Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population
Levine ME, Suarez JA, Brandhorst S, Balasubramanian P, Cheng CW, Madia F, Fontana L, Mirisola MG, Guevara-Aguirre J, Wan J, Passarino G, Kennedy BK, Wei M, Cohen P, Crimmins EM, Longo VD. Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population. Cell Metabolism 2014, 19: 407-417. PMID: 24606898, PMCID: PMC3988204, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.02.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAnimalsBreast NeoplasmsCarrier ProteinsCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes MellitusDiet, Protein-RestrictedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInsulin-Like Growth Factor ILongevityMaleMelanomaMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMiddle AgedNeoplasmsProportional Hazards ModelsSignal TransductionConceptsHigh protein intakeOverall mortalityProtein intakeCancer death riskProgression of breastLow protein intakeLow-protein dietHigh protein consumptionDiabetes mortalityAge-related diseasesDeath riskProtein restrictionIGF-1Melanoma tumorsMortalityMouse studiesOlder populationProtein dietOlder adultsIntakeMajor reductionProtein consumptionCancerLow proteinAgeNot All Smokers Die Young: A Model for Hidden Heterogeneity within the Human Population
Levine M, Crimmins E. Not All Smokers Die Young: A Model for Hidden Heterogeneity within the Human Population. PLOS ONE 2014, 9: e87403. PMID: 24520332, PMCID: PMC3919713, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087403.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLung function levelsProportional hazards modelMost age groupsCurrent smokersSimilar inflammationNHANES IIIMortality riskSmokersAge 50Age 80Hazards modelExtreme old ageAge groupsMeans of biomarkersOlder ageResilient phenotypeHigh exposureFunction levelUnderstanding of heterogeneityDamaging factorsLongevity extensionAging processBiological advantagesSmokingInflammation