2023
Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis is associated with HIV-1 neuroinvasion during acute infection
Chan P, Moreland S, Sacdalan C, Kroon E, Colby D, Sriplienchan S, Pinyakorn S, Phanuphak N, Jagodzinski L, Valcour V, Vasan S, Paul R, Trautmann L, Spudich S, Team O. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis is associated with HIV-1 neuroinvasion during acute infection. AIDS 2023, 38: 373-378. PMID: 37916464, PMCID: PMC10842649, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003777.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCSF HIV-1 RNAWhite blood cell countHIV-1 RNAAcute HIV infectionCp/mLCSF pleocytosisCSF samplesLower plasmaCerebrospinal fluid white blood cell countMedian CSF white blood cell countStage ICSF white blood cell countDetectable HIV-1 RNAFiebig stage IIIFiebig stages ICerebrospinal fluid pleocytosisT-cell countsAcute retroviral syndromeHigh viral loadBlood cell countCells/Blood CD4Acute infectionHIV infectionMedian age
2021
Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load Across the Spectrum of Untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study
Ulfhammer G, Edén A, Antinori A, Brew BJ, Calcagno A, Cinque P, De Zan V, Hagberg L, Lin A, Nilsson S, Oprea C, Pinnetti C, Spudich S, Trunfio M, Winston A, Price RW, Gisslén M. Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load Across the Spectrum of Untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021, 75: 493-502. PMID: 34747481, PMCID: PMC9427147, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab943.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCSF HIV RNAWhite blood cell countPlasma HIV RNAUntreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectionCSF white blood cell countVirus type 1 infectionHIV RNACopies/mLType 1 infectionMulticenter studyOpportunistic central nervous system infectionsCerebrospinal fluid HIV RNACerebrospinal fluid viral loadHigher CSF HIV RNALog10 copies/mLCentral nervous system infectionCross-sectional multicenter studyHIV RNA quantificationNervous system infectionTreatment-naive adultsBlood cell countLarge multicenter studyCNS compartmentalizationCSF discordanceCompartmentalization of cerebrospinal fluid inflammation across the spectrum of untreated HIV-1 infection, central nervous system injury and viral suppression
Gisslen M, Keating SM, Spudich S, Arechiga V, Stephenson S, Zetterberg H, Di Germanio C, Blennow K, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Norris PJ, Peterson J, Shacklett BL, Yiannoutsos CT, Price RW. Compartmentalization of cerebrospinal fluid inflammation across the spectrum of untreated HIV-1 infection, central nervous system injury and viral suppression. PLOS ONE 2021, 16: e0250987. PMID: 33983973, PMCID: PMC8118251, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250987.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveBiomarkersCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCentral Nervous SystemCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansInflammationLeukocyte CountMaleMiddle AgedNeurofilament ProteinsRNA, ViralSerum AlbuminSustained Virologic ResponseConceptsHIV-1 infectionHIV-associated dementiaPrimary HIV-1 infectionBlood CD4CSF inflammationViral suppressionInflammatory biomarkersCNS injuryViral controlT lymphocytesCSF white blood cell countUntreated primary HIV-1 infectionBlood HIV-1 RNACentral nervous system inflammationCerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkersCSF neurofilament light chainHIV-1 seronegative controlsHIV-1-infected subjectsHIV-1-uninfected controlsHIV-1 RNA concentrationsUntreated HIV-1 infectionWhite blood cell countBlood-brain barrier permeabilityCentral nervous system injuryCSF inflammatory response
2014
Peripheral Neuropathy in Primary HIV Infection Associates With Systemic and Central Nervous System Immune Activation
Wang SX, Ho EL, Grill M, Lee E, Peterson J, Robertson K, Fuchs D, Sinclair E, Price RW, Spudich S. Peripheral Neuropathy in Primary HIV Infection Associates With Systemic and Central Nervous System Immune Activation. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2014, 66: 303-310. PMID: 24732871, PMCID: PMC4147038, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000167.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary HIV infectionPeripheral neuropathyCerebrospinal fluidHIV infectionHIV transmissionPN subjectsCentral nervous system immune activationCSF white blood cell countPlasma HIV RNA levelsSigns of PNWhite blood cell countChronic HIV infectionHIV RNA levelsCD8 T lymphocytesDetailed neurologic examinationSymptomatic peripheral neuropathyBlood cell countChemoattractant protein-1Blood CD4Blood neopterinCD8 countsCSF neopterinBilateral findingsFrequent complicationAnalysis of blood
2011
Central Nervous System Immune Activation Characterizes Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection Even in Participants With Minimal Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Burden
Spudich S, Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Lee E, Liegler T, Brew B, Fuchs D, Tambussi G, Cinque P, Hecht FM, Price RW. Central Nervous System Immune Activation Characterizes Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection Even in Participants With Minimal Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Burden. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2011, 204: 753-760. PMID: 21844301, PMCID: PMC3156103, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir387.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhite blood cell countCSF HIV RNAPrimary HIV infectionHIV RNACerebrospinal fluidPHI participantsImmune activationAlbumin ratioPrimary human immunodeficiency virus-1 infectionCentral nervous system immune activationCSF white blood cell countHuman immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infectionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHigher albumin ratioHIV-seronegative controlsImmunodeficiency virus infectionHIV-seronegative participantsCells/μLLow cerebrospinal fluidBlood cell countVirus-1 infectionCross-sectional studyMagnitude of infectionCXCL10 concentrationsPHI patientsMinocycline fails to modulate cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection or immune activation in chronic untreated HIV-1 infection: results of a pilot study
Ho EL, Spudich SS, Lee E, Fuchs D, Sinclair E, Price RW. Minocycline fails to modulate cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection or immune activation in chronic untreated HIV-1 infection: results of a pilot study. AIDS Research And Therapy 2011, 8: 17. PMID: 21569420, PMCID: PMC3117676, DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-8-17.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCerebrospinal fluidHIV infectionImmune activationPilot studyCSF white blood cell countBlood HIV-1 RNAChronic untreated HIV infectionUntreated HIV-1 infectionWhite blood cell countCell surface activation markersCNS HIV infectionUntreated HIV infectionHIV-1 infectionHIV-1 RNABlood cell countBlood T lymphocytesConclusionsThis pilot studyBlood neopterinCSF CCL2Adjuvant therapyAntiretroviral therapyViremic subjectsActivation markersBlood biomarkersBrain injury
2010
Cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1 systemic viral controllers: absence of HIV-1 RNA and intrathecal inflammation
Probasco JC, Deeks SG, Lee E, Hoh R, Hunt PW, Liegler T, Price RW, Spudich SS. Cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1 systemic viral controllers: absence of HIV-1 RNA and intrathecal inflammation. AIDS 2010, 24: 1001-1005. PMID: 20299968, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328331e15b.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV RNA levelsViral controllersIntrathecal inflammationCSF white blood cell countUndetectable plasma HIV RNA levelsCerebrospinal fluid HIV RNACSF HIV RNA levelsPlasma HIV RNA levelsTreatment-mediated viral suppressionWhite blood cell countCSF HIV infectionIP-10 concentrationsRNA levelsChronic systemic inflammationSubset of HIVHIV-1 RNAPlasma albumin ratioAbsence of therapyBlood cell countCentral nervous systemCross-sectional analysisCSF neopterinViremic HIVHIV RNAViral suppression
2008
Failure of atorvastatin to modulate CSF HIV-1 infection
Probasco JC, Spudich SS, Critchfield J, Lee E, Lollo N, Deeks SG, Price RW. Failure of atorvastatin to modulate CSF HIV-1 infection. Neurology 2008, 71: 521-524. PMID: 18695163, PMCID: PMC2676982, DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000325006.84658.e7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 infectionHIV-1 RNA levelsT-cell countsCell countIntrathecal immunoactivationNeopterin concentrationsBlood lipidsBlood HIV-1 RNA levelCSF HIV-1 RNA levelsCSF white blood cell countCNS HIV-1 infectionSystemic HIV-1 infectionSingle-arm pilot studyWhite blood cell countPilot studyAntiretroviral-naïve subjectsCells/mulRNA levelsUntreated systemic infectionT-lymphocyte countsSmall uncontrolled studiesEffect of atorvastatinHMG-CoA reductase inhibitorsWeeks of treatmentHIV-1 RNA
2005
Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: Relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment
Spudich SS, Nilsson AC, Lollo ND, Liegler TJ, Petropoulos CJ, Deeks SG, Paxinos EE, Price RW. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: Relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment. BMC Infectious Diseases 2005, 5: 98. PMID: 16266436, PMCID: PMC1299327, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-5-98.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAIDS dementia complexCSF HIV viral loadCSF viral loadAntiretroviral therapyHIV viral loadViral loadCD4 countCerebrospinal fluidCSF pleocytosisCSF infectionHIV infectionSystemic infectionHIV RNACSF WBCNeurological performanceCSF white blood cell countResultsIn cross-sectional analysisWhite blood cell countBlood CD4 countCNS HIV infectionCSF HIV RNAHigher CSF WBCLow CD4 countPersistent plasma viremiaHIV RNA levels