2022
Reward and loss incentives improve spatial working memory by shaping trial-by-trial posterior frontoparietal signals
Cho YT, Moujaes F, Schleifer CH, Starc M, Ji JL, Santamauro N, Adkinson B, Kolobaric A, Flynn M, Krystal JH, Murray JD, Repovs G, Anticevic A. Reward and loss incentives improve spatial working memory by shaping trial-by-trial posterior frontoparietal signals. NeuroImage 2022, 254: 119139. PMID: 35346841, PMCID: PMC9264479, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119139.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMemory precisionSpatial working memoryIntraparietal sulcusPrecentral sulcusWorking memoryMotivational signalsBOLD signalParietal cortexReward/lossVisual association regionsDorsolateral prefrontal cortexGoal-directed activityMemory paradigmMemory performanceMemory processesAnterior parietal cortexExecutive networkNeural changesSensory processesPrefrontal cortexLoss incentivesVentral striatumNon-human primate studiesTranslational neuroscienceMemory
2021
Effects of the Fyn kinase inhibitor saracatinib on ventral striatal activity during performance of an fMRI monetary incentive delay task in individuals family history positive or negative for alcohol use disorder. A pilot randomised trial
Patel KT, Stevens MC, Dunlap A, Gallagher A, O’Malley S, DeMartini K, Potenza MN, Krystal JH, Pearlson GD. Effects of the Fyn kinase inhibitor saracatinib on ventral striatal activity during performance of an fMRI monetary incentive delay task in individuals family history positive or negative for alcohol use disorder. A pilot randomised trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021, 47: 840-846. PMID: 34475522, PMCID: PMC8882177, DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01157-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProtein tyrosine kinasesSrc regulationSrc familyProtein kinaseTyrosine kinaseFyn kinaseSrc inhibitorSrc/FynDependent pathwayKinaseNMDAR upregulationNMDAR functionNMDA receptorsRegulationSaracatinibGluN2B subunitGlutamate receptorsFynInhibitorsReceptorsSubunitsN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptorsPrevious evidenceMapping data‐driven individualized neurobehavioral phenotypes in heavy alcohol drinkers
DeMartini KS, Gueorguieva R, Pearlson G, Krishnan‐Sarin S, Anticevic A, Ji LJ, Krystal JH, O’Malley S. Mapping data‐driven individualized neurobehavioral phenotypes in heavy alcohol drinkers. Alcohol Clinical And Experimental Research 2021, 45: 841-853. PMID: 33605439, DOI: 10.1111/acer.14580.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsConfirmatory factor analysisIncentive salienceNeurofunctional domainsAlcohol use disorderExecutive functionLatent factorsPhysical neglectSelf-report measuresChildhood emotional abuseUse disordersChildhood physical neglectEarly life stressSignificant predictorsMultiple significant predictorsMultiple causes modelCurrent AUDNegative emotionalityAddiction developmentEmotional abuseChildhood neglectFactor structureDrinking frequencySalienceCause modelFactor analysis
2019
Neural computations of threat in the aftermath of combat trauma
Homan P, Levy I, Feltham E, Gordon C, Hu J, Li J, Pietrzak RH, Southwick S, Krystal JH, Harpaz-Rotem I, Schiller D. Neural computations of threat in the aftermath of combat trauma. Nature Neuroscience 2019, 22: 470-476. PMID: 30664770, PMCID: PMC6829910, DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0315-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPTSD symptomsPost-traumatic stress disorder symptomsHigher PTSD symptom severityThreat-predictive cuesPTSD symptom severityAssociative threatPredictive cuesNeural trackingDisorder symptomsPrediction errorCombat veteransDynamic learning rateNegative outcomesCombat traumaSmaller amygdala volumesNeural computationLatent markersSymptomatic veteransSymptom severityAmygdala volumeAssociabilityCuesLearning rateVeteransSymptoms
2018
Alcohol Expectancy and Cerebral Responses to Cue-Elicited Craving in Adult Nondependent Drinkers
Zhornitsky S, Zhang S, Ide JS, Chao HH, Wang W, Le TM, Leeman RF, Bi J, Krystal JH, Li CR. Alcohol Expectancy and Cerebral Responses to Cue-Elicited Craving in Adult Nondependent Drinkers. Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience And Neuroimaging 2018, 4: 493-504. PMID: 30711509, PMCID: PMC6500759, DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.11.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scoresFrontal cortical connectivityCerebral responsesCortical connectivityPositive scoreAlcohol cuesNondependent drinkersAlcohol Use Disorders Identification TestLeft caudate headCue activityCue responsesAlcohol expectanciesProblem drinkingDisorders Identification TestNeutral cuesMedial orbitofrontal cortexAlcohol Expectancy QuestionnaireFunctional magnetic resonanceBilateral thalamusThalamic processingCaudate headRisk drinkingThalamic responsesRed nucleusImaging studies
2006
The vulnerability to alcohol and substance abuse in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia
Krystal JH, D’Souza D, Gallinat J, Driesen N, Abi-Dargham A, Petrakis I, Heinz A, Pearlson G. The vulnerability to alcohol and substance abuse in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Neurotoxicity Research 2006, 10: 235-252. PMID: 17197373, DOI: 10.1007/bf03033360.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSubstance abuse riskSubstance abuseSubstance abuse disordersAbuse riskSubstances of abuseNicotinic cholinergicPatient groupDopaminergic inputAbused substancesAbuse disordersSchizophrenic patientsDysphoric effectsAbuse liabilityHigh dosesLow dosesNegative symptomsReceptor functionAltered responseSchizophreniaSchizophrenic individualsRiskReward processingSubjective distressImpulsive behaviorDoses
1985
Inescapable shock, neurotransmitters, and addiction to trauma: Toward a psychobiology of post traumatic stress
van der Kolk B, Greenberg M, Boyd H, Krystal J. Inescapable shock, neurotransmitters, and addiction to trauma: Toward a psychobiology of post traumatic stress. Biological Psychiatry 1985, 20: 314-325. PMID: 2858226, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90061-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPost-traumatic stressStress-induced analgesiaTraumatic stressInescapable shockChronic post-traumatic stressCatecholamine depletionMassive psychic traumaEndogenous opioid releasePhysiological hyperreactivityTraumatized individualsPsychic traumaBehavioral sequelaeOpioid withdrawalPsychodynamic conceptsEndogenous opioidsPsychosocial meaningOpioid releaseMental disordersTraumaPhysiological componentsReexposureHuman equivalentAnalgesiaHyperreactivityAnimals