2000
Identification of a multipotent astrocytic stem cell in the immature and adult mouse brain
Laywell E, Rakic P, Kukekov V, Holland E, Steindler D. Identification of a multipotent astrocytic stem cell in the immature and adult mouse brain. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2000, 97: 13883-13888. PMID: 11095732, PMCID: PMC17670, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.250471697.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAstrocytesBrainCell LineageGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinImmunohistochemistryMiceMicroscopy, ElectronStem CellsConceptsCentral nervous systemNeural stem cellsAstrocyte monolayersMultipotent astrocytic stem cellsAstrocytic stem cellsPostnatal central nervous systemAdult mouse brainStem cellsCerebral cortexPostnatal wkSpinal cordAdult brainSubependymal zoneNervous systemEpendymal cellsMouse brainMammalian brainSpherical clonesCNS developmentBrainVivo identificationAstrocytesMature forebrainCritical periodCE cells
1999
Illusive transience of parvalbumin expression duringembryonic development of the primate spinal cord
Knyihár‐csillik E, Rakic P, Csillik B. Illusive transience of parvalbumin expression duringembryonic development of the primate spinal cord. International Journal Of Developmental Neuroscience 1999, 17: 79-97. PMID: 10221668, DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(98)00090-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNerve cellsSpinal cordLarge dorsal root ganglion cellsDorsal root ganglion cellsYoung adult macaque monkeysPrimate spinal cordUpper dorsal hornDorsal root axonsPrimary sensory neuronsSpinal reflex pathwaysElectron microscopic immunohistochemical techniquesAdult macaque monkeysParvalbumin-positive terminalsLong axonal processesDorsal hornMonkey fetusesDorsal columnsReflex pathwaysGanglion cellsClarke's nucleusAxon terminalsIntercellular networkMotoneuron poolSensory neuronsSynaptic terminalsDevelopment of glomerular synaptic complexes and immunohistochemical differentiation in the superficial dorsal horn of the embryonic primate spinal cord
Knyihar-Csillik E, Rakic P, Csillik B. Development of glomerular synaptic complexes and immunohistochemical differentiation in the superficial dorsal horn of the embryonic primate spinal cord. Brain Structure And Function 1999, 199: 125-148. PMID: 9930620, DOI: 10.1007/s004290050215.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSuperficial dorsal hornGlomerular synaptic complexesPrimate spinal cordDorsal hornDorsal root afferentsDorsal root axonsSubstance PSpinal cordSynaptic contactsPrimate dorsal hornSubstantia gelatinosa cellsPrimary afferent terminalsCB-immunoreactive cellsMacaque spinal cordFinal target cellPost-synaptic specializationsCharacteristic cytological featuresGrowth conesPre-embedding immunohistochemistryLaminae IAfferent terminalsImmunohistochemical differentiationGlomerular synapsesAxon terminalsCalcitonin gene
1997
Radiation‐induced, lamina‐specific deletion of neurons in the primate visual cortex
Algan O, Rakic P. Radiation‐induced, lamina‐specific deletion of neurons in the primate visual cortex. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1997, 381: 335-352. PMID: 9133572, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970512)381:3<335::aid-cne6>3.0.co;2-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLateral geniculate nucleusArea 17Primate visual cortexVisual cortexLow dosesCortical layersArea 17/18 borderEmbryonic day 80Period of corticogenesisSuperficial cortical layersOnset of corticogenesisComputer-aided morphometryMacaque monkey brainSpecific cell classesMultiple dosesCortical cytoarchitectureGeniculate nucleusCortical developmentLaminar positionSpecific neuronal classesCortical thicknessPrimate brainMonkey brainCytoarchitectonic featuresHigh doses
1995
Tempo of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the primate cingulate mesocortex: Comparison with the neocortex
Granger B, Tekaia F, Le Sourd A, Rakic P, Bourgeois J. Tempo of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the primate cingulate mesocortex: Comparison with the neocortex. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1995, 360: 363-376. PMID: 8522653, DOI: 10.1002/cne.903600212.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCerebral CortexGyrus CinguliLimbic SystemMacaca mulattaMicroscopy, ElectronNeural PathwaysSynapsesConceptsEnd of neurogenesisArea 24Area 17Neocortical areasEmbryonic days (EDs) 70Postnatal rhesus monkeysSecond postnatal monthPrimary visual cortexRemainder of gestationAnterior cingulate cortexSynaptic densityPostnatal monthRapid phaseHumoral factorsCingulate cortexVisual cortexAssociational areasRhesus monkeysNeurogenesisDay 70SynaptogenesisAutoradiographic analysisMonthsMesocortexNeocortexStructure of the embryonic primate spinal cord at the closure of the first reflex arc
Knyihar-Csillik E, Csillik B, Rakic P. Structure of the embryonic primate spinal cord at the closure of the first reflex arc. Brain Structure And Function 1995, 191: 519-540. PMID: 7677259, DOI: 10.1007/bf00186742.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimate spinal cordReflex arcSpinal cordSpinal reflex arcAlar plateDay gestation periodAssociation interneuronsProximal dendritesAxon collateralsMotoneuronal somataFirst synapsesNeuronal perikaryaGlial cellsAfferent impulsesNumerous synapsesGolgi impregnationAssociation fibersBasal plateAxonal pathwaysAssociation neuronsCordNerve impulsesTarget cellsSynapsesCellular mechanisms
1994
Axon overproduction and elimination in the anterior commissure of the developing rhesus monkey
LaMantia A, Rakic P. Axon overproduction and elimination in the anterior commissure of the developing rhesus monkey. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1994, 340: 328-336. PMID: 8188854, DOI: 10.1002/cne.903400304.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAxonsBrainCorpus CallosumFemaleMacaca mulattaMicroscopy, ElectronMyelin SheathNeural PathwaysNeurogliaNeuronal PlasticityNeuronsPregnancyConceptsAnterior commissureRhesus monkeysAC axonsAdult rhesus monkeysJuvenile rhesus monkeysProcess of overproductionDistinct cortical regionsAxon eliminationAxon lossAxon numberPostnatal monthCorpus callosumMyelinated axonsPostnatal developmentCortical regionsAxonsAxon diameterCommissureSpecific modulationMonkeysAdult numbersGrowth conesTwo-thirdsSynaptogenesis in the Prefrontal Cortex of Rhesus Monkeys
Bourgeois J, Goldman-Rakic P, Rakic P. Synaptogenesis in the Prefrontal Cortex of Rhesus Monkeys. Cerebral Cortex 1994, 4: 78-96. PMID: 8180493, DOI: 10.1093/cercor/4.1.78.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsDendritesFemaleMacaca mulattaMaleMicroscopy, ElectronPrefrontal CortexPregnancySynapsesConceptsYears of ageSynaptic densityPrefrontal cortexCortical plateMotor areaRhesus monkeysDensity of synapsesQuantitative electron microscopic analysisCourse of synaptogenesisHigh synaptic densityWhole cortical thicknessPrefrontal association areasMacaque prefrontal cortexCerebral cortexDendritic shaftsSupragranular layersCortical circuitryCortical thicknessCortical mantleAssociation areasSynapse formationDay 47Selective increaseCortexSynapses
1993
Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in vertebrate neuromuscular junctions: relationship to the acetylcholine receptor.
Csillik B, Tajti L, Kovács T, Kukla E, Rakic P, Knyihár-Csillik E. Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in vertebrate neuromuscular junctions: relationship to the acetylcholine receptor. Journal Of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 1993, 41: 1547-1555. PMID: 8245413, DOI: 10.1177/41.10.8245413.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCalcitonin gene-related peptideGene-related peptideCGRP immunoreactivityMotor endplatesMotor axonsNeuromuscular junctionAcetylcholine receptorsWallerian degenerationAccumulation of CGRPTonic musclesPresence of CGRPNeuromuscular transmission resultsRat muscleMotor nerve endingsChloral hydrate anesthesiaPresynaptic axon terminalsMotor nervesBupivacaine injectionNerve endingsSupramaximal stimulationAxon terminalsAxon regenerationVertebrate neuromuscular junctionTetanic muscleBuccinator muscleChanges of synaptic density in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey from fetal to adult stage
Bourgeois J, Rakic P. Changes of synaptic density in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey from fetal to adult stage. Journal Of Neuroscience 1993, 13: 2801-2820. PMID: 8331373, PMCID: PMC6576672, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.13-07-02801.1993.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentFemaleFetusMacaca mulattaMaleMicroscopy, ElectronSexual MaturationSynapsesVisual CortexConceptsPrimary visual cortexSynaptic contactsVisual cortexCortical plateSynaptic densityDendritic spinesPostnatal yearDensity of synapsesThird postnatal monthFirst postnatal yearTime of pubertyMicrons 3Asymmetric synapsesDendritic shaftsLayer VICalcarine fissureCortical neuronsLayer IVPostnatal monthLaminar positionMacaque monkeysFunctional maturationRhesus monkeysAdult levelsNeuropil
1992
Immunocytochemical localization of DARPP‐32, a dopamine and cyclic‐ AMP‐regulated phosphoprotein, in the primate brain
Ouimet C, Lamantia A, Goldman‐Rakic P, Rakic P, Greengard P. Immunocytochemical localization of DARPP‐32, a dopamine and cyclic‐ AMP‐regulated phosphoprotein, in the primate brain. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1992, 323: 209-218. PMID: 1328330, DOI: 10.1002/cne.903230206.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDARPP-32Axon terminalsCaudate nucleusDARPP-32-positive neuronsSubstantia nigra pars reticulataAnterior olfactory areaMajority of somataSubcortical white matterUnlabeled axon terminalsAction of dopamineVentral tegmental areaDARPP-32 immunoreactivityCerebral cortexPars reticulataDopaminergic neuronsImmunoreactive somataSubstantia nigraArcuate nucleusGlobus pallidusTegmental areaMedial habenulaDopamine receptorsOlfactory areasVentral pallidumBed nucleusExpression of GABA and GABAa receptors by neurons of the subplate zone in developing primate occipital cortex: Evidence for transient local circuits
Meinecke D, Rakic P. Expression of GABA and GABAa receptors by neurons of the subplate zone in developing primate occipital cortex: Evidence for transient local circuits. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 1992, 317: 91-101. PMID: 1315345, DOI: 10.1002/cne.903170107.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSubplate zoneExpression of GABASitu hybridizationGABAA receptorsTrophic interactionsPlasma membraneGABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complexGABAA receptor subunit mRNAsMammalian telencephalonUnlabeled axon terminalsTransient subplate zoneGABAA receptor subunitsLines of evidenceLocal neuronal circuitsBenzodiazepine receptor complexReceptor subunit mRNAsHybridization signalsReceptor complexSubunitsReceptor moleculesReceptor subunitsSubplate neuronsCortical afferentsSymmetrical synapsesEmbryonic day
1991
A quantitative analysis of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in the rhesus monkey
Eckenhoff M, Rakic P. A quantitative analysis of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in the rhesus monkey. Brain Research 1991, 64: 129-135. PMID: 1786637, DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(91)90216-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsAnimals, NewbornDendritesEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentHippocampusMacaca mulattaMicroscopy, ElectronSynapsesGrowth cone distribution patterns in the optic nerve of fetal monkeys: implications for mechanisms of axon guidance
Williams R, Borodkin M, Rakic P. Growth cone distribution patterns in the optic nerve of fetal monkeys: implications for mechanisms of axon guidance. Journal Of Neuroscience 1991, 11: 1081-1094. PMID: 1901353, PMCID: PMC6575387, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.11-04-01081.1991.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAxonsEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentFetusHaplorhiniMicroscopy, ElectronOptic NerveRetinal Ganglion CellsConceptsOptic nervePia materGrowth conesMonkey optic nerveGlial end feetPeripheral gradientFetal monkeysEnd feetAxon ingrowthNerveQuantitative electron microscopic methodsPossible associationOlder axonsDay 39Single fasciclePrenatal developmentTemporal edgeBasal laminaFasciclesAxon guidanceAxonsEarly phaseCell generationMonkeysMater
1990
Developmental expression of GABA and subunits of the GABAA receptor complex in an inhibitory synaptic circuit in the rat cerebellum
Meinecke D, Rakic P. Developmental expression of GABA and subunits of the GABAA receptor complex in an inhibitory synaptic circuit in the rat cerebellum. Brain Research 1990, 55: 73-86. PMID: 2170058, DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(90)90107-a.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGABAA receptor subunitsGranule cellsSynaptic circuitsGABAA receptorsPresynaptic elementsReceptor labelingReceptor subunitsGABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complexGolgi II neuronsInhibitory synaptic circuitsSpecific synaptic circuitsGranular layerInhibitory transmitter GABAFifth postnatal dayGABAA receptor complexCentral nervous systemCerebellum of ratsBenzodiazepine receptor complexMature granule cellsReceptor complexPresence of GABAInternal granular layerAlpha 1 subunitGABA transmittersGABAergic afferentsAxon overproduction and elimination in the corpus callosum of the developing rhesus monkey
LaMantia A, Rakic P. Axon overproduction and elimination in the corpus callosum of the developing rhesus monkey. Journal Of Neuroscience 1990, 10: 2156-2175. PMID: 2376772, PMCID: PMC6570389, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.10-07-02156.1990.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsAnimals, NewbornAxonsCorpus CallosumEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentFetusMacaca mulattaMicroscopy, ElectronNeuronsConceptsCallosal axonsAxon eliminationNewborn monkeysCorpus callosumRhesus monkeysCallosal projection zonePrimate cerebral cortexInterhemispheric projectionsCallosal projectionsCerebral cortexSynaptic densityPostnatal monthPostnatal weekSupernumerary axonsPostnatal eliminationMonkey cortexProjection zonesFetal developmentAdult valuesAxonsLocal proliferationCallosumDay 65BirthMonkeys
1989
GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor-like immunoreactivity in rat and monkey cerebellum
Meinecke D, Tallman J, Rakic P. GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor-like immunoreactivity in rat and monkey cerebellum. Brain Research 1989, 493: 303-319. PMID: 2548668, DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)91165-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsReceptor-like immunoreactivityGABAA/benzodiazepine receptorGolgi type II cellsType II cellsAxon terminalsBasket cellsBenzodiazepine receptorsCerebellar cortexCortical layersII cellsMonkey cerebellumUnlabeled axon terminalsCytoplasm of neuronsMossy fiber terminalsDeep cerebellar nucleiImmunoreactive dendritesSymmetric synapsesImmunostained neuronsInhibitory circuitsLabel neuronsGlial cellsNeuronal typesFiber terminalsGranule cellsStellate cells
1988
Nature and fate of proliferative cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus during the life span of the rhesus monkey
Eckenhoff M, Rakic P. Nature and fate of proliferative cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus during the life span of the rhesus monkey. Journal Of Neuroscience 1988, 8: 2729-2747. PMID: 3411351, PMCID: PMC6569394, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.08-08-02729.1988.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgingAnimalsAutoradiographyCell DivisionGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinHippocampusImmunohistochemistryMacacaMacaca mulattaMicroscopy, ElectronThymidineConceptsProliferative cellsMitotic divisionPostmitotic cellsUltra-structural characteristicsPossible functionsElectron microscopic levelStable populationGlial fibrillary acidic proteinNeuronal cellsStem cellsJuvenile periodMajor classesMature primatesSubgranular zoneDentate gyrusGlial cellsLife spanCellsGFAP-negative cellsFateRhesus monkeysAcidic proteinNew neuronsPostpubertal animalsFibrillary acidic proteinCCK-immunoreactive terminals form different types of synapses in the rat and monkey hippocampus
Leranth C, Frotscher M, Rakic P. CCK-immunoreactive terminals form different types of synapses in the rat and monkey hippocampus. Histochemistry And Cell Biology 1988, 88: 343-352. PMID: 3366638, DOI: 10.1007/bf00570293.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCholecystokininHippocampusImmunohistochemistryMacaca mulattaMaleMicroscopy, ElectronRatsSpecies SpecificitySynapsesConceptsSynaptic contactsMonkey hippocampusSymmetric synaptic contactsAsymmetric synaptic contactsDistribution of CCKExcitatory transmissionSymmetric synapsesDendritic shaftsPyramidal cellsRat hippocampusCA3 regionDendritic spinesPrimate hippocampusHippocampusCell bodiesRodent hippocampusSame neuropeptidesImmunocytochemical analysisPresent findingsRatsSynapsesImportant differencesAsymmetric contactsCholecystokininCA1
1987
Transganglionic degenerative atrophy in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve transection in rhesus monkeys
Knyihár-Csillik E, Rakic P, Csillik B. Transganglionic degenerative atrophy in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve transection in rhesus monkeys. Cell And Tissue Research 1987, 247: 599-604. PMID: 3568105, DOI: 10.1007/bf00215754.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAtrophyGanglia, SpinalMacaca mulattaMicroscopy, ElectronNerve DegenerationSciatic NerveSpinal CordSubstantia GelatinosaConceptsTransganglionic degenerative atrophyNerve transectionSubstantia gelatinosaDegenerative atrophySpinal cordUpper dorsal hornPeripheral nerve injurySciatic nerve transectionPeripheral nerve transectionDiverse cellular changesDorsal hornNerve injuryDorsal rootsWallerian degenerationNociceptive systemGlial elementsSchwann cellsAdult rhesusRhesus monkeysCellular changesSynaptic vesiclesAtrophyTransectionCordGelatinosa