributionRare mutationsTic disordersGenomewide significanceTourette's disorderGenesEnvironmental factorsAccumulated evidenceLarge patient cohortPatient cohortMotor ticsInadequate sample sizePositive findingsNeuropsychiatric conditionsNeuropsychiatric disorders
2016
Whole-exome sequencing in obsessive-compulsive disorder identifies rare mutations in immunological and neurodevelopmental pathways
Cappi C, Brentani H, Lima L, Sanders SJ, Zai G, Diniz BJ, Reis VN, Hounie AG, Conceição do Rosário M, Mariani D, Requena GL, Puga R, Souza-Duran FL, Shavitt RG, Pauls DL, Miguel EC, Fernandez TV. Whole-exome sequencing in obsessive-compulsive disorder identifies rare mutations in immunological and neurodevelopmental pathways. Translational Psychiatry 2016, 6: e764-e764. PMID: 27023170, PMCID: PMC4872454, DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.30.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSingle nucleotide variantsPPI networkPathway analysisProtein-protein interaction networkGenome-wide association studiesNovo single nucleotide variantsParticular biological pathwaysRare genetic variationDisease gene prioritizationDirect molecular interactionWhole-exome sequencing studiesGene discoveryNetwork genesSpecific risk genesNetwork enrichmentGenetic variationInteraction networksGene prioritizationCandidate genesAssociation studiesBiological pathwaysSequencing platformsSequencing studiesWhole-exome sequencingGenes
2015
No Evidence for Association of Autism with Rare Heterozygous Point Mutations in Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2 (CNTNAP2), or in Other Contactin-Associated Proteins or Contactins
Murdoch JD, Gupta AR, Sanders SJ, Walker MF, Keaney J, Fernandez TV, Murtha MT, Anyanwu S, Ober GT, Raubeson MJ, DiLullo NM, Villa N, Waqar Z, Sullivan C, Gonzalez L, Willsey AJ, Choe SY, Neale BM, Daly MJ, State MW. No Evidence for Association of Autism with Rare Heterozygous Point Mutations in Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2 (CNTNAP2), or in Other Contactin-Associated Proteins or Contactins. PLOS Genetics 2015, 11: e1004852. PMID: 25621974, PMCID: PMC4306541, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004852.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsContactin-Associated ProteinSingle nucleotide variantsRelated gene familiesPoint mutationsLike-2Autism risk genesHeterozygous single-nucleotide variantsNumber variation analysisGene familyNext-generation sequencingSequence dataMolecular cytogeneticsRare point mutationsAssociation studiesHomozygosity mappingNucleotide variantsRisk genesRare heterozygous mutationsProteinHeterozygous point mutationMutationsGenesVariation analysisContactinHeterozygous mutationsGenetics of Tourette Syndrome
Lennington J, Coppola G, Fernandez T. Genetics of Tourette Syndrome. 2015, 169-189. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17223-1_9.ChaptersGene networksBiological pathwaysGenetic variantsStructural genetic variantsTranscriptomic variationReplication of associationBioinformatics analysisRecent profilingSubstantial genetic contributionMultiple genesCandidate genesGene expressionComplex neuropsychiatric disorderGenesGenetic contributionRare mutationsGenetic etiologyStructural variationsPathwayRare sequencesEnvironmental factorsNeuropsychiatric disordersDevelopmental neuropsychiatric disordersTS casesGenetics
2014
The inheritance of Tourette Disorder: A review
Pauls DL, Fernandez TV, Mathews CA, State MW, Scharf JM. The inheritance of Tourette Disorder: A review. Journal Of Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders 2014, 3: 380-385. PMID: 25506544, PMCID: PMC4260404, DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.06.003.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsGenetic variationGenome-wide associationGenetic mechanismsBiological pathwaysCausative genesCase-control sampleNumber variantsCommon variantsMultigenerational familiesGenetic factorsRecent studiesFamilyBroad spectrumGenesVariantsFamilial clusteringInheritanceNeuropsychiatric disordersNumerous studiesPathwayVariationGeorges Gilles deCytogenetic abnormalitiesNuclear familiesTranscriptome Analysis of the Human Striatum in Tourette Syndrome
Lennington JB, Coppola G, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Fernandez TV, Palejev D, Li Y, Huttner A, Pletikos M, Sestan N, Leckman JF, Vaccarino FM. Transcriptome Analysis of the Human Striatum in Tourette Syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2014, 79: 372-382. PMID: 25199956, PMCID: PMC4305353, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCopy number variantsGenome-wide association studiesGene coexpression modulesNumber variantsGene network analysisCommon genetic variantsCoexpression modulesUpregulated genesMetabolism modulesImmune-related genesNetwork analysisAssociation studiesDifferential expressionUpregulated modulesGenetic variantsGenesPatient's striatumTS individualsTranscriptomeVariantsMetabolic alterationsSame regionGamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneuronsTranscriptsRNARare deleterious mutations of the gene EFR3A in autism spectrum disorders
Gupta AR, Pirruccello M, Cheng F, Kang HJ, Fernandez TV, Baskin JM, Choi M, Liu L, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Murdoch JD, Klei L, Neale BM, Franjic D, Daly MJ, Lifton RP, De Camilli P, Zhao H, Šestan N, State MW. Rare deleterious mutations of the gene EFR3A in autism spectrum disorders. Molecular Autism 2014, 5: 31. PMID: 24860643, PMCID: PMC4032628, DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-5-31.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExperiment-wide significance thresholdDeleterious mutationsModules of genesNovel candidate genesRare deleterious mutationsCase/control association studySignificance thresholdASD-related genesProtein complexesDe novo mutationsCandidate genesVariety of functionsExpression patternsWhole-exome dataProtein structureAssociation studiesSequencing studiesNonsynonymous mutationsDeep resequencingControl association studySplice site variantConservation measuresSite variantsGenesHuman fetal brain developmentThe Tourette International Collaborative Genetics (TIC Genetics) study, finding the genes causing Tourette syndrome: objectives and methods
Dietrich A, Fernandez TV, King RA, State MW, Tischfield JA, Hoekstra PJ, Heiman GA, the TIC Genetics Collaborative Group. The Tourette International Collaborative Genetics (TIC Genetics) study, finding the genes causing Tourette syndrome: objectives and methods. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2014, 24: 141-151. PMID: 24771252, PMCID: PMC4209328, DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0543-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGenetic studiesSimilar genetic architectureGene discovery effortsMultiply affected pedigreesSingle major geneParent-child triosGenetic architectureMultigenic inheritanceDe novo mutationsMajor geneGenomic researchCollaborative Genetics StudyAffected pedigreesDiscovery effortsGenetic variantsGenetic contributionGenetics ConsortiumNovo mutationsGenesRare variantsBroader scientific communityGenetic riskRecent progressGeneticsVariants
2013
Gene variants associated with antisocial behaviour: a latent variable approach
Bentley MJ, Lin H, Fernandez TV, Lee M, Yrigollen CM, Pakstis AJ, Katsovich L, Olds DL, Grigorenko EL, Leckman JF. Gene variants associated with antisocial behaviour: a latent variable approach. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 2013, 54: 1074-1085. PMID: 23822756, PMCID: PMC3766409, DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12109.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk allelesGenetic risk allelesSingle nucleotide polymorphismsGene variantsNurse home visitation programAge 15 yearsStress response pathwaysCholinergic signalingDrug useCommon genetic variantsPutative risk allelesAntisocial behaviorVariable scoresResponse pathwaysGenetic polymorphismsVisitation programMolecular networksPathway analysisStress responseGenesGenetic variablesMolecular levelGenetic variantsChapter Six Genetic Susceptibility and Neurotransmitters in Tourette Syndrome
Paschou P, Fernandez TV, Sharp F, Heiman GA, Hoekstra PJ. Chapter Six Genetic Susceptibility and Neurotransmitters in Tourette Syndrome. International Review Of Neurobiology 2013, 112: 155-177. PMID: 24295621, PMCID: PMC4471172, DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411546-0.00006-8.ChaptersConceptsGene expression findingsExpression findingsEtiology of TSGenetic workTwo-generation pedigreeTs phenotypeMolecular baseGenetic contributionTourette syndromeLikely interactionsMultifactorial inheritanceSegregation studiesNeurotransmitter systemsAutosomal dominant disorderGenetic factorsDynamic interplayGenetic susceptibilityNew treatment optionsExtracellular dopamine levelsGamma-aminobutyric acidDominant disorderGenesTreatment optionsCortico-striatoDopamine levels
2012
Genetics of Tourette syndrome and related disorders
Motlagh M, Fernandez T, Leckman J. Genetics of Tourette syndrome and related disorders. 2012, 336-346. DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139025997.029.ChaptersPsychiatric geneticsGenome-wide association studiesGene expression studiesPsychiatric genetic studiesSpecific genesExpression studiesAssociation studiesGenetic studiesGenetic databasesGeneticsGenetic epidemiologyWorldwide distributionVaried rolesBrain developmentGenetic influencesEpigeneticsDevelopmental disordersGenesAlzheimer's diseaseDysregulationFamilyRelated disordersGenome-wide association study of Tourette's syndrome
Scharf JM, Yu D, Mathews CA, Neale BM, Stewart SE, Fagerness JA, Evans P, Gamazon E, Edlund CK, Service SK, Tikhomirov A, Osiecki L, Illmann C, Pluzhnikov A, Konkashbaev A, Davis LK, Han B, Crane J, Moorjani P, Crenshaw AT, Parkin MA, Reus VI, Lowe TL, Rangel-Lugo M, Chouinard S, Dion Y, Girard S, Cath DC, Smit JH, King RA, Fernandez TV, Leckman JF, Kidd KK, Kidd JR, Pakstis AJ, State MW, Herrera LD, Romero R, Fournier E, Sandor P, Barr CL, Phan N, Gross-Tsur V, Benarroch F, Pollak Y, Budman CL, Bruun RD, Erenberg G, Naarden AL, Lee PC, Weiss N, Kremeyer B, Berrío GB, Campbell DD, Cardona Silgado JC, Ochoa WC, Mesa Restrepo SC, Muller H, Valencia Duarte AV, Lyon GJ, Leppert M, Morgan J, Weiss R, Grados MA, Anderson K, Davarya S, Singer H, Walkup J, Jankovic J, Tischfield JA, Heiman GA, Gilbert DL, Hoekstra PJ, Robertson MM, Kurlan R, Liu C, Gibbs JR, Singleton A, Hardy J, Strengman E, Ophoff R, Wagner M, Moessner R, Mirel D, Posthuma D, Sabatti C, Eskin E, Conti D, Knowles J, Ruiz-Linares A, Rouleau G, Purcell S, Heutink P, Oostra B, McMahon W, Freimer N, Cox N, Pauls D. Genome-wide association study of Tourette's syndrome. Molecular Psychiatry 2012, 18: 721-728. PMID: 22889924, PMCID: PMC3605224, DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.69.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCase-Control StudiesChromosomes, Human, Pair 9FemaleFibrillar CollagensGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHumansInternational CooperationMaleMeta-Analysis as TopicObsessive-Compulsive DisorderPolymorphism, Single NucleotideTourette SyndromeWhite PeopleYoung AdultConceptsGenome-wide association studiesFirst genome-wide association studyAssociation studiesTop signalsFull genetic architectureAncestry-matched controlsEuropean ancestry samplesGenetic architectureGWAS dataComplex inheritanceEuropean-derived populationsSusceptibility variantsSusceptibility genesEventual identificationEuropean ancestryCosta RicaChromosome 9q32Familial recurrence rateNorth AmericaComplete understandingAmerican populationCentral ValleyNeuropsychiatric diseasesDevelopmental disordersGenes