2002
Striking Differences in Glucose and Lactate Levels Between Brain Extracellular Fluid and Plasma in Conscious Human Subjects: Effects of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
Abi-Saab WM, Maggs DG, Jones T, Jacob R, Srihari V, Thompson J, Kerr D, Leone P, Krystal JH, Spencer DD, During MJ, Sherwin RS. Striking Differences in Glucose and Lactate Levels Between Brain Extracellular Fluid and Plasma in Conscious Human Subjects: Effects of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2002, 22: 271-279. PMID: 11891432, DOI: 10.1097/00004647-200203000-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsConscious human subjectsBrain extracellular fluidLactate levelsECF levelsExtracellular fluidBasal conditionsGlucose-derived lactateEffects of hyperglycemiaHuman subjectsECF glucoseElectrophysiologic evaluationIntracerebral microdialysisIntractable epilepsyBrain levelsMetabolic milieuClamp studiesBrainAnaerobic glycolysisHuman dataLactateGlucoseLow levelsSubjectsHigh levelsLevels
1999
Preliminary Evidence of Low Cortical GABA Levels in Localized 1H-MR Spectra of Alcohol-Dependent and Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients
Behar KL, Rothman DL, Petersen KF, Hooten M, Delaney R, Petroff OA, Shulman GI, Navarro V, Petrakis IL, Charney DS, Krystal JH. Preliminary Evidence of Low Cortical GABA Levels in Localized 1H-MR Spectra of Alcohol-Dependent and Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients. American Journal Of Psychiatry 1999, 156: 952-954. PMID: 10360140, DOI: 10.1176/ajp.156.6.952.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatic encephalopathy patientsEncephalopathy patientsGamma-aminobutyric acidHealthy subjectsCortical GABA levelsGABA-ergic systemDetoxified alcohol-dependent patientsAlcohol-dependent patientsNeuroactive amino acidsCerebral cortexGABA levelsOccipital cortexPatientsMetabolite levelsPreliminary evidenceCortexSubjectsLevelsDisease
1998
Creatine Kinase Elevations and Aggressive Behavior in Hospitalized Forensic Patients
Hillbrand M, Spitz R, Foster H, Krystal J, Young J. Creatine Kinase Elevations and Aggressive Behavior in Hospitalized Forensic Patients. Psychiatric Quarterly 1998, 69: 69-82. PMID: 9536476, DOI: 10.1023/a:1022137524475.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCK levelsAntipsychotic medicationCreatine kinaseViolent patientsCreatine kinase elevationHigh CK levelsAggressive behaviorProspective studyPatientsClinical diagnosisBiological markersPotential predictorsForensic patientsForensic hospitalMedicationsViolent behaviorSubsequent violenceLevelsHospitalDiagnosis
1993
Elevated CSF levels of interleukin-2 in neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients
Licinio J, Seibyl JP, Altemus M, Charney DS, Krystal JH. Elevated CSF levels of interleukin-2 in neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients. American Journal Of Psychiatry 1993, 150: 1408-1410. PMID: 8102512, DOI: 10.1176/ajp.150.9.1408.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeuroleptic-free schizophrenic patientsInterleukin-2Dopaminergic neurotransmissionSchizophrenic patientsElevated CSF levelsAbnormal brain morphologyInterleukin-1 alphaAutoimmune phenomenaCSF levelsHealthy subjectsBrain morphologyPatientsElevated levelsNeurotransmissionCell growthAutoimmunityLevelsSchizophrenia