2024
Phylogeographic Analysis of Mycobacterium kansasii Isolates from Patients with M. kansasii Lung Disease in Industrialized City, Taiwan - Volume 30, Number 8—August 2024 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Cudahy P, Liu P, Warren J, Sobkowiak B, Yang C, Ioerger T, Wu C, Lu P, Wang J, Chang H, Huang H, Cohen T, Lin H. Phylogeographic Analysis of Mycobacterium kansasii Isolates from Patients with M. kansasii Lung Disease in Industrialized City, Taiwan - Volume 30, Number 8—August 2024 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2024, 30: 1562-1570. PMID: 39043390, PMCID: PMC11286038, DOI: 10.3201/eid3008.240021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsM. kansasii lung diseaseM. kansasii pulmonary diseasePulmonary diseaseM. kansasii isolatesSputum mycobacterial cultureWhole-genome sequencingEvaluate risk factorsPhylogeographic analysisAge of participantsGenetic relatednessEnvironmental acquisitionLung diseaseMycobacterial cultureOdds ratioRisk factorsM. kansasiiPatientsDiseasePlantsEnvironmental transmissionIsolatesPark plantingsCDCRisk
2023
Urine and sputum tuberculosis tests: defining the trade-offs in endemic HIV and tuberculosis settings
Wilson D, Cudahy P, Drain P. Urine and sputum tuberculosis tests: defining the trade-offs in endemic HIV and tuberculosis settings. The Lancet Global Health 2023, 11: e809-e810. PMID: 37202010, DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00215-2.Commentaries, Editorials and Letters
2022
A doctor at a PHC clinic: A ‘must-have’ or ‘nice-to-have’?
Kerry T, Cudahy P, Holst H, Ramsunder A, McGrath N. A doctor at a PHC clinic: A ‘must-have’ or ‘nice-to-have’? South African Medical Journal 2022, 113: 24-30. PMID: 36537544, DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i1.16700.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-communicable diseasesPHC clinicsClinic doctorsNurse cliniciansMedical conditionsPatient consultationsCommon non-communicable diseasesPrimary healthcare clinicsMedical servicesComplex clinical conditionsMedical doctorsNational Health InsuranceRenal diseaseClinic levelClinical conditionsChild healthClinic teamHealthcare clinicsClinical complexityMedical consultationClinicMental illnessPatientsCommunicable diseasesDoctor consultationsWhole-Genome Sequencing Has the Potential To Improve Treatment for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in High-Burden Settings: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Cox H, Goig GA, Salaam-Dreyer Z, Dippenaar A, Reuter A, Mohr-Holland E, Daniels J, Cudahy PGT, Nicol MP, Borrell S, Reinhard M, Doetsch A, Beisel C, Gagneux S, Warren RM, Furin J. Whole-Genome Sequencing Has the Potential To Improve Treatment for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in High-Burden Settings: a Retrospective Cohort Study. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 2022, 60: e02362-21. PMID: 35170980, PMCID: PMC8925891, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02362-21.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug susceptibility testingRifampicin-resistant tuberculosisShort regimenMDR/RR-TB patientsMDR/RR-TBRR-TB patientsRetrospective cohort studyMore effective treatment regimensHigh-burden settingsRoutine drug susceptibility testingTB drug resistanceEffective treatment regimensWhole-genome sequencingTolerable regimensCohort studyRetrospective cohortRR-TBRegimen changeTreatment regimensTreatment recommendationsPatient outcomesTreatment individualizationClinical dataIndividualized treatmentIneffective drugsPhylogeography and transmission of M. tuberculosis in Moldova: A prospective genomic analysis
Yang C, Sobkowiak B, Naidu V, Codreanu A, Ciobanu N, Gunasekera KS, Chitwood MH, Alexandru S, Bivol S, Russi M, Havumaki J, Cudahy P, Fosburgh H, Allender CJ, Centner H, Engelthaler DM, Menzies NA, Warren JL, Crudu V, Colijn C, Cohen T. Phylogeography and transmission of M. tuberculosis in Moldova: A prospective genomic analysis. PLOS Medicine 2022, 19: e1003933. PMID: 35192619, PMCID: PMC8903246, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003933.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisDrug-resistant M. tuberculosisM. tuberculosis strainsPutative transmission clustersM. tuberculosisTransmission clustersMultidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strainsTuberculosis strainsMultiple M. tuberculosis strainsCulture-positive TB casesLocal transmissionMDR-TB epidemicDrug-susceptible tuberculosisDrug resistance mutationsDrug resistance profilesUrgency of interventionTB casesDemographic dataNew casesTuberculosisInadequate treatmentNatural historyResistance mutationsBeijing lineageMycobacterium tuberculosis
2021
Potential contribution of HIV during first-line tuberculosis treatment to subsequent rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis and acquired tuberculosis drug resistance in South Africa: a retrospective molecular epidemiology study
Cox H, Salaam-Dreyer Z, Goig GA, Nicol MP, Menardo F, Dippenaar A, Mohr-Holland E, Daniels J, Cudahy PGT, Borrell S, Reinhard M, Doetsch A, Beisel C, Reuter A, Furin J, Gagneux S, Warren RM. Potential contribution of HIV during first-line tuberculosis treatment to subsequent rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis and acquired tuberculosis drug resistance in South Africa: a retrospective molecular epidemiology study. The Lancet Microbe 2021, 2: e584-e593. PMID: 34766068, PMCID: PMC8563432, DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00144-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFirst-line tuberculosis treatmentPrevious tuberculosis treatmentRifampicin-resistant tuberculosisRifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosisTuberculosis treatmentHIV positivityCohort studyLarge-scale prospective cohort studyResistance acquisitionPrevious treatmentRetrospective cohort studyProspective cohort studyTuberculosis drug resistancePatient-level dataLogistic regression analysisWhole-genome sequencingMolecular epidemiology studiesProspective databaseMDR tuberculosisRetrospective cohortFemale sexHigh burdenPatientsHIVEpidemiology studiesRifampicin-Monoresistant Tuberculosis Is Not the Same as Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: a Descriptive Study from Khayelitsha, South Africa
Salaam-Dreyer Z, Streicher EM, Sirgel FA, Menardo F, Borrell S, Reinhard M, Doetsch A, Cudahy PGT, Mohr-Holland E, Daniels J, Dippenaar A, Nicol MP, Gagneux S, Warren RM, Cox H. Rifampicin-Monoresistant Tuberculosis Is Not the Same as Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: a Descriptive Study from Khayelitsha, South Africa. Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy 2021, 65: 10.1128/aac.00364-21. PMID: 34460307, PMCID: PMC8522772, DOI: 10.1128/aac.00364-21.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultidrug-resistant TBRMR-TBRR-TBPatient-level clinical dataPhenotypic drug susceptibility testingRifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosisRR-TB patientsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisHIV-positive individualsRifampin-resistant tuberculosisDrug susceptibility testingRifampin monoresistanceHIV infectionMDR isolatesTB drugsRisk factorsClinical dataSusceptibility testingSubset of isolatesTuberculosisDescriptive studyMycobacterium tuberculosisAvailable WGS dataSignificant differencesPatients
2020
Use of the antenatal antiretroviral (ARV) tracking form in maternity case records to improve ARV management
Kerry T, Cudahy P. Use of the antenatal antiretroviral (ARV) tracking form in maternity case records to improve ARV management. South African Medical Journal 2020, 110: 1206-1212. PMID: 33403967, DOI: 10.7196/samj.2020.v110i12.14505.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMaternity case recordsQuality of careRecords of womenCase recordsAntiretroviral managementBlood testsCorrect bloodTracking formHIV-positive pregnant womenHIV viral loadRetrospective chart reviewHIV-positive womenTime of deliveryUMgungundlovu DistrictTerms of outcomesBooking visitAntenatal clinicChart reviewViral loadPregnant womenDistrict hospitalBlood resultsMaternity casesWomenCareRisk factors for recurrent tuberculosis after successful treatment in a high burden setting: a cohort study
Cudahy PGT, Wilson D, Cohen T. Risk factors for recurrent tuberculosis after successful treatment in a high burden setting: a cohort study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2020, 20: 789. PMID: 33097000, PMCID: PMC7585300, DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05515-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsM. tuberculosis infectionRecurrent tuberculosisSuccessful treatmentTuberculosis recurrenceHazard ratioSmear gradeTuberculosis infectionRisk factorsSmear-positive pulmonary tuberculosisCox proportional hazards modelSputum smear gradeRepetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typingHigh-burden settingsRisk of recurrenceProportional hazards modelSuccessful treatment completionRecurrent diseaseCohort studyPulmonary tuberculosisBurden settingsClinical presentationRecurrent episodesInitial episodeNumber tandem repeat typingTreatment completion
2018
Spatially targeted screening to reduce tuberculosis transmission in high-incidence settings
Cudahy PGT, Andrews JR, Bilinski A, Dowdy DW, Mathema B, Menzies NA, Salomon JA, Shrestha S, Cohen T. Spatially targeted screening to reduce tuberculosis transmission in high-incidence settings. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2018, 19: e89-e95. PMID: 30554997, PMCID: PMC6401264, DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30443-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTuberculosis incidenceLow tuberculosis incidence settingsActive case-finding strategyHigh tuberculosis (TB) incidence countriesCase-finding strategyTuberculosis control strategiesHigh-incidence settingsInfectious causesIncidence settingsIncidence countriesTuberculosis transmissionTreatment outcomesActive screeningOnward transmissionSystematic reviewInfectious individualsInfectious periodTuberculosisIncidenceDeathCauseProximal causeHIVMixed resultsMortalityTrends in C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Fibrinogen during Therapy for HIV-Associated Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
Cudahy PGT, Warren JL, Cohen T, Wilson D. Trends in C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimer, and Fibrinogen during Therapy for HIV-Associated Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2018, 99: 1336-1341. PMID: 30226135, PMCID: PMC6221241, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0322.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsC-reactive proteinMulti-drug resistant tuberculosisD-dimerMedian C-reactive proteinSerum C-reactive proteinHigher baseline fibrinogenMDR-TB therapyHIV-positive adultsDrug-resistant tuberculosisHIV-positive participantsHigher CRP concentrationsEarly treatment modificationBaseline fibrinogenTreatment initiationResistant tuberculosisCRP concentrationsTreatment modificationTreatment outcomesTreatment responseHigh riskHigh mortalityNormal levelsOlder ageEarly responseFibrinogenEvaluation of Tuberculosis Treatment Response With Serial C-Reactive Protein Measurements
Wilson D, Moosa MS, Cohen T, Cudahy P, Aldous C, Maartens G. Evaluation of Tuberculosis Treatment Response With Serial C-Reactive Protein Measurements. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2018, 5: ofy253. PMID: 30474046, PMCID: PMC6240901, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy253.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchC-reactive proteinTuberculosis groupAntituberculosis therapyWeek 2Serial C-reactive protein measurementsC-reactive protein measurementTuberculosis treatment responseNegative sputum smearsSmear-negative patientsSmear-negative tuberculosisSymptoms of tuberculosisMedian weight gainCohort of adultsNegative predictive valueAntituberculosis treatmentCRP reductionHIV testingHIV prevalenceAdverse outcomesSputum smearHemoglobin increaseSerial changesWeek 8Treatment responseBaseline values
2017
Diagnostic Outcomes After Chest Radiograph Interpretation in Patients With Suspected Tuberculosis and Negative Sputum Smears in a High-Burden Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Setting
Cudahy PGT, Dawson R, Allwood BW, Maartens G, Wilson D. Diagnostic Outcomes After Chest Radiograph Interpretation in Patients With Suspected Tuberculosis and Negative Sputum Smears in a High-Burden Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Setting. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2017, 4: ofx123. PMID: 28721354, PMCID: PMC5508775, DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx123.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAcid-fast bacilliNegative sputum smearsSputum smearPulmonary tuberculosisChest radiographsSputum smear-negative patientsSmear-negative pulmonary tuberculosisSmear-negative patientsEvaluation of patientsPrimary care clinicsChest X-ray readingsPoor diagnostic utilityX-ray readingsChest radiograph interpretationSputum cultureCare clinicsExperienced pulmonologistsDiagnostic utilityClinical diagnosisPatientsTuberculosisDiagnostic outcomesRadiograph interpretationLow specificitySmearsAccuracy of line probe assays for the diagnosis of pulmonary and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Nathavitharana RR, Cudahy PG, Schumacher SG, Steingart KR, Pai M, Denkinger CM. Accuracy of line probe assays for the diagnosis of pulmonary and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Journal 2017, 49: 1601075. PMID: 28100546, PMCID: PMC5898952, DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01075-2016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLine probe assayComposite reference standardINH resistanceRIF resistanceSystematic reviewMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) casesRapid drug susceptibility testingMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisProbe assayTuberculosis detectionDrug susceptibility testingSmear-positive specimensSmear-negative specimensReference standardM. tuberculosis detectionMycobacterium tuberculosis detectionPulmonary TBTuberculosis casesNew line probe assayStudy qualityIsoniazid resistanceQUADAS-2Indirect testingRifampicinUnique studies
2016
Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis
Cudahy P, Shenoi SV. Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2016, 92: 187-193. PMID: 27005271, PMCID: PMC4854647, DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133278.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus Statements