1997
Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Bremner JD, Morgan CA, Nicolaou AL, Nagy LM, Johnson DR, Heninger GR, Charney DS. Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 1997, 54: 749-758. PMID: 9283511, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830200083012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYohimbine-induced panic attacksPosttraumatic stress disorderPanic attacksCardiovascular effectsCardiovascular measurementsStress disorderYohimbine hydrochloridePTSD symptomsDiastolic blood pressureDouble-blind fashionSeparate test daysGreater increaseBlood pressureIntravenous infusionSerotonergic functionNoradrenergic activitySerotonergic systemNoradrenergic systemHealthy subjectsSerotonergic activityPatientsDifferent patientsTest dayCombat veteransYohimbine
1993
Abnormal Noradrenergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Morgan CA, Johnson D, Nagy LM, Nicolaou A, Heninger GR, Charney DS. Abnormal Noradrenergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 1993, 50: 266-274. PMID: 8466387, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160036003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosttraumatic stress disorderYohimbine-induced panic attacksUncontrollable stressStress disorderYohimbine-induced increasesSystolic blood pressureSubgroup of patientsHealthy male subjectsCore PTSD symptomsCardiovascular effectsBlood pressureMale patientsPathophysiological relationshipNoradrenergic functionPreclinical dataNeurobiological sequelaeHealthy subjectsHeart rateNeuronal regulationPanic disorderMale subjectsNeuronal functionPanic attacksPatientsYohimbine hydrochloride
1992
Noradrenergic neuronal dysregulation in panic disorder: the effects of intravenous yohimbine and clonidine in panic disorder patients
Charney DS, Woods SW, Krystal JH, Nagy LM, Heninger GR. Noradrenergic neuronal dysregulation in panic disorder: the effects of intravenous yohimbine and clonidine in panic disorder patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1992, 86: 273-282. PMID: 1333719, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03266.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPanic disorder patientsDisorder patientsPanic disorderIntravenous yohimbineHealthy subjectsYohimbine-induced panic attacksClonidine-induced decreaseYohimbine-induced increasesGrowth hormone responseNeuronal dysregulationCardiovascular effectsPlasma MHPGPatientsPlasma 3Hormone responseNeuronal functionPanic attacksClonidineHuman dataDisordersYohimbineHuman anxietySubgroupsFear statesFunctional regulation