2023
Therapeutic efficacy of intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells in rat perinatal brain injury
Terada K, Sasaki M, Nagahama H, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Oka S, Ukai R, Yokoyama T, Iizuka Y, Sakai T, Fukumura S, Tsugawa T, Kocsis J, Honmou O. Therapeutic efficacy of intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells in rat perinatal brain injury. Pediatric Research 2023, 94: 1921-1928. PMID: 37422495, DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02717-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPerinatal brain injuryBrain injuryMesenchymal stem cellsIntravenous infusionVehicle groupBrain volumeTherapeutic efficacyInfused mesenchymal stem cellsLeft common carotid arteryHistological analysisNon-ischemic hemispherePostnatal day 7Common carotid arteryEmbryonic day 18Stem cellsHypoxia-ischemiaMSC infusionPreterm infantsGABAergic cellsNeurological functionSignificant complicationsCortical synapsesFunctional improvementCarotid arteryIntravenous administration
2022
Intravenous infusion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves tissue perfusion in a rat hindlimb ischemia model
Maeda S, Kawamura T, Sasaki M, Shimamura K, Shibuya T, Harada A, Honmou O, Sawa Y, Miyagawa S. Intravenous infusion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves tissue perfusion in a rat hindlimb ischemia model. Scientific Reports 2022, 12: 16986. PMID: 36216855, PMCID: PMC9551049, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18485-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBone MarrowDisease Models, AnimalGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHindlimbInfusions, IntravenousIschemiaLower ExtremityMesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationMesenchymal Stem CellsNeovascularization, PhysiologicPerfusionPeripheral Vascular DiseasesRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AConceptsIntravenous infusionVascular endothelial growth factorMesenchymal stem cellsTissue perfusionHindlimb ischemia modelRat hindlimb ischemia modelIschemia modelCell groupsFemoral artery removalIschemia animal modelStem cellsHindlimb muscle tissueBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cellsEndothelial growth factorMarrow-derived mesenchymal stem cellsMSC infusionHistological findingsIschemic limbsHindlimb ischemiaCell delivery methodsIschemic hindlimbSprague-DawleyCapillary densityAnimal modelsInfusion
2021
Possible role of intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist-induced experimental animal model in rat
Tabata H, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Shinkai N, Ichihara K, Masumori N, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Possible role of intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist-induced experimental animal model in rat. BMC Urology 2021, 21: 156. PMID: 34774029, PMCID: PMC8590770, DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00923-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHunner-type ICBladder pain syndromeAnti-inflammatory pathwayMSC groupMesenchymal stem cellsPain syndromeAnimal modelsToll-like receptor 7 agonistTherapeutic efficacyBehavior testsRight external jugular veinFemale Sprague-Dawley ratsGFP-positive mesenchymal stem cellsReceptor 7 agonistChronic pelvic painAnti-inflammatory effectsEfficacious treatment optionExperimental animal modelsSprague-Dawley ratsExternal jugular veinReal-time polymerase chain reactionMRNA expression levelsPositive mesenchymal stem cellsStem cellsHunner lesionsIntravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes the Survival of Random Pattern Flaps in Rats
Nakagawa T, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Yotsuyanagi T, Radtke C, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes the Survival of Random Pattern Flaps in Rats. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 2021, 148: 799-807. PMID: 34550936, DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008327.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalGraft SurvivalHumansInfusions, IntravenousMaleMesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationMesenchymal Stem CellsRatsSurgical FlapsConceptsMesenchymal stem cell groupStem cell groupIntravenous infusionRandom pattern flapsCell groupsMesenchymal stem cellsFlap survivalHistologic analysisRandom-pattern skin flapsBlood perfusionSurgical reconstruction optionsHigh expressionSkin flap survivalFibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNAQuantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactionStem cellsFlap survival areaReverse transcription-polymerase chain reactionSkin flap surgeryExperimental disease modelsSkin blood perfusionSkin flap modelSoft tissue defectsMasson's trichrome stainingMasson's trichrome staining resultsFocal brainstem infarction in the adult rat
Namioka A, Namioka T, Sasaki M, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Focal brainstem infarction in the adult rat. Lab Animal 2021, 50: 97-107. PMID: 33564191, DOI: 10.1038/s41684-021-00722-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrain Stem InfarctionsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHumansRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyStrokeConceptsBrainstem ischemiaNew therapeutic approachesIschemic lesionsFunctional recoveryTherapeutic approachesAnimal modelsFemale Sprague-Dawley ratsBrainstem ischemic lesionsLower basilar arteryArtery occlusion modelIschemic lesion volumeType of strokeReliable animal modelSprague-Dawley ratsBrainstem infarctionExtended observation periodNeurological deficitsBasilar arteryLesion volumeOcclusion modelAdult ratsIschemiaPresent symptomsSurvival rateHigher survival rateIntravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells delays disease progression in the SOD1G93A transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rat model
Magota H, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Oka S, Ukai R, Kiyose R, Onodera R, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells delays disease progression in the SOD1G93A transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rat model. Brain Research 2021, 1757: 147296. PMID: 33516815, DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147296.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBlood-spinal cord barrierQuantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactionIntravenous infusionDisease progressionMotor neuronsMSC groupLocomotor functionOpen-field locomotor functionPreservation of microvasculatureHind limb functionCommon clinical featuresEvans blue leakageMotor neuron lossReverse transcription-polymerase chain reactionTranscription-polymerase chain reactionDevastating neurodegenerative diseaseBBB scoringBSCB functionRotarod testingClinical featuresNeuron lossLimb functionNeurotrophic factorCurative strategiesSpinal cord
2020
Intravenous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells protects both white and gray matter in spinal cord ischemia
Yasuda N, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Nagahama H, Kocsis JD, Kawaharada N, Honmou O. Intravenous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells protects both white and gray matter in spinal cord ischemia. Brain Research 2020, 1747: 147040. PMID: 32771405, DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIschemic spinal cord injuryIntravenous infusionMesenchymal stem cellsDiffusion tensor imagingGray matterLocomotor functionTherapeutic efficacyHind limb locomotor functionGray matter volume reductionPreservation of microvasculatureSpinal cord ischemiaLeft subclavian arteryPersistent motor deficitsVehicle-treated groupSpinal cord injuryStem cellsBSCB functionISCI ratsAortic surgeryCord ischemiaDevastating complicationNeuronal lossSubclavian arteryMotor deficitsCord injury
2019
Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells improves impaired cognitive function in a cerebral small vessel disease model
Nakazaki M, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Oka S, Suzuki J, Sasaki Y, Nagahama H, Hashi K, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells improves impaired cognitive function in a cerebral small vessel disease model. Neuroscience 2019, 408: 361-377. PMID: 30999031, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebral small vessel diseaseBlood-brain barrierProgressive brain atrophyVascular dementiaMesenchymal stem cellsAlzheimer's diseaseCognitive functionBrain atrophyIntravenous infusionEffects of MSCsInfused mesenchymal stem cellsSmall vessel diseaseEssential pathological featuresAccumulation of AβSpinal cord injuryBBB transport systemsStem cellsBBB functionAβ accumulationHypertensive ratsNeuronal damageFunctional recoveryVessel diseaseCord injuryPathological features
2018
Functional recovery after the systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
Sakai T, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Oka S, Nakazaki M, Fukumura S, Kobayashi M, Tsutsumi H, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Functional recovery after the systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Journal Of Neurosurgery Pediatrics 2018, 22: 513-522. PMID: 30074448, DOI: 10.3171/2018.5.peds1845.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrainDisease Models, AnimalHypoxia-Ischemia, BrainMesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRecovery of FunctionConceptsNeonatal hypoxia-ischemiaMesenchymal stem cellsHypoxia-ischemiaRat modelHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathyStem cellsCerebral palsyFunctional recoveryFunctional outcomeSystemic administrationIntravenous administrationAnimal studiesBrain volumePotential treatmentAdministrationPalsyCellsPatientsEncephalopathySynaptogenesisPreservation of interhemispheric cortical connections through corpus callosum following intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of cerebral infarction
Nagahama H, Nakazaki M, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Namioka T, Namioka A, Oka S, Onodera R, Suzuki J, Sasaki Y, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Preservation of interhemispheric cortical connections through corpus callosum following intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of cerebral infarction. Brain Research 2018, 1695: 37-44. PMID: 29802840, DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInterhemispheric cortical connectionsCorpus callosumIntravenous infusionMesenchymal stem cellsDiffusion tensor imagingMotor cortexFunctional improvementCortical connectionsAdeno-associated virusRat middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke modelMiddle cerebral artery occlusion stroke modelContralateral motor cortexBlood-brain barrierMotor cortex connectivityVehicle-infused groupMRI diffusion tensor imagingPotential therapeutic mechanismNeuroanatomical tracing techniquesStem cellsCerebral infarctionInflammatory infiltrationAnatomical restorationCerebral strokeFunctional recoveryNeurotrophic factorIntravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells reduces epileptogenesis in a rat model of status epilepticus
Fukumura S, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Oka S, Nakazaki M, Nagahama H, Morita T, Sakai T, Tsutsumi H, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells reduces epileptogenesis in a rat model of status epilepticus. Epilepsy Research 2018, 141: 56-63. PMID: 29475054, DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.02.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalGlutamate DecarboxylaseGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHippocampusInfusions, IntravenousLithiumMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMaze LearningMesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationMesenchymal Stem CellsMuscarinic AgonistsNeuronsPhosphopyruvate HydratasePilocarpineRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRats, TransgenicStatus EpilepticusTime FactorsConceptsAberrant mossy fiber sproutingMossy fiber sproutingStatus epilepticusNeuronal cell deathMesenchymal stem cellsMSC infusionIntravenous infusionRat modelCognitive functionMorris water maze testCognitive function preservationNumber of GAD67Water maze testVehicle-infused ratsMagnetic resonance imagingCell deathStem cellsSeizure frequencyFiber sproutingFunction preservationTimm stainingMaze testHippocampal neuronsImmunohistochemical stainingCognitive deterioration
2017
Elevated brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in plasma reflect in vivo functional viability of infused mesenchymal stem cells for stroke in rats.
Nakamura H, Sasaki Y, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Oka S, Nakazaki M, Namioka T, Namioka A, Onodera R, Suzuki J, Nagahama H, Mikami T, Wanibuchi M, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Elevated brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in plasma reflect in vivo functional viability of infused mesenchymal stem cells for stroke in rats. Journal Of Neurosurgical Sciences 2017, 63: 42-49. PMID: 28181779, DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.17.03989-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfused mesenchymal stem cellsMiddle cerebral artery occlusionVivo functional viabilityBDNF levelsMSC infusionMesenchymal stem cellsMCAO inductionPlasma BDNFNeurotrophic factorLesion volumeMSC groupMiddle cerebral artery occlusion modelPermanent middle cerebral artery occlusionCerebral infarction rat modelBrain BDNF levelsElicit functional recoveryIntravenous MSC infusionLimb placement testNeurotrophic factor levelsPlasma BDNF levelsCerebral artery occlusionArtery occlusion modelRat stroke modelFunctional viabilityImmunosorbent assay analyses
2016
Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells promotes functional recovery in a model of chronic spinal cord injury
Morita T, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Nakazaki M, Nagahama H, Oka S, Oshigiri T, Takebayashi T, Yamashita T, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells promotes functional recovery in a model of chronic spinal cord injury. Neuroscience 2016, 335: 221-231. PMID: 27586052, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.037.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSpinal cord injuryIntravenous infusionMesenchymal stem cellsCord injuryBone marrowBlood-spinal cord barrier integrityPhases of SCIChronic spinal cord injuryOpen-field locomotor functionContusive spinal cord injurySevere Contusive Spinal Cord InjuryVehicle-treated groupStem cellsAdult bone marrowBSCB leakageMSC infusionExtensive remyelinationMotor recoveryFunctional recoverySerotonergic fibersCorticospinal tractSystemic infusionFunctional improvementSpinal cordRat modelSynergic Effects of Rehabilitation and Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Stroke in Rats
Sasaki Y, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Nakazaki M, Nagahama H, Suzuki J, Tateyama D, Oka S, Namioka T, Namioka A, Onodera R, Mikami T, Wanibuchi M, Kakizawa M, Ishiai S, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Synergic Effects of Rehabilitation and Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Stroke in Rats. Physical Therapy 2016, 96: 1791-1798. PMID: 27174259, DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150504.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalInfusions, IntravenousMesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationPhysical Conditioning, AnimalRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyStroke RehabilitationConceptsMiddle cerebral artery occlusionIntravenous infusionDaily rehabilitationMesenchymal stem cellsMSC infusionFunctional outcomePermanent middle cerebral artery occlusionLimb placement testCerebral artery occlusionRat stroke modelRat MCAO modelIntraluminal vascular occlusionMagnetic resonance imagingStem cellsAdult bone marrowArtery occlusionCerebral ischemiaMCAO modelVascular occlusionFunctional improvementLesion volumeTherapy groupTherapeutic effectStroke modelGroup 2
2015
Intravenous Preload of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescues Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury
Takayanagi A, Sasaki M, Kataoka-Sasaki Y, Kobayashi K, Matsuda Y, Oka S, Masumori N, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Intravenous Preload of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescues Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury. The Journal Of Sexual Medicine 2015, 12: 1713-1721. PMID: 26211660, DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12957.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMajor pelvic ganglionGlia cell-derived neurotrophic factorArterial pressureCN injuryErectile dysfunctionIntracavernous pressureMesenchymal stem cellsMSC groupErectile functionDMEM groupNeurotrophic factorCavernous nerve injury modelMale Sprague-Dawley ratsNerve injury modelPotential preventive effectMale SD ratsImportant neurotrophic factorSprague-Dawley ratsReal-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactionExpression levelsReal-time polymerase chain reactionQuantitative real-time polymerase chain reactionMRNA expression levelsPelvic gangliaPolymerase chain reactionDiffuse and persistent blood–spinal cord barrier disruption after contusive spinal cord injury rapidly recovers following intravenous infusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Matsushita T, Lankford KL, Arroyo EJ, Sasaki M, Neyazi M, Radtke C, Kocsis JD. Diffuse and persistent blood–spinal cord barrier disruption after contusive spinal cord injury rapidly recovers following intravenous infusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental Neurology 2015, 267: 152-164. PMID: 25771801, DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntigens, SurfaceBlood-Brain BarrierCell- and Tissue-Based TherapyDisease Models, AnimalEndothelial CellsExploratory BehaviorGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinLocomotionMaleMesenchymal Stem CellsMicrovesselsPermeabilityRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRats, TransgenicReceptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor betaSpinal Cord InjuriesTime FactorsVon Willebrand FactorConceptsSpinal cord injuryContusive spinal cord injuryBlood-spinal cord barrierBSCB leakageIntravenous infusionMesenchymal stem cellsVon Willebrand factorMSC infusionCord injurySpinal cordBlood-spinal cord barrier disruptionExperimental spinal cord injuryIntravenous MSC infusionSpinal cord barrierEx vivo optical imagingDissociation of pericytesBone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsStem cellsMarrow mesenchymal stem cellsBSCB integrityBSCB permeabilityLocomotor recoveryPost-SCIBarrier disruptionAntigen expression
2012
Bilateral cortical hyperactivity detected by fMRI associates with improved motor function following intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat stroke model
Suzuki J, Sasaki M, Harada K, Bando M, Kataoka Y, Onodera R, Mikami T, Wanibuchi M, Mikuni N, Kocsis JD, Honmou O. Bilateral cortical hyperactivity detected by fMRI associates with improved motor function following intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat stroke model. Brain Research 2012, 1497: 15-22. PMID: 23274536, DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.028.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrain InfarctionCerebral CortexDisease Models, AnimalExercise TestImage Processing, Computer-AssistedInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryMagnetic Resonance ImagingMesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationMesenchymal Stem CellsMovement DisordersOxygenRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyStatistics, NonparametricTime FactorsConceptsMSC groupMesenchymal stem cellsLesion volumeFunctional MRISensorimotor cortexMotor functionElectrical stimulationRat cerebral infarction modelGreater functional recoveryCerebral infarction modelImproved motor functionImproved functional outcomesRat stroke modelHigh-intensity signalStem cellsFunctional recoveryBilateral signalsCortical hyperactivityFunctional outcomeIntravenous infusionIntravenous transplantationFunctional deficitsSomatosensory cortexInfused groupStroke modelMesenchymal stem cells: therapeutic outlook for stroke
Honmou O, Onodera R, Sasaki M, Waxman SG, Kocsis JD. Mesenchymal stem cells: therapeutic outlook for stroke. Trends In Molecular Medicine 2012, 18: 292-297. PMID: 22459358, DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.02.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsCell- and Tissue-Based TherapyDisease Models, AnimalHumansMesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationStrokeConceptsMarrow-derived mesenchymal stem cellsTransplanted MSCsSpinal cord injuryInitial clinical studiesInitial human studiesBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cellsAdult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cellsAdult human bone marrowAxonal sproutingCerebral ischemiaClinical outcomesNeuroprotective effectsCord injuryHuman bone marrowClinical studiesTherapeutic effectStroke modelAnimal modelsHuman studiesBone marrowMesenchymal stem cellsIntravenous deliveryTherapeutic outlookMSC deliveryStroke
2011
Development of a Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model in the Nonhuman Primate and a Safety Study of I.V. Infusion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Sasaki M, Honmou O, Radtke C, Kocsis JD. Development of a Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model in the Nonhuman Primate and a Safety Study of I.V. Infusion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLOS ONE 2011, 6: e26577. PMID: 22039510, PMCID: PMC3200343, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026577.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMiddle cerebral arteryMagnetic resonance imagingM1 occlusionCollateral circulationSevere groupVenous bloodOcclusion modelMesenchymal stem cellsMiddle cerebral artery occlusion modelM1 branchNHP stroke modelsExtensive collateral circulationArtery occlusion modelPost-operative courseMCA territory infarctionGreater functional improvementLeft sylvian fissureNonhuman primate modelFronto-temporal craniotomyExperimental stroke researchAfrican green monkeysStem cellsHMSC infusionTerritory infarctionNeurological examination
2010
Focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the lewis rat induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and intraspinal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor
Sasaki M, Lankford KL, Brown RJ, Ruddle NH, Kocsis JD. Focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the lewis rat induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and intraspinal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor. Glia 2010, 58: 1523-1531. PMID: 20645414, DOI: 10.1002/glia.21026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAntibodiesBlood-Brain BarrierCD3 ComplexDisease Models, AnimalEncephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, ExperimentalEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleFreund's AdjuvantInjections, SpinalLipidsMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinRatsRats, Inbred LewSpinal CordTime FactorsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AConceptsMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinVascular endothelial growth factorExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisIncomplete Freund's adjuvantBlood-brain barrierInflammatory demyelinating lesionsLewis ratsEndothelial growth factorDemyelinating lesionsEAE modelAutoimmune encephalomyelitisFreund's adjuvantIntraspinal injectionOligodendrocyte glycoproteinRecombinant rat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinCentral nervous system locationsGrowth factorSensitized T cellsFocal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisRat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinSite of injectionMyelin-forming cellsMOG immunizationExtensive demyelinationLymphocyte infiltration