2001
The neurobiology of dyslexia
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Pugh K, Fulbright R, Mencl W, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Fletcher J, Lyon G, Gore J. The neurobiology of dyslexia. Clinical Neuroscience Research 2001, 1: 291-299. DOI: 10.1016/s1566-2772(01)00015-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPhonological processingNeural systemsNeurobiology of dyslexiaPosterior brain systemsFrontal lobe circuitsDiagnosis of dyslexiaFunctional brain imagingDevelopment of tasksSubcomponent processesCognitive modelCognitive basisReading taskBrain systemsNeural substratesDyslexiaBrain organizationParticular subcomponentLanguage systemBrain imagingSpecific hypothesesTaskAdditional suggestionsReadingProcessingAdultsNeural systems for reading in three groups of young adults followed longitudinally since kindergarten
Shaywitz B, Shaywitz S, Fulbright R, Skudlarski P, Pugh K, Mencl W, Constable T, Marchione K, Holahan J, Lee J, Jenner A, Fletcher J, Lyon R, Gore J. Neural systems for reading in three groups of young adults followed longitudinally since kindergarten. NeuroImage 2001, 13: 838. DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92180-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchYoung adultsNeural systems
1998
Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia
Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Pugh K, Fulbright R, Constable R, Mencl W, Shankweiler D, Liberman A, Skudlarski P, Fletcher J, Katz L, Marchione K, Lacadie C, Gatenby C, Gore J. Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1998, 95: 2636-2641. PMID: 9482939, PMCID: PMC19444, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2636.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain activation patternsActivation patternsDyslexic readersFunctional disruptionFunctional magnetic resonanceAlphabetic charactersRelative underactivationPhonologic awarenessNeural signaturesPhonologic analysisSpoken wordsAnterior regionImpairmentNeural systemsPosterior regionDyslexiaMagnetic resonanceWordsOveractivationBrain
1995
Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language
Shaywitz B, Shaywltz S, Pugh K, Constable R, Skudlarski P, Fulbright R, Bronen R, Fletcher J, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Gore J. Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Nature 1995, 373: 607-609. PMID: 7854416, DOI: 10.1038/373607a0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeft inferior frontal gyrus regionsInferior frontal gyrus regionsRight inferior frontal gyrusSex differencesInferior frontal gyrusFunctional organizationPattern of activationRight-handed subjectsPhonological processingPhonological tasksSemantic tasksBrain activationFrontal gyrusLanguage functionNeural systemsGyrus regionsCerebral hemispheresTaskLanguageBrainGyrusOrganizationMalesProcessingActivation
1994
Localization of semantic processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Shaywitz B, Pugh K, Constable R, Shaywitz S, Bronen R, Fulbright R, Shankweiler D, Katz L, Fletcher J, Skudlarski P, Gore J. Localization of semantic processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Human Brain Mapping 1994, 2: 149-158. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.460020304.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSemantic processingPhonological processingLeft posterior temporal regionPhonological information processingFunctional magnetic resonance imagingInferior frontal regionsFrontal brain regionsPosterior temporal regionsTemporal lobe sitesCognitive neuroscienceCognitive tasksMemory searchRight-handed manWord meaningsWord formsGeneration taskSound structureSemantic categoriesNeural systemsFrontal regionsInformation processingTemporal regionsNeuroanatomic lociBrain regionsProcessing