2022
Phase II Randomized Study of Ramucirumab and Pembrolizumab Versus Standard of Care in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated With Immunotherapy—Lung-MAP S1800A
Reckamp KL, Redman MW, Dragnev KH, Minichiello K, Villaruz LC, Faller B, Al Baghdadi T, Hines S, Everhart L, Highleyman L, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Neal J, Waqar SN, Patel JD, Gray JE, Gandara DR, Kelly K, Herbst RS. Phase II Randomized Study of Ramucirumab and Pembrolizumab Versus Standard of Care in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated With Immunotherapy—Lung-MAP S1800A. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2022, 40: 2295-2306. PMID: 35658002, PMCID: PMC9287284, DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00912.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitionInvestigator-assessed progression-free survivalProgression-free survivalOverall survivalVascular endothelial growth factorLung cancerAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerPhase II Randomized StudyTreatment-related adverse eventsRandomized phase II trialSecondary end pointsPhase II trialPlatinum-based chemotherapyCell lung cancerDuration of responseLog-rank testMajor unmet needEndothelial growth factorMultiple tumor typesAdvanced NSCLCEligible patientsOS benefitII trialObjective response
2021
Phase II randomized study of ramucirumab plus pembrolizumab versus standard of care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with a checkpoint inhibitor: Toxicity update (Lung-MAP non-matched sub-study S1800A).
Reckamp K, Redman M, Dragnev K, Villaruz L, Faller B, Al Baghdadi T, Hines S, Qian L, Minichiello K, Gandara D, Herbst R, Kelly K. Phase II randomized study of ramucirumab plus pembrolizumab versus standard of care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with a checkpoint inhibitor: Toxicity update (Lung-MAP non-matched sub-study S1800A). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2021, 39: 9075-9075. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9075.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchVascular endothelial growth factorThromboembolic eventsAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerPlatinum-based doublet therapyPD-L1 inhibitor therapyGrade 5 AEsTreatment-related AEsVEGF receptor inhibitionGrade 3 toxicityAdverse event profilePD-L1 expressionAdverse event assessmentCell lung cancerDuration of responseTumor immune microenvironmentStandard of carePhase IIEndothelial growth factorMultiple tumor typesCare armCommon AEsECOG 0Checkpoint inhibitorsDoublet therapy
2017
Lung Endothelial MicroRNA-1 Regulates Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis
Korde A, Jin L, Zhang JG, Ramaswamy A, Hu B, Kolahian S, Guardela BJ, Herazo-Maya J, Siegfried JM, Stabile L, Pisani MA, Herbst RS, Kaminski N, Elias JA, Puchalski JT, Takyar SS. Lung Endothelial MicroRNA-1 Regulates Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2017, 196: 1443-1455. PMID: 28853613, PMCID: PMC5736970, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201610-2157oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerMiR-1 levelsLewis lung carcinoma xenograftsLung carcinoma xenograftsTransgenic miceEndothelial cellsNSCLC tumorsCarcinoma xenograftsLung endotheliumMiR-1Tumor growthTumor progressionVascular endothelial cadherin promoterMicroRNA-1Cohort of patientsTumor-bearing lungsCell lung cancerVascular endothelial growth factorCancer-free tissuesEndothelial growth factorInducible transgenic miceMiR-1 overexpressionKP miceOverall survivalTumor burden
2009
Classification by Mass Spectrometry Can Accurately and Reliably Predict Outcome in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Erlotinib-Containing Regimen
Salmon S, Chen H, Chen S, Herbst R, Tsao A, Tran H, Sandler A, Billheimer D, Shyr Y, Lee JW, Massion P, Brahmer J, Schiller J, Carbone D, Dang TP. Classification by Mass Spectrometry Can Accurately and Reliably Predict Outcome in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Erlotinib-Containing Regimen. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology 2009, 4: 689-696. PMID: 19404214, PMCID: PMC3563261, DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3181a526b3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsBevacizumabBiomarkers, TumorCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesErlotinib HydrochlorideFemaleHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalPleural Effusion, MalignantPrognosisQuinazolinesReproducibility of ResultsSpectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationSurvival RateTreatment OutcomeConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerCell lung cancerLung cancerRefractory non-small cell lung cancerPhase I/II studyUnivariate Cox proportional hazards modelProgression-free survival outcomesCox proportional hazards modelOutcomes of patientsCohort of patientsSelection of patientsVascular endothelial growth factorProportional hazards modelEndothelial growth factorReceptor kinase inhibitorEpidermal growth factor receptorGrowth factor receptorII studyOverall survivalPretreatment serumTreatment cohortsClinical outcomesSurvival outcomesEpidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitorsSuch therapy
2008
Bevacizumab and Erlotinib: A Promising New Approach to the Treatment of Advanced NSCLC
Herbst RS, Sandler A. Bevacizumab and Erlotinib: A Promising New Approach to the Treatment of Advanced NSCLC. The Oncologist 2008, 13: 1166-1176. PMID: 18997180, DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0108.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerF. Hoffmann-La Roche LtdEpidermal growth factor receptorAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerTumor growthRandomized phase II trialRecombinant humanized monoclonal antibodyHuman epidermal growth factor receptorCombination of bevacizumabPhase II trialSelective tyrosine kinase inhibitorAdditional clinical benefitSecond-line alternativeCell lung cancerPotential predictive markerHumanized monoclonal antibodyVascular endothelial growth factorTyrosine kinase inhibitorsSouth San FranciscoEndothelial growth factorGrowth factor receptorAdvanced diseaseErlotinib monotherapyII trialProspective trial
2007
Endostatin improves radioresponse and blocks tumor revascularization after radiation therapy for A431 xenografts in mice
Itasaka S, Komaki R, Herbst RS, Shibuya K, Shintani T, Hunter NR, Onn A, Bucana CD, Milas L, Ang KK, O’Reilly M. Endostatin improves radioresponse and blocks tumor revascularization after radiation therapy for A431 xenografts in mice. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology • Biology • Physics 2007, 67: 870-878. PMID: 17293237, PMCID: PMC1976280, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.10.030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRadiation therapyConcurrent administrationTumor revascularizationDisease-free survivalVascular endothelial growth factorCombination of endostatinEffect of endostatinMatrix metalloproteinase-2Legs of miceEndothelial growth factorEndothelial cell apoptosisEndothelial cell proliferationAdvanced malignanciesA431 xenograftsClinical trialsInterleukin-8Antiangiogenic therapyAntiangiogenic agentsEpidermoid carcinomaPreclinical studiesHuman epidermoid carcinomaLeg tumorsTreatment groupsAntitumor effectsMetalloproteinase-2Targeted therapy of orthotopic human lung cancer by combined vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling blockade
Wu W, Onn A, Isobe T, Itasaka S, Langley RR, Shitani T, Shibuya K, Komaki R, Ryan AJ, Fidler IJ, Herbst RS, O'Reilly MS. Targeted therapy of orthotopic human lung cancer by combined vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling blockade. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2007, 6: 471-483. PMID: 17308046, DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0416.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenocarcinomaAngiogenesis InhibitorsAnimalsApoptosisBlotting, WesternCarcinoma, Squamous CellCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationEndothelium, VascularErbB ReceptorsFlow CytometryHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred CBANeovascularization, PathologicPhosphorylationPiperidinesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktQuinazolinesSignal TransductionVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysConceptsVascular endothelial growth factorVEGF receptor 2EGF receptorEpidermal growth factorLung cancerHuman lung cancerEndothelial growth factorGrowth factorMitogen-activated protein kinaseNon-small cell lung cancerOrthotopic human lung cancerProtein tyrosine kinase inhibitorEndothelial cellsTumor-associated endothelial cellsHuman lung cancer specimensAdvanced lung cancerSelective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitorCell lung cancerLung cancer patientsOrthotopic mouse modelEndothelial cell tube formationLung cancer specimensHuman lung adenocarcinoma cellsTyrosine kinase inhibitorsSmall molecule inhibitors
2006
Toxicities of Antiangiogenic Therapy in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Herbst RS. Toxicities of Antiangiogenic Therapy in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clinical Lung Cancer 2006, 8: s23-s30. PMID: 17239287, DOI: 10.3816/clc.2006.s.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngiogenesis InhibitorsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic AgentsBenzenesulfonatesBevacizumabCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungCarcinoma, Squamous CellHumansIndolesLung NeoplasmsNiacinamidePhenylurea CompoundsPiperidinesPyridinesPyrrolesQuinazolinesSorafenibSunitinibVascular Endothelial Growth FactorsConceptsAnti-VEGF antibodyCell lung cancerVascular endothelial growth factorAntiangiogenic agentsOverall survivalLung cancerPhase III pivotal trialsClass-effect toxicitiesFirst-line chemotherapyAdverse event profileSquamous cell histologyChemotherapy-associated toxicityVEGFR tyrosine kinaseTyrosine kinase inhibitorsEndothelial growth factorMetastatic NSCLCThromboembolic eventsCell histologyPivotal trialsEvent profileRisk factorsVEGF receptor activityAntiangiogenic therapySmall molecule inhibitorsTumor typesAngiogenesis inhibition in the treatment of lung cancer.
Vokes E, Herbst R, Sandler A. Angiogenesis inhibition in the treatment of lung cancer. Clinical Advances In Hematology And Oncology 2006, 4: 1-10; quiz 11-2. PMID: 17143257.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngiogenesis InhibitorsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsBevacizumabCarboplatinCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicDisease-Free SurvivalErlotinib HydrochlorideHemorrhageHumansLung NeoplasmsNeovascularization, PathologicPaclitaxelProtein Kinase InhibitorsQuinazolinesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsSurvival RateVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerVascular endothelial growth factorLung cancerAntiangiogenic therapyNon-squamous cell non-small cell lung cancerAnti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumabSmall molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitorsRandomized phase II studyRandomized phase III trialEpidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinibPhase II studyAddition of bevacizumabPhase III trialsSignificant survival benefitCell lung cancerSignificant clinical benefitMonoclonal antibody bevacizumabComprehensive treatment approachTyrosine kinase inhibitorsEndothelial growth factorImportant therapeutic targetOngoing studiesNSCLC settingBevacizumab treatmentII studyCombining Targeted Agents: Blocking the Epidermal Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pathways
Sandler A, Herbst R. Combining Targeted Agents: Blocking the Epidermal Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pathways. Clinical Cancer Research 2006, 12: 4421s-4425s. PMID: 16857821, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0796.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsBevacizumabCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungClinical Trials, Phase I as TopicClinical Trials, Phase II as TopicDrug SynergismEpidermal Growth FactorErlotinib HydrochlorideFemaleHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleQuinazolinesVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerPhase II doseStage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancerAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerPhase I/II studyEpidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitorsGrowth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitorsRandomized phase II trialVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathwaySelective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitorEndothelial growth factor pathwayReceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitorsGrowth factorCommon adverse eventsMedian overall survivalPhase II trialPhase III trialsProgression-free survivalSafety of erlotinibCell lung cancerHumanized monoclonal antibodyVascular endothelial growth factorTyrosine kinase inhibitorsEndothelial growth factorGrowth factor pathways
2005
Current Management of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Targeted Therapy
Isobe T, Herbst RS, Onn A. Current Management of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Targeted Therapy. Seminars In Oncology 2005, 32: 315-328. PMID: 15988686, DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.02.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAlkyl and Aryl TransferasesAngiogenesis InhibitorsAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntineoplastic AgentsCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungCyclooxygenase InhibitorsDrug Delivery SystemsErbB ReceptorsFarnesyltranstransferaseHumansLung NeoplasmsMatrix Metalloproteinase InhibitorsProtein Kinase CReceptor, ErbB-2Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorRetinoid X ReceptorsConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerCell lung cancerLung cancerVascular endothelial growth factorEpidermal growth factor receptorBiological therapyGrowth factorLung cancer patientsCancer-related deathLung cancer progressionClinical study designNew therapeutic strategiesEndothelial growth factorGrowth factor receptorOverall prognosisPatient survivalStandard treatmentCancer patientsConventional chemotherapyFrequent causeRadiation therapyTherapeutic approachesAnticancer arsenalTherapeutic strategiesAngiogenesis and lung cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Herbst RS, Onn A, Sandler A. Angiogenesis and lung cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2005, 23: 3243-56. PMID: 15886312, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.18.853.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVascular endothelial growth factorAntiangiogenic agentsLung cancerSurrogate markerProangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factorMajority of patientsReliable surrogate markerTumor vascular developmentDownstream receptor signalingKey therapeutic strategyEndothelial growth factorVEGF receptor bindingMetastatic diseaseMost patientsCancer deathConventional chemotherapyCommon causeTherapeutic strategiesTherapeutic implicationsTumor typesTumor vasculatureTarget inhibitionAnticancer effectsCytostatic effectReceptor signaling
2004
Potential role of molecularly targeted therapy in the management of advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma in the elderly
Gridelli C, Massarelli E, Maione P, Rossi A, Herbst RS, Onn A, Ciardiello F. Potential role of molecularly targeted therapy in the management of advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma in the elderly. Cancer 2004, 101: 1733-1744. PMID: 15386339, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20572.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdvanced nonsmall cell lung carcinomaNonsmall cell lung carcinomaNovel biologic agentsElderly patientsCell lung carcinomaConventional chemotherapyPatient ageBiologic agentsLung carcinomaClinical developmentSuch elderly patientsVascular endothelial growth factorLung carcinoma casesQuality of lifeEndothelial growth factorEpidermal growth factor receptorGrowth factor receptorAggressive chemotherapyImproved tolerabilityYounger patientsOrgan failureTherapy regimensComorbid conditionsMalignant diseaseCarcinoma casesAnti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monoclonals in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Sandler AB, Johnson DH, Herbst RS. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monoclonals in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 2004, 10: 4258s-4262s. PMID: 15217970, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-040023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerMetastatic non-small cell lung cancerCarboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapyCell lung cancerVascular endothelial growth factorEndothelial growth factorPaclitaxel chemotherapyLung cancerAdvanced metastatic non-small cell lung cancerStandard carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapyPhase I/II studyRecent phase II trialGrowth factorCurrent chemotherapy regimensEastern Cooperative GroupNeo-adjuvant studyNon-squamous histologyRole of bevacizumabNausea/vomitingAddition of bevacizumabPhase II trialPhase III studyTyrosine kinase inhibitor agentsSquamous cell histologySubset of patientsNon-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Antiangiogenic Therapy: What Can Be Expected of Bevacizumab?
Herbst RS, Sandler AB. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Antiangiogenic Therapy: What Can Be Expected of Bevacizumab? The Oncologist 2004, 9: 19-26. PMID: 15178812, DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.9-suppl_1-19.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerVascular endothelial growth factorCarboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapyCell lung cancerPaclitaxel chemotherapyLung cancerAdvanced metastatic non-small cell lung cancerMetastatic non-small cell lung cancerStandard carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapyResponse rateRecent phase II trialCurrent chemotherapy regimensNausea/vomitingAddition of bevacizumabPhase II trialSquamous cell histologySubset of patientsNegative prognostic significancePossible risk factorsGreater response rateMean survival timeEndothelial growth factorMain safety concernsAdjuvant settingNonsquamous histology
2003
In Vitro and In Vivo Assays for the Proliferative and Vascular Permeabilization Activities of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Its Receptor
Yano S, Herbst RS, Sone S. In Vitro and In Vivo Assays for the Proliferative and Vascular Permeabilization Activities of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Its Receptor. Methods In Molecular Medicine 2003, 74: 391-398. PMID: 12415710, DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-323-2:391.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCapillary PermeabilityCell DivisionCells, CulturedEndothelial Growth FactorsEndothelium, VascularHumansImmunoglobulin GIn Vitro TechniquesIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsLymphokinesMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, NudeReceptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorRecombinant ProteinsTetrazolium SaltsThiazolesThymidineVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVascular Endothelial Growth FactorsConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerVascular endothelial growth factorLung cancerEarly-stage non-small cell lung cancerCell lung cancerNormal bronchial epitheliumEndothelial growth factorNew blood vesselsBronchial dysplasiaPoor prognosisPrimary tumorLung carcinogenesisMicrovascular densityBronchial epitheliumSolid tumorsBlood vesselsGrowth factorTumorsMetabolic demandsVivo assaysCancerEarly stagesCarcinomaPrognosisHyperplasia
2002
Targeted Therapy Using Novel Agents in the Treatment of Non—Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Herbst RS. Targeted Therapy Using Novel Agents in the Treatment of Non—Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clinical Lung Cancer 2002, 3: s30-s38. PMID: 14720353, DOI: 10.3816/clc.2002.s.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCell lung cancerVascular endothelial growth factorProtein kinase C inhibitorLung cancerKinase C inhibitorSpecific cellular mechanismsCell cycle inhibitionEGFR tyrosine kinaseSignal transductionTyrosine kinaseKey enzymeReceptor-targeted therapyTreatment of NSCLCTumor growth delayC inhibitorEndothelial growth factorCellular mechanismsOSI-774IMC-C225Advanced NSCLCPoor prognosisMajor classesTargeted therapyNovel agentsTherapeutic improvement
2001
Phase II study of the antiangiogenesis agent thalidomide in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Tseng J, Glisson B, Khuri F, Shin D, Myers J, El‐Naggar A, Roach J, Ginsberg L, Thall P, Wang X, Teddy S, Lawhorn K, Zentgraf R, Steinhaus G, Pluda J, Abbruzzese J, Hong W, Herbst R. Phase II study of the antiangiogenesis agent thalidomide in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer 2001, 92: 2364-2373. PMID: 11745292, DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20011101)92:9<2364::aid-cncr1584>3.0.co;2-p.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMetastatic squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaPhase II studyCell carcinomaProgressive diseaseII studySurvival timeAntiangiogenic effectsAdvanced squamous cell carcinomaBasic fibroblast growth factor levelsMedian overall survival timeFibroblast growth factor levelsSingle-agent thalidomideSingle-agent antitumor activityEarly-stage diseasePopulation of patientsOverall survival timeGrowth factor levelsVascular endothelial growth factorMinimal residual diseaseSignificant antitumor effectEndothelial growth factorMechanism of actionStage diseaseUnacceptable toxicity
2000
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is necessary but not sufficient for production and growth of brain metastasis.
Yano S, Shinohara H, Herbst RS, Kuniyasu H, Bucana CD, Ellis LM, Davis DW, McConkey DJ, Fidler IJ. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is necessary but not sufficient for production and growth of brain metastasis. Cancer Research 2000, 60: 4959-67. PMID: 10987313.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrain NeoplasmsCell DivisionCytokinesDNA, AntisenseEndothelial Growth FactorsHumansLymphokinesMaleMiceMice, NudeNeoplasm TransplantationNeovascularization, PathologicRNA, MessengerTransfectionTumor Cells, CulturedVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVascular Endothelial Growth FactorsConceptsBrain metastasesCell carcinomaHuman lung squamous carcinoma cellsLung squamous carcinoma cellsLung squamous cell carcinomaExperimental brain metastasesParenchymal brain metastasesSquamous cell carcinomaInternal carotid arteryVascular endothelial growth factorRenal cell carcinomaEndothelial growth factorImportant therapeutic targetInhibition of VEGFSquamous carcinoma cellsLung adenocarcinoma cellsCancer cell linesDifferent human cancer cell linesCarotid arteryNude miceTherapeutic targetKM12SM cellsMetastasisHuman cancer cell linesVEGF expression