2008
Decreased hippocampal volume on MRI is associated with increased extracellular glutamate in epilepsy patients
Cavus I, Pan JW, Hetherington HP, Abi‐Saab W, Zaveri HP, Vives KP, Krystal JH, Spencer SS, Spencer DD. Decreased hippocampal volume on MRI is associated with increased extracellular glutamate in epilepsy patients. Epilepsia 2008, 49: 1358-1366. PMID: 18410365, DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01603.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTemporal lobe epilepsyHippocampal volumeClinical factorsHippocampal atrophyEpileptogenic hippocampusGABA levelsNeurochemical levelsElevated extracellular glutamate levelsContralateral hippocampal volumeIntracranial EEG evaluationMedication-resistant epilepsyRefractory TLE patientsHigh seizure frequencyRelevant clinical factorsSmaller hippocampal volumesExtracellular glutamate levelsFebrile seizure historyTreatment of epilepsySeizure frequencyLobe epilepsySeizure historyTLE patientsAtrophic hippocampusGlutamate levelsExtracellular glutamate
2005
Extracellular metabolites in the cortex and hippocampus of epileptic patients
Cavus I, Kasoff WS, Cassaday MP, Jacob R, Gueorguieva R, Sherwin RS, Krystal JH, Spencer DD, Abi‐Saab W. Extracellular metabolites in the cortex and hippocampus of epileptic patients. Annals Of Neurology 2005, 57: 226-235. PMID: 15668975, DOI: 10.1002/ana.20380.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlutamate-glutamine cyclingEpileptogenic hippocampusGlutamate levelsEpileptic patientsImpaired glutamate reuptakeBasal glutamate levelsBrain energy metabolismHigher lactate levelsGlutamine/glutamate ratioPoor glucose utilizationEnergy metabolismNeurometabolic processesNonepileptogenic cortexEpileptogenic cortexGlutamate reuptakeNeocortical epilepsyExtracellular glutamateSeizure generationInterictal periodLactate levelsMicrodialysis methodExtracellular levelsNeuronal toxicityGlucose utilizationDepth electrodes