2024
Frontal Norepinephrine Represents a Threat Prediction Error Under Uncertainty
Basu A, Yang J, Yu A, Glaeser-Khan S, Rondeau J, Feng J, Krystal J, Li Y, Kaye A. Frontal Norepinephrine Represents a Threat Prediction Error Under Uncertainty. Biological Psychiatry 2024, 96: 256-267. PMID: 38316333, PMCID: PMC11269024, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.01.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrediction error signalsResponses to conditioned stimuliThreat prediction errorsReinforcement learning modelThreat learningAnticipation of dangerAversive learningMemory strengthConditioned stimulusNoradrenergic signalingDefensive behaviorError signalPrediction errorAuditory stimuliTask structureNorepinephrine releaseNorepinephrineLearning modelsPredictive signalsStimuliFootshockDopamineLearningRewardError
1997
Positron Emission Tomography Measurement of Cerebral Metabolic Correlates of Yohimbine Administration in Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Bremner JD, Innis RB, Ng CK, Staib LH, Salomon RM, Bronen RA, Duncan J, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Rich D, Zubal G, Dey H, Soufer R, Charney DS. Positron Emission Tomography Measurement of Cerebral Metabolic Correlates of Yohimbine Administration in Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 1997, 54: 246-254. PMID: 9075465, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830150070011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosttraumatic stress disorderAdministration of yohimbineNorepinephrine releaseHealthy subjectsHealthy age-matched control subjectsAge-matched control subjectsStress disorderDouble-blind fashionPositron emission tomography (PET) measurementsBrain metabolic responsesCerebral metabolic correlatesBrain norepinephrine releaseSymptoms of anxietyPositron emission tomographyBrain metabolismControl subjectsYohimbine administrationPreclinical studiesMetabolic correlatesCaudate nucleusPatientsYohimbineVietnam combat veteransEmission tomographyOrbitofrontal cortex
1996
Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety: I. preclinical studies
Bremner J, Krystal J, Southwick S, Charney D. Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety: I. preclinical studies. Synapse 1996, 23: 28-38. PMID: 8723133, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199605)23:1<28::aid-syn4>3.0.co;2-j.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPost-traumatic stress disorderBrain regionsNoradrenergic brain systemsMultiple subcortical areasConsiderable preclinical evidenceLocus coeruleusBrain systemsNeural mechanismsStress disorderTarget brain regionsBehavioral manifestationsBrain functionPanic disorderStress exposureChronic stress resultsTurnover of norepinephrineSubcortical areasAnxietyPsychiatric disordersNoradrenergic systemLong-term alterationsNoradrenergic mechanismsNoradrenergic neuronsNorepinephrine releasePreclinical evidence