2024
Neurosymptomatic HIV-1 CSF escape is associated with replication in CNS T cells and inflammation
Kincer L, Dravid A, Trunfio M, Calcagno A, Zhou S, Vercesi R, Spudich S, Gisslen M, Price R, Cinque P, Joseph S. Neurosymptomatic HIV-1 CSF escape is associated with replication in CNS T cells and inflammation. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2024, 134: e176358. PMID: 39352388, PMCID: PMC11444166, DOI: 10.1172/jci176358.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 RNACD4+ T cellsHIV-1 populationsAntiretroviral therapyHIV-1T cellsCerebrospinal fluidCSF escapeCNS inflammationDetectable HIV-1 RNAImprovement of neurological symptomsAssociated with viral suppressionUntreated chronic infectionDrug-resistant virusesProgressive neurological deficitsCNS T cellsART regimenViral suppressionChronic infectionNeurological deficitsNeurological symptomsInflammatory biomarkersClinical consequencesVirus expressionPrimary infection
2022
Nervous system consequences of COVID-19
Spudich S, Nath A. Nervous system consequences of COVID-19. Science 2022, 375: 267-269. PMID: 35050660, DOI: 10.1126/science.abm2052.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
Divergent and self-reactive immune responses in the CNS of COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms
Song E, Bartley CM, Chow RD, Ngo TT, Jiang R, Zamecnik CR, Dandekar R, Loudermilk RP, Dai Y, Liu F, Sunshine S, Liu J, Wu W, Hawes IA, Alvarenga BD, Huynh T, McAlpine L, Rahman NT, Geng B, Chiarella J, Goldman-Israelow B, Vogels CBF, Grubaugh ND, Casanovas-Massana A, Phinney BS, Salemi M, Alexander JR, Gallego JA, Lencz T, Walsh H, Wapniarski AE, Mohanty S, Lucas C, Klein J, Mao T, Oh J, Ring A, Spudich S, Ko AI, Kleinstein SH, Pak J, DeRisi JL, Iwasaki A, Pleasure SJ, Wilson MR, Farhadian SF. Divergent and self-reactive immune responses in the CNS of COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. Cell Reports Medicine 2021, 2: 100288. PMID: 33969321, PMCID: PMC8091032, DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100288.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeurological symptomsImmune responseCerebrospinal fluidAnti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodiesCOVID-19Self-reactive immune responsesSARS-CoV-2 antibodiesCompartmentalized immune responseCSF immunoglobulin GRole of autoimmunityCOVID-19 patientsB cell responsesCoronavirus disease 2019Immune surveyNeurologic sequelaePulmonary infectionBrain infectionSerum antibodiesDisease 2019Monoclonal antibody targetsAnimal modelsTarget epitopesCell activationCell responsesSingle-cell RNA sequencingNeuropathogenesis of acute coronavirus disease 2019
Farhadian SF, Seilhean D, Spudich S. Neuropathogenesis of acute coronavirus disease 2019. Current Opinion In Neurology 2021, 34: 417-422. PMID: 33852526, DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000944.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsAcute SARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 infectionNeurological complicationsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Acute coronavirus disease 2019Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Potential long-term complicationsCOVID-19Respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Direct viral invasionImmune-modulating interventionsCentral nervous system tissueLong-term complicationsSpecific immune responseSyndrome coronavirus 2Coronavirus disease 2019Nervous system tissueSubset of casesCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemicParainfectious processViral meningoencephalitisNeurological symptomsVascular inflammationEndothelial activationCoronavirus 2
2020
Coronavirus disease 2019 and neurodegenerative disease: what will the future bring?
McAlpine LS, Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Spudich S. Coronavirus disease 2019 and neurodegenerative disease: what will the future bring? Current Opinion In Psychiatry 2020, 34: 177-185. PMID: 33395100, PMCID: PMC7924921, DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000688.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronavirus disease 2019Multiple sclerosisParkinson's diseaseNeurodegenerative diseasesAlzheimer's diseaseDisease 2019High riskCOVID-19Heart/lung diseaseHigh-risk comorbid conditionsHospitalized COVID-19 patientsAltered mental statusCOVID-19 patientsMS patientsSuch patientsComorbid conditionsNeurological symptomsPoor outcomeLung diseaseMental statusAdvanced ageSevere diseasePatientsBetter outcomesViral infection
2019
Slowly progressive fatal PML-IRIS following antiretroviral initiation at CD4+ nadir of 350 cells/mm3 despite CD4+ cell count rise to 900 cells/mm3
Sandhu MR, Rutledge R, Grant M, Mahajan A, Spudich S. Slowly progressive fatal PML-IRIS following antiretroviral initiation at CD4+ nadir of 350 cells/mm3 despite CD4+ cell count rise to 900 cells/mm3. International Journal Of STD & AIDS 2019, 30: 810-813. PMID: 31046614, DOI: 10.1177/0956462419835966.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveBrainCD4 Lymphocyte CountDisease ProgressionDystonic DisordersFatal OutcomeHIV InfectionsHumansImmune Reconstitution Inflammatory SyndromeJC VirusLeukoencephalopathy, Progressive MultifocalMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleTreatment OutcomeConceptsImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromePML-IRISAntiretroviral therapyCell countInflammatory syndromeInitiation of ARTHIV/AIDS patientsReconstitution inflammatory syndromeRobust immune reconstitutionCells/mm3Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyRole of CD4Blood-brain barrierCells/Antiretroviral initiationInflammatory picturePersistent positivityImmune reconstitutionMultifocal leukoencephalopathyNeurological symptomsOpportunistic infectionsAIDS patientsVirus antigenImmune responseJC virus
2009
Amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in HIV infection
Gisslén M, Krut J, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Cinque P, Brew BJ, Spudich S, Hagberg L, Rosengren L, Price RW, Zetterberg H. Amyloid and tau cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in HIV infection. BMC Neurology 2009, 9: 63. PMID: 20028512, PMCID: PMC2807422, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-9-63.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAIDS Dementia ComplexAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAlzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesAmyloid beta-Protein PrecursorAnalysis of VarianceBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansMaleMiddle AgedPeptide FragmentsPrincipal Component AnalysisTau ProteinsConceptsAIDS dementia complexCerebrospinal fluid biomarkersOpportunistic infectionsADC patientsAlzheimer's diseaseHIV infectionP-tauDisease patientsFluid biomarkersCentral nervous system opportunistic infectionsSoluble amyloid precursor protein alphaLower CSF Aβ1-42CSF t-tau levelsCNS immune activationCNS opportunistic infectionsCSF p-tauCSF t-tauT-tau levelsCross-sectional studyCSF Aβ1-42Alzheimer's disease patientsUninfected subjectsInfection patientsNeural injuryNeurological symptoms