2024
Frontal Norepinephrine Represents a Threat Prediction Error Under Uncertainty
Basu A, Yang J, Yu A, Glaeser-Khan S, Rondeau J, Feng J, Krystal J, Li Y, Kaye A. Frontal Norepinephrine Represents a Threat Prediction Error Under Uncertainty. Biological Psychiatry 2024, 96: 256-267. PMID: 38316333, PMCID: PMC11269024, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.01.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrediction error signalsResponses to conditioned stimuliThreat prediction errorsReinforcement learning modelThreat learningAnticipation of dangerAversive learningMemory strengthConditioned stimulusNoradrenergic signalingDefensive behaviorError signalPrediction errorAuditory stimuliTask structureNorepinephrine releaseNorepinephrineLearning modelsPredictive signalsStimuliFootshockDopamineLearningRewardError
1996
Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety: II. Clinical studies
Bremner J, Krystal J, Southwick S, Charney D. Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety: II. Clinical studies. Synapse 1996, 23: 39-51. PMID: 8723134, DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199605)23:1<39::aid-syn5>3.0.co;2-i.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosttraumatic stress disorderBlood pressureNoradrenergic functionHeart rateNoradrenergic systemClinical studiesAdrenergic receptorsPanic disorderAnxiety disordersGrowth hormone responseMeasurement of norepinephrineNorepinephrine responseNoradrenergic mechanismsBaseline norepinephrineNoradrenergic responsivenessPharmacological challengeCatecholaminergic functionHormone responseTraumatic remindersPatientsAcute stressorStress disorderNorepinephrineBaseline measuresConsistent finding
1995
Effects of tryptophan depletion on responses to yohimbine in healthy human subjects
Goddard A, Charney D, Germine M, Woods S, Heninger G, Krystal J, Goodman W, Price L. Effects of tryptophan depletion on responses to yohimbine in healthy human subjects. Biological Psychiatry 1995, 38: 74-85. PMID: 7578653, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00223-p.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealthy human subjectsTryptophan depletionAlpha-2 adrenergic antagonist yohimbinePlacebo-controlled challenge testHuman subjectsAntagonist yohimbineNeurotransmitter systemsSerotonin systemChallenge testPossible functional interactionBiochemical variablesWhole groupFeelings of nervousnessNE functionMarked increaseNorepinephrineConsiderable evidenceFear responsesSubjectsHuman anxietyNervousnessCombination testControl testsFunctional interactionUnique changes