2002
Yohimbine-induced withdrawal and anxiety symptoms in opioid-dependent patients
Stine SM, Southwick SM, Petrakis IL, Kosten TR, Charney DS, Krystal JH. Yohimbine-induced withdrawal and anxiety symptoms in opioid-dependent patients. Biological Psychiatry 2002, 51: 642-651. PMID: 11955464, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01292-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOpioid-dependent patientsBlood pressureMethadone patientsOpioid dependenceHPA axis perturbationsPlacebo-controlled studyDiastolic blood pressureSystolic blood pressureMethadone-maintained patientsSymptom scale scoresSynaptic noradrenalineOpioid withdrawalPostsynaptic effectsMHPG levelsAbstinence symptomsAdrenal axisOpioid drugsYohimbine effectNoradrenergic regulationHealthy volunteersHeart ratePhysiologic measuresPatientsCortisol levelsScale score
1991
Excitatory amino acids and morphine withdrawal: differential effects of central and peripheral kynurenic acid administration
Rasmussen K, Krystal J, Aghajanian G. Excitatory amino acids and morphine withdrawal: differential effects of central and peripheral kynurenic acid administration. Psychopharmacology 1991, 105: 508-512. PMID: 1771218, DOI: 10.1007/bf02244371.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcid administrationKynurenic acidSubcutaneous administrationPeripheral excitatory amino acid receptorsExcitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenic acidExcitatory amino acid receptorsAntagonist kynurenic acidExcitatory amino acidsAmino acid receptorsLocus coeruleus neuronsMorphine-dependent ratsBlood-brain barrierSingle-unit recordingsMorphine withdrawalCoeruleus neuronsAntagonist treatmentAbstinence symptomsOpiate withdrawalUnit recordingsAnesthetized animalsAcid receptorsBehavioral signsAdministrationDifferential effectsWithdrawal