2016
Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease.
Inzucchi SE, Viscoli CM, Young LH, Furie KL, Gorman M, Lovejoy AM, Dagogo-Jack S, Ismail-Beigi F, Korytkowski MT, Pratley RE, Schwartz GG, Kernan WN. Pioglitazone Prevents Diabetes in Patients With Insulin Resistance and Cerebrovascular Disease. Diabetes Care 2016, 39: 1684-92. PMID: 27465265, PMCID: PMC5033078, DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0798.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTransient ischemic attackRecent ischemic strokeInsulin resistanceIschemic strokeHOMA-IRInsulin Resistance InterventionMajor cardiovascular eventsMean HOMA-IRHistory of diabetesSubsequent ischemic eventsHomeostasis model assessmentRisk of diabetesΜIU/mLFPG testingPioglitazone groupCardiovascular eventsIschemic attackPlacebo groupFirst medicationIschemic eventsMean FPGDiabetes onsetDiabetes preventionCerebrovascular diseaseStroke trials
2003
Insulin resistance and the effects of thiazolidinediones on cardiac metabolism
Young LH. Insulin resistance and the effects of thiazolidinediones on cardiac metabolism. The American Journal Of Medicine 2003, 115: 75-80. PMID: 14678870, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.09.013.BooksConceptsMyocardial metabolismFree fatty acidsAdministration of thiazolidinedionesImproved glucose metabolismEffects of thiazolidinedionesInsulin-sensitizing effectsRecovery of functionCardiac contractile activityPotential beneficial effectsPostischemic periodDiabetes mellitusMyocardial injuryFFA metabolismInsulin resistanceFatty acid concentrationsContractile activityGlucose metabolismAnimal studiesCardiac metabolismPharmacologic manipulationThiazolidinedionesBeneficial effectsSkeletal muscleHigh rateMetabolism
2001
Effect of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-d-Ribofuranoside Infusion on In Vivo Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats
Bergeron R, Previs S, Cline G, Perret P, Russell III R, Young L, Shulman G. Effect of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-d-Ribofuranoside Infusion on In Vivo Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats. Diabetes 2001, 50: 1076-1082. PMID: 11334411, DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.5.1076.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenylate KinaseAminoimidazole CarboxamideAnimalsBlood GlucoseBody WeightFatty Acids, NonesterifiedGlucoseGlycerolInfusions, IntravenousInjections, IntravenousInsulinInsulin ResistanceLactatesMaleModels, AnimalMuscle, SkeletalObesityRatsRats, ZuckerReference ValuesRibonucleotidesTriglyceridesConceptsWhole-body glucose disposalInsulin-resistant rat modelObese ratsEndogenous glucose productionObese Zucker ratsRed gastrocnemius muscleInsulin infusion rateLean ratsGlucose disposalInsulin infusionRat modelInfusion rateGastrocnemius muscleZucker ratsLipid metabolismGlucose productionEndogenous glucose production rateGlucose transport activitySkeletal muscle glucose transport activityType 2 diabetesWhole-body carbohydrateInsulin-stimulated glucose uptakeInsulin-independent pathwaySkeletal muscle AMPKGlucose production rate
2000
Effect of hyperinsulinemia on myocardial amino acid uptake in patients with coronary artery disease
McNulty P, Jacob R, Deckelbaum L, Young L. Effect of hyperinsulinemia on myocardial amino acid uptake in patients with coronary artery disease. Metabolism 2000, 49: 1365-1369. PMID: 11079831, DOI: 10.1053/meta.2000.9510.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBranched-chain amino acidsIschemic heart diseaseMyocardial uptakeArterial plasmaHeart diseaseChronic ischemic heart diseaseCoronary artery diseasePlasma BCAA concentrationsEffect of hyperinsulinemiaMyocardial glucose uptakeNet myocardial uptakeEuglycemic insulin infusionsNet glutamate uptakeOxidative energy substratesPossible salutary effectsBCAA uptakeMyocardial utilizationEuglycemic hyperinsulinemiaArtery diseaseInsulin levelsBCAA concentrationsInsulin infusionAmino acid uptakeAnabolic effectsCardiovascular disease
1995
Hyperinsulinemia inhibits myocardial protein degradation in patients with cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance.
McNulty P, Louard R, Deckelbaum L, Zaret B, Young L. Hyperinsulinemia inhibits myocardial protein degradation in patients with cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance. Circulation 1995, 92: 2151-6. PMID: 7554195, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.92.8.2151.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyocardial protein degradationInsulin infusionCardiovascular diseaseMyocardial protein synthesisInsulin resistancePhenylalanine balanceMyocardial hypertrophyWhole-body glucose metabolismCoronary artery diseaseIschemic heart diseasePlasma insulin concentrationNet phenylalanine balanceWhole-body carbohydrate metabolismEffect of insulinMyocardial protein metabolismArtery diseaseAcute hyperinsulinemiaProtein synthesisHeart diseaseInsulin concentrationsPlasma concentrationsAntiproteolytic actionHyperinsulinemiaGlucose metabolismConstant infusion
1992
Physiological hyperinsulinemia inhibits myocardial protein degradation in vivo in the canine heart.
Young LH, Dahl DM, Rauner D, Barrett EJ. Physiological hyperinsulinemia inhibits myocardial protein degradation in vivo in the canine heart. Circulation Research 1992, 71: 393-400. PMID: 1628395, DOI: 10.1161/01.res.71.2.393.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMyocardial protein degradationProtein degradationProtein synthesisMyocardial protein turnoverAmino acid replacementsAcid replacementsProtein turnoverEssential amino acidsAmino acidsPhenylalanine balanceAmino acid concentrationsNet myocardial releaseSpecific activityPhenylalanineVivoDegradationAnimalsBasal rateIsotopic steady statePhysiological hyperinsulinemiaTurnover
1988
Effect of Chronic Diabetes on Myocardial Fuel Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity
Barrett E, Schwartz R, Young L, Jacob R, Zaret B. Effect of Chronic Diabetes on Myocardial Fuel Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity. Diabetes 1988, 37: 943-948. PMID: 3290011, DOI: 10.2337/diab.37.7.943.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsArterial free fatty acidsFree fatty acidsMyocardial balanceInsulin clampBranched-chain amino acid concentrationsEuglycemic insulin clamp techniqueGlucose uptakeInsulin-induced hypoaminoacidemiaInsulin clamp techniqueInsulin-deficient diabetesPlasma glucose concentrationFuel substrate metabolismSignificant myocardial uptakeEffect of insulinMyocardial fuel metabolismSignificant glucose uptakePhysiologic hyperinsulinemiaBasal periodChronic diabetesDiabetic animalsInsulin sensitivityAcute effectsAdditional dogsAmino acid concentrationsMyocardial uptake