2023
Transmission modeling to infer tuberculosis incidence prevalence and mortality in settings with generalized HIV epidemics
Dodd P, Shaweno D, Ku C, Glaziou P, Pretorius C, Hayes R, MacPherson P, Cohen T, Ayles H. Transmission modeling to infer tuberculosis incidence prevalence and mortality in settings with generalized HIV epidemics. Nature Communications 2023, 14: 1639. PMID: 36964130, PMCID: PMC10037365, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37314-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh HIV prevalence settingsEstimation of burdenHIV prevalence settingsGeneralized HIV epidemicsTB transmission modelAntiretroviral therapyTB infectionTB incidenceHIV prevalenceTB prevalencePrevalence settingsTB epidemicHIV epidemicHigh burdenBurden estimatesNotification dataAnnual riskSingle pathogenIntervention impactTherapy effectsTuberculosisPrevalenceEpidemicBurdenAfrican countries
2019
Notification of relapse and other previously treated tuberculosis in the 52 health districts of South Africa
Marx F, Cohen T, Lombard C, Hesseling A, Dlamini S, Beyers N, Naidoo P. Notification of relapse and other previously treated tuberculosis in the 52 health districts of South Africa. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2019, 23: 891-899. PMID: 31533878, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0609.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSouth African health districtTB casesCase notification ratesHealth districtTB burdenNotification ratesHigh case notification ratesHIV co-infection rateHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalenceTB case notification ratesAntenatal HIV prevalenceSecondary preventive therapyDrug-susceptible tuberculosisNew TB casesCo-infection rateTreatment history informationPreventive therapyMultivariable analysisHIV prevalenceSouth African districtPatient categoriesRelapseTuberculosisTreatment monitoringVirus prevalence
2018
Evaluation of Tuberculosis Treatment Response With Serial C-Reactive Protein Measurements
Wilson D, Moosa MS, Cohen T, Cudahy P, Aldous C, Maartens G. Evaluation of Tuberculosis Treatment Response With Serial C-Reactive Protein Measurements. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018, 5: ofy253. PMID: 30474046, PMCID: PMC6240901, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy253.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchC-reactive proteinTuberculosis groupAntituberculosis therapyWeek 2Serial C-reactive protein measurementsC-reactive protein measurementTuberculosis treatment responseNegative sputum smearsSmear-negative patientsSmear-negative tuberculosisSymptoms of tuberculosisMedian weight gainCohort of adultsNegative predictive valueAntituberculosis treatmentCRP reductionHIV testingHIV prevalenceAdverse outcomesSputum smearHemoglobin increaseSerial changesWeek 8Treatment responseBaseline valuesTuberculosis control interventions targeted to previously treated people in a high-incidence setting: a modelling study
Marx FM, Yaesoubi R, Menzies NA, Salomon JA, Bilinski A, Beyers N, Cohen T. Tuberculosis control interventions targeted to previously treated people in a high-incidence setting: a modelling study. The Lancet Global Health 2018, 6: e426-e435. PMID: 29472018, PMCID: PMC5849574, DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30022-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-incidence settingsIsoniazid preventive therapyPreventive therapyTuberculosis treatmentActive casesHIV prevalenceTuberculosis controlControl interventionsIncident tuberculosis casesPrevious tuberculosis treatmentTuberculosis control interventionsTB case notificationHigh-risk groupTransmission dynamic modelTuberculosis deathsHigh tuberculosisRecurrent diseasePrevalent tuberculosisTuberculosis casesTuberculosis incidenceCase notificationTreatment outcomesTuberculosis morbidityTuberculosis epidemicAdditional interventions
2013
Community-Wide Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Drives Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Model-Based Analysis
Mills HL, Cohen T, Colijn C. Community-Wide Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Drives Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Model-Based Analysis. Science Translational Medicine 2013, 5: 180ra49. PMID: 23576815, PMCID: PMC3714172, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005260.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant TBIPT interventionDrug-sensitive infectionsIsoniazid-resistant TBHIV/TBRisk of progressionHigh HIV prevalenceDrug-resistant diseaseIsoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisSymptom-free individualsSignificant elevated riskDrug-resistant strainsWorld Health OrganizationActive TBTB controlResistant tuberculosisHIV prevalenceTuberculosis controlIPT programElevated riskHost immunityMycobacterium tuberculosisHealth OrganizationSelective suppressionIntervention
2012
Population Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF: A Dynamic Simulation and Economic Evaluation
Menzies NA, Cohen T, Lin HH, Murray M, Salomon JA. Population Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Diagnosis with Xpert MTB/RIF: A Dynamic Simulation and Economic Evaluation. PLOS Medicine 2012, 9: e1001347. PMID: 23185139, PMCID: PMC3502465, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001347.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidrug-resistant TBCost-effectiveness ratioInitial diagnosisXpert MTB/RIF testMTB/RIF testXpert MTB/RIFIntroduction of XpertTB natural historyTB-HIV coinfectionMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisHigh HIV prevalenceMTB/RIFHealth system costsImplementation of XpertHealth impactsPopulation health impactCost-effectiveness resultsLong-term transmission dynamicsWorld Health OrganizationAntiretroviral therapyTB casesTB deathsTB morbidityHIV prevalenceRIF test
2010
The Prevalence and Drug Sensitivity of Tuberculosis among Patients Dying in Hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A Postmortem Study
Cohen T, Murray M, Wallengren K, Alvarez GG, Samuel EY, Wilson D. The Prevalence and Drug Sensitivity of Tuberculosis among Patients Dying in Hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A Postmortem Study. PLOS Medicine 2010, 7: e1000296. PMID: 20582324, PMCID: PMC2889914, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000296.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTime of deathTuberculosis treatmentLimited autopsiesM. tuberculosisMultidrug-resistant bacilliCulture-positive tuberculosisInitiation of treatmentMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisHIV-positive individualsMajority of decedentsRespiratory tract secretionsHigh HIV prevalenceSecond-line antibioticsNeedle core biopsySingle public hospitalDiagnosis of tuberculosisAcid-fast bacilliCause of deathNew public health approachPublic health approachMagnitude of deathsFatal courseAdult inpatientsStudy cohortHIV prevalence